Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence
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The document discusses the current state, benefits, and drawbacks of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). It highlights how IoT integrates various technologies to create smart environments but raises concerns regarding privacy, security, and moral implications. Additionally, it addresses the future implications of AI and IoT, including potential job displacement and the need for policy adaptations.
Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence
- 1. Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence Irem Gokce Yildirim & Bingzhe Li MI850 - SS17
- 2. OUTLINE Current State of IoT Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT What could go wrong with IoT Future of IoT What is AI? How People View AI Evolution without us – Will AI kill us? Is AI a good solution? Argumentations on AI Internet of Things & Artificial Intelligence
- 3. Internet of Things Irem Gokce Yildirim
- 4. Current State of IoT What is IoT? ❏ Integration of several technologies and communications solutions ❏ Result of synergetic activities conducted in different fields of knowledge, such as telecommunications, informatics, electronics and social science (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 6. (Source of image: Walport, 2014)
- 7. Current State of IoT What is IoT? ❏ IoT is pervasive presence around us of a variety of things or objects which, through unique addressing schemes, are able to interact with each other and cooperate with their neighbors to reach common goals (as cited in Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010). (Source of image: http://dailym.ai/2b3nkfg)
- 8. Current State of IoT What is IoT? ❏ Mark Weiser, the forefather of Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp), defined a smart environment as “the physical world that is richly and invisibly interwoven with sensors, actuators, displays, and computational elements, embedded seamlessly in the everyday objects of our lives, and connected through a continuous network” (as cited in Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013,). (Source of image: http://dailym.ai/2b3nkfg)
- 9. Current State of IoT How It Is Integrated into Our Lives ❏ Identification and tracking technologies (e.g. Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, mobile phones) ❏ Wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks (e.g. sensor for environmental conditions like temperature) ❏ Enhanced communication protocols (e.g. shared with the Next Generation Internet) ❏ Distributed intelligence for smart objects are just the most relevant (e.g. wearables, devices) (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 14. Current State of IoT Are We Getting Along with IoT? ❏ The Internet revolution led to the interconnection between people at an unprecedented scale and pace. ❏ People centric (or participatory) sensing platforms ❏ Body Area Network (BAN), wearables ❏ Cloud Computing ❏ Adapted well before IoT ❏ International activities (Internet of Things European Research Cluster, IoT Initiative) (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013,)
- 17. Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT Lock Us Up or Let Us Free? (Howard, 2015) (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 18. Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT Benefits of IoT? ❏ Domestic Context ❏ Domotics (home automation) ❏ Assisted living (robotic technology in life) ❏ home monitoring system for elderly care, ❏ E-health (health tracking, alerts, notifications) ❏ Enhanced learning (distributed, adaptive systems and methodologies, dynamic intervention) ❏ Improved user experience (hidden technology) (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010; Nussbaum, 2006)
- 19. Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT Benefits of IoT? ❏ Working Context ❏ Automation ❏ Industrial manufacturing ❏ Logistics ❏ Business/process management ❏ Intelligent transportation ❏ Improved design quality of products (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 20. Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT Drawbacks of IoT? ❏ Higher degree of smartness by enabling their adaptation and autonomous behavior, while guaranteeing ❏ trust? ❏ privacy? ❏ information security? (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 21. Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT Drawbacks of IoT? ❏ Keeping Track and Watching Over Us ❏ dataveillance ❏ Implantable transponder chips (Pet-ID, people with chronic diseases) ❏ The use of RFID in supply side inventory management (tracking goods along distribution) EFFECTIVENESS > PRIVACY? (Nissenbaum 2009)
- 22. What could go wrong with IoT? Current Flaws ❏ Architecture ❏ Network issues: ❏ Traffic ❏ Scalability ❏ Energy Efficiency Sensing ❏ Secure reprogrammable networks and privacy ❏ Protocols ❏ Leading controversies on ethical/moral aspects of applications (implantable chips) (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 23. What could go wrong with IoT? Current Flaws ❏ Context-aware computing has proven to be successful in understanding sensor data (Perera et al.,, 2014). HOWEVER; ❏ The flow of information in a given context (norms) ❏ The sender and the recipient (roles) ❏ The types of information and the principles under which the information is sent or transmitted from the sender to recipient (activities). (Nissenbaum 2009) CONTEXT AWARENESS -> VIOLATION of PRIVACY
- 24. What could go wrong with IoT? Incidents May Happen/ed ❏ Risks of harm, even death (Schneier, 2017) ❏ On the internet, attack is easier than defense ❏ ... ❏ Hypothetical Stage: ❏ How should a self-driving car be programmed to react in an accident if there's a chance only one of two lives can be saved? ❏ What if robotic vacuum cleaner sucks up insects?(Carr, 2014)
- 25. What could go wrong with IoT? Possible Consequences / Future Threats ❏ Architecture ❏ Network issues: ❏ Scalability ❏ Energy Efficiency ❏ Security ❏ Protocols ❏ Automating moral choices (Carr, 2014) All are already mentioned by Weiser in 1985. (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 26. ❏ 20 billion connected devices by 2020 (Gartner, 2015) ❏ Smart cities (Zanella et al., 2014) ❏ Human centric ubicomp which makes use of human creativity in exploiting the environment and extending their capabilities (e.g. agricultural production, environmental restoration or retailing) (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013). Future of IoT Further Applications (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 27. Future of IoT Social Challenges ❏ Less labor work due to automation ❏ Trust issues ❏ Effects on efficiency/productivity ❏ Changes in moral/ethical values (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)
- 28. Future of IoT Policy Challenges ❏ Standardization ❏ Data Ownership ❏ Object Name Servers (ONS) ❏ Authentication ❏ Data integrity ❏ Privacy ❏ Digital forgetting (right to be forgotten) ❏ Legislations on Data Monitoring/Access ❏ Stability in Cyberdeterrence ❏ Technology over Governments ❏ Governments over Tech ❏ Technology over Civilians …. ❏ Roaming Charges (Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010; Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013; Weber,
- 29. (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013,)
- 30. Future of IoT SWOT Analysis of IoT (Dutton, 2014)
- 31. Future of IoT Disappearing/Invisible Computer Most of the computers that participate in embodied virtuality will be invisible in fact as well as in metaphor. Already computers in light switches, thermostats, stereos and ovens help to activate the world. These machines and more will be interconnected in a ubiquitous network. As computer scientists, however, my colleagues and I have focused on devices that transmit and display information more directly. We have found two issues of crucial importance: location and scale. Little is more basic to human perception than physical juxtaposition, and so ubiquitous computers must know where they are. (Today's computers, in contrast, have no idea of their location and surroundings.) If a computer merely knows what room it is in, it can adapt its behavior in significant ways without requiring even a hint of artificial intelligence. (Weiser, 1991)
- 33. The Turing Test - What is AI ? Artificial Intelligence (AI) Usually defined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans. AI has had some success in limited, or simplified, domains. - Famous Argument - The Chinese Room
- 34. How people view AI ? From two TED Talks
- 35. Jay Tuck - CCTV - Privacy - Analysis - Weapon (Talon,2007) - Out of control incident - Medical - Tumor recognition
- 36. Fabian Westerheide - AI is eating our world - We should be happy - Machines were built to enhance our muscle. - Machines are taking job like packaging. - AI is going to take “People job” - Rapid growth
- 37. Fabian Westerheide - AI is eating our world - We should be happy - Machines were built to enhance our muscle. - Machines are taking job like packaging. - AI is going to take “People job” - Rapid growth
- 38. (Bench-Capon & Dunne, 2007) - Technology grow in rapid way. We are building industries and jobs around it. - AI creates another solution for human future-people might be better off doing other works.
- 39. To Sum Up - Fear of AI - Come from the Unknown of the future - Jobs, - Not far in the future, yet can not foresee.
- 40. References Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer networks, 54(15), 2787-2805. Bench-Capon, T. J., & Dunne, P. E. (2007). Argumentation in artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence, 171(10-15), 619-641. Carr, N. (2014). The Glass Cage: Automation and Us (1st ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. Carr, N. (2014). Nicholas Carr: "The Glass Cage: Automation and Us" | Talks at Google. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt8ooCms4sE Dutton, W. (2014). Putting things to work: social and policy challenges for the Internet of things. Info, 16(3), 1-21. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), 1645-1660. Howard, P. N. (2015). Pax Technica: How the Internet of things may set us free or lock us up. Yale University Press. Nussbaum, G. (2006). People with disabilities: assistive homes and environments. Computers Helping People with Special Needs, 457-460. Nissenbaum, H. (2009). Privacy in context: Technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford University Press. Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Context aware computing for the internet of things: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(1), 414-454. Stamford, C., (November 10, 2015). Gartner Says 6.4 Billion Connected "Things" Will Be in Use in 2016, Up 30 Percent From 2015. Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3165317 Schneier, B. (2017, Jan 27). Click Here to Kill Everyone. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/01/the-internet-of-things-dangerous-future-bruce-schneier.html Walport, M. (2014). The Internet of Things: making the most of the Second Digital Revolution. London: UK Government Office for Science. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/409774/14-1230-internet-of-things-review.pdf Weber, R. H. (2010). Internet of Things–New security and privacy challenges. Computer law & security review, 26(1), 23-30. Weiser, M. (1991). The computer for the 21st century. Scientific american, 265(3), 94-104. Weiser, M., Gold, R., & Brown, J. S. (1999). The origins of ubiquitous computing research at PARC in the late 1980s. IBM systems journal, 38(4), 693-696. Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1), 22-32.