Harvard - Referencing the basics (2021)
- 1. Referencing: The Basics Library https://unihub.mdx.ac.uk/study/library
- 2. Learn: • Why you need to use references in your academic work • What are references and citations • The differences between quoting and paraphrasing • How to create references on Library Search • How to check that your references are correct • Creating references using the Harvard style.
- 3. Why reference? • Highlight and back-up relevant points and facts • Demonstrate that you have read widely • Give credit to the author/creator • Achieve a better mark or grade • Reader can locate original source used • Avoid plagiarism. Adapted from: https://www.citethemrightonline.com/Basics/what-is-referencing
- 4. How do I know which referencing style to use? • Most students at Middlesex University are expected to use the Harvard referencing style • However some programmes such as engineering, psychology and law use different styles • Your module or programme handbook will tell you which style to use • If you are not sure, ask you Module Leader or Student Learning Assistant • This guide covers Harvard.
- 5. What are citations and references? Citations are used in the text of your essay and show the reader where you have got your information or facts from i.e. from a book, journal article or web page. They should be used whenever you quote or paraphrase information in your work. There are two main ways of using citations in your work. References are located at the end of your essay (i.e. the reference list) and will be an alphabetical list (by author) of all the items you have cited. You can see examples of Harvard citations and reference lists on the following slides.
- 6. Using citations and references (Harvard) Citations: According to Chapman and Dixon (2009) recent development in multimedia technology have led to a ten-fold increase in the ownership of………. Ownership of hand-held digital devices has increased ten-fold due to recent developments in multimedia technology (Chapman and Dixon, 2009). Reference list: Arundal, T. (2016) ‘Ignore new technology at your peril’, The Guardian, 7 July. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2016/jul/07/ignore-new- technology-at-your-peril (Accessed: 24 October 2018). Chapman, N. and Dixon, J. (2009) Digital multimedia. 3rd edn. Chichester: John Wiley. Foster, B. (2017) Developments in multimedia. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley. Wright, P. (2005) ‘Rapid prototyping in consumer product design’, Communications of the ACM, 48(6), pp.36-41.
- 7. Quoting and Paraphrasing (Harvard) Original text as found in a book: The massive collection of data by the AML technologies that populate the intelligent environment enables extensive profiling, which in turn is necessary to deliver the benefits delivered by AML. Quoted in your essay: According to Hart, Smith and Wilson “the massive collection of data by the AML technologies that populate the intelligent environment enables extensive profiling, which in turn is necessary to deliver the benefits delivered by AML” (p. 437, 2008). Paraphrased in your essay: In order for AML technologies to perform correctly they must collect profiles. As a result, it is necessary for them to collect a large amount of data (Hart, Smith and Wilson, 2008). Reference: Hart, N., Smith, G. and Wilson, J. (2008) Technologies for fraud detection and prevention. 3rd edn. Chichester: John Wiley.
- 8. Click on ‘Sign-in’, choose ‘Middlesex University’ and use your University email address and IT password. Create references with Library Search myUniHub > My Study > My Library > Library Search Search for information on Library Search. Once you have a list of useful items you can start to create references which you can use in your academic work.
- 9. To create a reference… …click on the quotation mark (“” ) and select the referencing style that you require i.e. Harvard. A reference is created. ‘Copy’ the reference into the reference list in your essay or email it to yourself. You MUST use Cite Them Right Online, to check that the reference created is correct. You will probably need to make a few small changes. Access: myUniHub > MyStudy > MyLibrary > Databases > C > Cite Them Right Online. See example on next slide.
- 10. Ashby, M. F. and Johnson, K. (2010) Materials and design. 2nd edn. Amsterdam: Butterworth- Heinemann. Book reference created by Library Search (Harvard) Book reference corrected using Cite Then Right (Harvard) Ashby, Michael F. & Johnson, Kara., 2010 Materials and design. 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Butterworth- Heinemann References created on Library Search need a few changes to make them perfect. Journal article reference created by Library Search (Harvard) Wright, Paul, Rapid prototyping in consumer product design. Communications of the ACM, 2005 vol.48 No. 6, pp.36–41. Journal article reference corrected using Cite Then Right (Harvard) Wright, P. (2005) ‘Rapid prototyping in consumer product design’, Communications of the ACM, 48(6), pp.36–41.
- 11. Other ways to create references It is often possible to create references on other resources such as Google Scholar and journal databases. Always check that your references are correct using Cite Them Right Online (next slide).
- 12. Cite Them Right Online myUniHub > My Study > My Library > Databases > C Use Cite Them Right to ensure your references are correct. Choose the type of information that you need to reference and then select the reference style e.g. Harvard.
- 13. Ward, P. (2008) Database management systems. 2nd edn. Clifton Park: Cengage. Title Author Date Edition Publisher Place of publication This is how to reference a book (Harvard)
- 14. Mori, G., Paterno, F. and Santoro, C. (2002) ‘CTTE: Support for developing and analyzing task models for interactive system design’, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 28(8), pp.797-813. Volume/number Author(s) Title of article Date Pages This is how to reference a journal article (Harvard): Title of journal
- 15. Web page with organisation as author National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2019) Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies. Clinical guideline (CG62). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62 (Accessed: 19 February 2019). Title of web page Author Date URL Date when accessed This is how to reference web pages (Harvard) Web page with individual author(s) Burton, P.A. (2012) Castles of Spain. Available at: http://www.castlesofspain.co.uk/ (Accessed: 14 October 2018). Author Date Title of web page URL Date when accessed
- 16. Referencing top tips • Create references using Library Search • Use Cite Them Right Online • Be consistent
Editor's Notes
- #4: Highlight and back-up relevant points and facts that you have made in your assignment (i.e. establish the credibility and authority of your ideas and arguments) by quoting, paraphrasing or summarising from the original text. Demonstrate that you have read widely on the subject by providing evidence of your research Give credit to the original author/creator i.e. Distinguish between your own ideas and opinions and those of others. Achieve a better mark or grade: marks are often awarded for the accuracy of your references. Enable the reader (your tutor) to locate the original material you used. Avoid plagiarism.
- #8: Quoting: Use when the original wording conveys the idea perfectly Use author’s exact words Put “quotation marks” around the author’s words Refer to the author in text and include book/journal in reference list Paraphrasing: Present the author’s ideas in your own words Still need to refer to the author….the words are yours, but the idea is theirs
- #10: Everyone do a search and try creating some references.
- #11: Bits that needed changing are highlighted in colour.