Introduction of process control
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This document defines process control and its key components. Process control regulates variables to produce a product of desired quality and quantity efficiently. It involves inputs like mass or energy applied to a process, and outputs like the delivered product. Control is achieved through elements like control valves, transmitters, and primary measuring elements. There are different types of control including continuous, sequential, and batch. Feedback can be positive, reinforcing errors, or negative, minimizing errors to the extent possible depending on the controller algorithm.
Introduction of process control
- 2. Process • It is defined as:- • Physical or chemical change of matter. • Energy conversion • E.g, change in pressure, temperature, speed, electrical, potential, etc. • A process in a collection of vessels, pipes, fitting, gauges etc. is built for the purpose of producing product or group of products.
- 3. Process control • The regulation or manipulation of variables influencing the conduct of a process in such a way as to obtain a product of desired quality and quantity in an efficient manner.
- 4. • Input to process: Mass or energy applied to the process. • Output of process: The product delivered by the process. This is a dynamic variable. • Supply: Source of mass energy input to process. • Control Valve: Consists of the final actuator and final controlling elements. This is the forward controlling elements which directly changes the value of the manipulated variable. • Load: Anything that affects the value of the controlled variable under a constant supply input
- 5. • Open Loop: Control without feedback. Open loop can not cope upsets. Example of open of open loop. Automatic dishwasher, automatic water sprinkling system, a control loop with the controller in manual. • Primary Element: The measuring element that quantitatively converts the measured variable energy into a from suitable for measurement. • Transmitter: A transducer which responds to a measured variable by means of a sensing element, and converts it to a standardized transmission signal which is a function only of the measured variable.
- 6. Types of control:- • Continuous • Sequential • Batch (1) Continuous: Continuous control is used on continuous process. (2) Sequential: Sequential is often referred to as ON/Off control. (3) Batch: Batch control is a combination of sequential and continuous control.
- 7. • Positive Feedback: It can be defined as the control action in which the error is reinforced until a limit is eventually reaches. • Negative Feedback: It can be defined as the control action in which the error is minimized made as small as possible, depending on the algorithm of the controller.
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