Hg 6e ch_03_lecture
Download as PPT, PDF0 likes769 views
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population geography including census, demographics, population dynamics, and population patterns. It discusses topics like population distribution, density, growth rates, age-sex pyramids, migration trends, and debates around sustainable development. The document aims to examine population issues at global, national, regional, and local scales.
![© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
[Insert Figure 3.A]
A New Sense of Identity, USA
Figure 3.A Mixed-race
Americans
Figure 3.B Mixed-race Americans, by region](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hg6ech03lecture-140531214450-phpapp01/85/Hg-6e-ch_03_lecture-6-320.jpg)
Hg 6e ch_03_lecture
- 1. Wendy A. Mitteager State University of New York, Oneonta Chapter 3 Lecture Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context Sixth Edition Population Geography
- 2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Concepts • Census • Demographics • Population Dynamics • Movement of Population • Population Patterns • Sustainable Development Figure 3.1 Biometric census taking in India, 2011
- 3. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Demography • Characteristics of a human population – Gender, race, age, income, disabilities, education, etc • Census – Vital records – Limitations Figure 3.2 Accuracy of the 1990 U.S. census Apply your knowledge: Give an example, other than the Iraq case, of how the census is more than just counting people.
- 4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Distribution Figure 3.3 World population density, 2010
- 5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Distribution, (cont'd) • Geographic reasons – Environmental & physical factors – Political & economic experiences – Cultural characteristics • Examine at many scales – Global, national, regional, metropolitan Figure 3.4 Population distribution of Egypt
- 6. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. [Insert Figure 3.A] A New Sense of Identity, USA Figure 3.A Mixed-race Americans Figure 3.B Mixed-race Americans, by region
- 7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Density and Composition • Crude (arithmetic) density • Nutritional density • Agricultural density Figure 3.5 Mexico City, a classic high-density urban settlement
- 8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Care Density Figure 3.6 Countries with a high proportion of old people face unique challenges. This map shows the ratio of physicians to the population by nation.
- 9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Age-Sex Pyramids • Shape of pyramid is dependent on proportion of people in each age cohort • Dependency ratio Figure 3.7 Population of Germany by age and sex, 2000
- 10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.8 Population Pyramids of Core and Peripheral Countries Age-Sex Pyramids, (cont'd) Apply your knowledge: Why do researchers divide the population of a country into youth, middle, and old-age cohorts? What do these categories indicate about the potential of a country's population?
- 11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Population • Baby Boom generation – Born 1946-1964 • Demographic, political, and economic factors – Suburbanization • Aging of the core countries • Impacts on younger Americans – The Net Generation Figure 3.D Improved health care leading to longer life expectancies
- 12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Population, (cont'd) Figure 3.9 U.S. baby boomers, 1960-2040
- 13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Birth (or Fertility) Rates • Crude birthrate (CBR) • Total fertility rate (TFR) • Doubling time Table 3.3 TFR provides more insight into the potential of a population
- 14. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Death (or Mortality) Rates • Crude death rate (CDR) • Infant mortality rate • Life expectancy Figure 3.12 World crude death rates, 2009 & 2010
- 15. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Death (or Mortality) Rates, (cont'd) Figure 3.14 World infant mortality rates 2009
- 16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.13 World Rates of Natural Increase, 2009
- 17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.15 HIV Infection, 2010 Apply your knowledge: How does the level of wealth of a country affect its ability to respond to health issues like HIV/AIDS, infant mortality, or life expectancy?
- 18. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Demographic Transition Theory Figure 3.16 Demographic transition model Figure 3.17 World trends in birth and death rates, 1775-2050
- 19. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Demographic Transition Theory, (cont'd) Apply your knowledge: Why would a country be concerned about its population being too small? What might a country gain by increasing or decreasing the birthrate?
- 20. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. • Voluntary migration – Guest workers – Undocumented workers • Forced migration • Refugees • Internally displaced persons (IDPs) Mobility and Migration • Emigration • Immigration • International & internal migration – Permanent & temporary • Gross & net migration • Push and pull factors
- 21. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd) Figure 3.18 Global voluntary migration, 2005
- 22. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd) • Great Recession and undocumented workers • Transnational migrants • Eco-migration Figure 3.19 Controversy surrounds immigration over the U.S./Mexico border. The Samaritans' mission is to end immigration related death and suffering.
- 23. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.E Internally displaced persons, 2007 Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
- 24. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd) Figure 3.21 Iraqi diaspora before 2003 and since Figure 3.22 Palestinian refugees in the Middle East
- 25. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Mobility and Migration, (cont'd) Figure 3.23 Changing demographic center of the U.S. 1790-2010 Figure 3.24 U.S. Rustbelt -- where population was impacted by the movement of corporations
- 26. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Debates and Policies • Population and Resources – Malthus – Neo-Malthusians • Population policy Figure 3.29 Educating girls in Afghanistan Figure 3.27 World population projections
- 27. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Population Issues • Sustainable Development • Gender Issues • Neoliberalism Apply your knowledge: What do you consider to be the most pressing issue with respect to global population growth? Why?
- 28. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Future Geographies • 2011 population: nearly 7 billion • Projected to increase – 9.3 billion by 2050 – Core vs. periphery growth • What will happen in the future? – How will urban systems keep up? Figure 3.31 Shanghai, China: one of the world's largest cities at 14 million
- 29. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End of Chapter 3