Никита Корчагин - Introduction to Apple iOS Development.
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This document provides a history of iOS and an introduction to iOS development. It discusses: - The evolution of iOS from 2007 to the present, including the releases of iPhone OS 1-3, iOS 4-10, and their new features. - How to get started with iOS development, which requires an Intel-based Mac, Xcode, an Apple developer account, and knowledge of Objective-C or Swift. - The key differences between desktop and mobile development, such as touchscreens, cameras, location services, and more limited resources on mobile. - Following Apple's Human Interface Guidelines and designing intuitive user interfaces for different devices.
Никита Корчагин - Introduction to Apple iOS Development.
- 1. Introduction to Apple iOS development Nikita Korchagin
- 2. Introduction to Apple Platforms development Nikita Korchagin Apple platforms engineer
- 3. Developer
- 4. Developer
- 6. Today •Introduction •Brief history of iOS and Apple devices •Starting iOS programming •iOS development •Desktop vs. Mobile: what’s different •Human Interface Guidelines •Further steps: materials to read
- 7. iOS History: from past to present
- 8. 2007 - iPhone OS 1 • Based on Darwin’s (XNU) kernel port for ARM • Multitouch screen • Few standard applications • iPhone 1st gen and iPod Touch 1st gen • Web-based applications only • No multitasking • No SDK • Usage of private APIs by third-party developers
- 9. 2008 - iPhone OS 2 •Paid update (all further major and minor updates are free) •First version of iPhone SDK •Xcode IDE for iOS development •App Store for iPhone and iPod Touch •iPod Touch 2G released
- 10. 2009 - iPhone OS 3 •Lots of UI & functionality improvements (100+) •Spotlight search •Push notifications •In-app purchase •Core Data •«Find my iPhone» functionality
- 11. January 2010 - iPhone OS 3.2 •iPad released •iPhone OS SDK provides abilities to create universal applications •iPad applications should support multiple device orientations •iPad-only UI components - Split view controllers, windowed modal controllers, popover controllers •Backward compatibility with iPhone applications
- 12. June 2010 - WWDC - iOS 4 •iPhone OS became iOS •iPhone 4 with Retina display •Support of restricted multitasking •Background execution of applications •Blocks and Grand Central Dispatch •Local notifications •Game Center and Game Kit
- 13. June 2011 - WWDC - iOS 5 •Wireless updates & sync •iCloud •Notification center •Siri •Containment API •Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) •Twitter integration out-of-box •Newsstand API •Core Image
- 14. June 2012 - WWDC - iOS 6 •Apple Maps •Collection views •AutoLayout •Facebook integration •Passbook •New App Store
- 15. June 2013 - WWDC - iOS 7 •iOS redesigned (flat UI, no skeuomorphism) •iTunes Radio •Multitasking improvements •New application switcher •Filters for camera •Automatic applications’ updates
- 16. June 2014 - WWDC - iOS8 •No significant design changes •Multiple screen resolutions •HomeKit and HealthKit, Metal •Continuity •Energy consumption by apps •Swift programming language
- 17. June 2015 - WWDC - iOS9 •Multitasking (Slide Over, Split View, and Picture in Picture.) •Search API •GameplayKit, ReplayKit, Model I/O •App Thinning •Swift 2 •watchOS 2 (app extensions)*
- 18. June 2016 - WWDC - iOS10 •SiriKit, CallKit, Messages extensions •Proactive Suggestions •Video Subscriber Account (SSO) •Swift 3 •macOS Sierra •watchOS 3 •tvOS (9 september 2015)*, UIKit/TVML
- 19. How to start to develop for iOS?
- 20. Jedi way •Intel-based Mac (Mac Mini, MacBook Air/Pro, iMac, Mac Pro) •Installed macOS •Xcode with latest iOS SDK •Apple device (iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad/ watch/ TV)* •Apple Developer program account ($99 per 1 year)* •Good knowledge of design patterns •Objective-C and Swift knowledge OR •Relevant experience in C or any strong-typed object-oriented language like Java/C#/C++
- 21. Alternative ways •Alternative IDE - AppCode (Mac, still requires Xcode to be installed) •Objective-C++ (kernel - C++, UI - Objective-C) •PhoneGap/Titanium (cross-platform) •Xamarin (.NET/C# - compiles to native code) •C++ Marmalade SDK for Visual Studio •Unity3D/Cocos2D-x for game development •HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript for web applications
- 22. Objective-C
- 23. •Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. •Originally developed in the early 1980s, it was selected as the main language used by NeXT for its NeXTSTEP operating system. •Objective-C is a thin layer on top of C, and moreover is a strict superset of C. Objective-C
- 24. •All of the syntax for non-object-oriented operations (including primitive variables, pre-processing, expressions, function declarations, and function calls) are identical to that of C. •Syntax for object-oriented features is an implementation of Smalltalk-style messaging. •It is the main programming language used by Apple until 2014. •Still strong and alive… Objective-C
- 26. Swift
- 27. •Swift is a multi-paradigm, compiled programming language created by Apple Inc. for iOS and OS X development. •Swift was introduced at Apple's 2014 WWDC and Swift 3 at WWDC 2016. •Initially a proprietary language, Swift 2 became open source supporting iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, Linux, freeBSD, Raspberry Pi, Android and Windows. •Swift supports the core concepts that made Obj-C flexible, notably dynamic dispatch, widespread late binding, extensible programming and similar features. Swift
- 28. •It uses the Objective-C runtime, allowing C, Objective-C, C++ and Swift code to run within a single program. •Swift has added the concept of protocol extensibility, an extensibility system that can be applied to types, structs and classes, Apple promotes this as a real change in programming paradigms they refer to as protocol-oriented programming. •Going Server-side with Swift Open Source (#1 on GitHub) •Swift@IBM Breaking down barriers between client and server all over the world (Kitura framework, Sandbox, Bluemix) Swift
- 31. What’s different? •Multitouch display & gestures •Front and rear camera •Speakers and microphone •Location subsystem - GPS/GLONASS •Magnetometer and compass •G-sensor and accelerometer •Bluetooth accessories
- 32. Network •Variants of connection •GPRS •EDGE •3G/4G •WiFi •All these opportunities (except WiFi) are connection- lost-prone •Cellular network connection is expensive
- 33. Screens •Fullscreen applications •Bigger UI elements for fingers •Dark colors to reduce energy consumption •Different resolutions (x1, x2 and x3) •Assets for different resolutions •Ergonomics
- 34. Resources •Every heavy application dramatically drains battery’s life •Geolocation - GPS •Networking •Disk capacity is limited (8/16/32/64/… GB and no SD/ microSD slot) •Restricted multitasking (full introduced in iOS 7) •Only a few types of content are supported •UI is rendered using real-time thread and shouldn’t be blocked ever
- 35. Security mechanisms •Sandboxing - every application is isolated and runs under restricted user’s account («jailed») •IPC is limited to URL schemas and extensions •Personal data and passwords should be encrypted (Keychain) or not stored on the device at all •HTTPS connections are preferred*; certificate validation is needed •Data on disk can be encrypted and protected by iOS •Group policies can be established for iOS devices using configuration profiles
- 36. Creating and submitting the app •Application should be tested thoroughly; crashes are forbidden •Application should follow Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines •Private API usage is forbidden •Application can be deployed only to the device which is in the provisioning list •Application’s binary is signed using developer’s private key •Application is thoroughly tested during review process
- 38. HIG
- 39. HIG
- 40. HIG
- 41. HIG
- 42. Bad UI/UX
- 43. Bad UI/UX
- 44. Bad UI/UX
- 45. Bad UI/UX
- 47. Accessibility
- 48. Good UI/UX
- 49. Interface Builder HIG support
- 50. flat UI vs. skeuomorphism
- 51. Further steps
- 52. Q&A
- 53. Thanks for your attention!