Group project dld assignement
- 1. CECOS UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & EMERGING SCIENCES, PESHAWAR Department of Computer Science Assignment Digital Logic Design (Lab) Group members: Habib-ur- Rehman : 292-2019 Hayan Ahmad : 300-2019 Akhtar zeb : 313-2019 Introduction I selected the project on Traffic Lights. Basically, Traffic Lights are used to control and manage the vehicle traffic on the road to avoid traffic jams. Keeping in view the rising number by each passing day as every person uses different kinds of vehicles , so to control and organize the vehicle traffic lights are very much important to avoid the traffic jams and accidents. Basically, there are three different lights in the traffic signal, and each signal having different message for the vehicle drivers. Detail as below: 1). This signal showing Red light (upper one) informs the driver to stop the vehicle at the intersection. 2). The signal Green light (last one) gives the driver to drive through the intersection. 3). The yellow light (middle one) signal means to alerts the driver to wait for a moment, if the next light is red one or get ready to go by turn the engine ON if the green light is next.
- 2. Hence, Traffic control lights means to stop the vehicle accidents as well as to control the traffic jams as where everyone owns the different types of vehicles. Project Proposal: The fundamental idea of this simple electronic project is to control the traffic. It can be used to avoid the vehicular collisions and traffic jams. This project is just a one-way traffic controller, although it can be further modified as well. Project will work in a way, it provides the instruction to the driver whether to drive through the intersection or yield at the intersection. There are three control lights or signals, which will provide the instruction to the driver. • RED light o – tell the driver to STOP at the intersection. • YELLOW o light – instructs the driver to WAIT (If red light is next) or GET READY (if green light is next). • GREEN o Green light – tell the driver to GO through the intersection. Components: There are some components, which we will be using to make our Traffic Light Control System. Below mention is the list of those components used in Traffic Light Control System. 1. 9V Battery (Input Battery) 2. 100K, 22K and 330 ohm resistors 3. 2.2mF capacitors 4. Six 1N4148 diodes 5. 555 timer IC (As a pulse generator) 6. 4017 IC counter (Main IC of the circuit)
- 3. 7. 1M Potentiometer (Controls the timing of pulse generated by 555 timer) 8. Red, yellow and green LEDs. (Output). Block Diagram: Circuit Diagram:
- 4. Working: This traffic light is made with the help of counter IC, which is mainly used for Sequential Circuits. We can also call it as Sequential Traffic Lights. Sequential Circuits are basically used to count the numbers in the series. Coming to the working principle of Traffic Lights, the main IC is 4017 counter IC which is used to glow the Red, yellow and green LED respectively. 555 timer works as a pulse generator providing an input to the 4017 counter IC. Timing of the glow of certain lights totally depends upon the 555 timer’s pulse, which we can control via the Potentiometer so if you want to change the time of glow, you can do so by varying the potentiometer, having the responsibility for the timing. LEDs are not connected directly with 4017 counter, as the lights not are stable. We have used the combination of 1N4148 diodes and the LEDs in order to get the appropriate output. The Main drawback of this circuit is that you can never have an exact timing with this, however you will have best estimated. Applications Application of traffic light Control signals Improve the vehicle movement. Another application of the Traffic Light Control signals is that it maximizes the traffic flow. It also Control the time intervals of the traffic light and decrease delays of vehicles and environmental effects. It is also useful as it produce to overcome the traffic congestion. It also Increases the intersection capacity at the same time. It also reduces the number accidents and reduces the average waiting time at the red lights. Better traffic flow for greener environment. Conclusion
- 5. The improvement of traffic condition is basically largely dependent on the modern ways of traffic management and control. Advanced traffic signal controllers and control system contribute to the improvement of the traffic problem. The intelligent of traffic signal controller that is introduced in this project with powerful functions and hardware interface. Good quality has been made through the application of the intelligent traffic controller in practice, and the application result shows that the intelligent traffic signal controller will improve. Before design the circuit and program, it is important to understand and identify the problem of the system. First, a block diagram for traffic controller systems must be design. Referring an interface block diagrams we know the inputs, outputs, types and the number of states are uses in this project. Using machine, it is easy to design and gives the designer good flexibility when the designer needs to weak the design either for speed or area optimization. Most tools in the market have special option to allow a designer to synthesize a state machine design. References: www.mytrafficlights.com › Traffic Light Collection www.theengineeringprojects.com › Blog › 555 Timer www.theengineeringprojects.com › Blog › 555 Timer
- 6. .