HAZARDS, VULNERABILTY AND DISASTER RISKS.ppt
- 1. HAZARDS, VULNERABILTY AND DISASTER RISKS UNIT 1
- 2. What is a Disaster? • Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community (or) area.
- 4. What is a Hazard? • Any dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity (or) condition that may cause loss of life, injury (or) other health impacts, property damage.
- 5. What is Vulnerability? • Vulnerability refers to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system (or) asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
- 6. What is Resilience? • Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.
- 7. What is Risk? • It is a measure of the expected losses due to a hazardous event of a particular magnitude occurring in a given area over a specific time period. The level of risk depends on – Nature of the hazard – Vulnerability of the affected elements – Economic value of the affected elements
- 8. What is Capacity? • The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within an organization, community or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience.
- 10. Key Concept • A hazard turns into a disaster when the people, potentially in the danger zone are vulnerable and do not have the capacity to cope with the impact of the hazard. • For the sake of understanding the connection between hazard (H), disaster (D), vulnerability (V) and capacity (C) is given as
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- 12. Types of Disasters • On the basis of their causes, disasters can be broadly classified into • Natural Disasters – A major event brought about by the natural processes of the Earth that causes widespread destruction to the environment and loss of life • Man-made Disasters – Human-induced disasters are very dangerous catastrophes caused by humans. They are caused by human activity.
- 13. Natural Disasters • There are many natural disasters. They can be grouped into different categories based on specific criteria:
- 14. • Geological Disasters – Geological disasters are catastrophic events that arise as a result of changes in the earth, either above the surface or below the surface. • Hydrological Disasters – Hydrological Disasters are described as a sudden and violent event caused due to the change in the quality, distribution or movement of water below the surface or in the atmosphere. • Meteorological Disasters – Meteorological Disasters are usually caused by extreme weather such as rain, snow or drought. These affect the earth’s atmosphere and the weather-forming process.
- 15. • Space Disasters – Space disasters primarily include solar flares, impact events and airburst events.
- 16. Man Made Disasters • Aka Anthropogenic Disasters • Classified into • Sociological Hazards – Crime – Arson – Civil disorder – Terrorism – War
- 17. Contd… • Technological hazards – Industrial hazards – Structural collapse – Power outage – Fire – Deforestation • Hazardous materials – Radiation Contamination – Oil spill
- 18. Examples • The Bhopal Gas Tragedy • Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- 19. Earthquake • Caused by sudden shift (or) movement deep underground in the Earth’s tectonic plates, causing the Earth’s crust to shake violently, with vibrations varying in magnitude. • Can also cause other disasters like Tsunami and volcanic eruptions • Seismometers can detect the strength of an earthquake
- 20. Terms Related to Earthquake • In 1935, Charles Richter first defined local magnitude, and the Richter scale is commonly used today to describe an earthquake's magnitude.
- 21. Contd… • The 2001, Gujarat Earthquake measuring 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale
- 22. Landslide • It is a downward (or) outward movement of soil, rock under the influence of gravity caused by either natural phenomena (or) human activity.
- 23. Causes
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