Introduction to broadband ecosystem lecture.ppt

Broadband Ecosystem
MIE 213
Prepared by:
Suramya Sharma Dahal

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•Introduction to Broadband Ecosystem
Broadband service, impact of broadband service in national economy,applications,devices, current
state of broadband –globally and in Nepal
•Broadband Technologies
Broadband Access Technologies: Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL, HDSL, RADSL, VDSL, G.lite)
Cable Modem Service -Headend and regional network architecture (Cable Modem Termination
System – CMTS, Hybrid Fiber Coax networks – HFC)
Optical Fiber-based Networks - Passive Optical Network (PON) architecture (Optical line
termination, optical network terminals)
Fixed and Mobile WiMAX- Architecture,Standards (IEEE 802.15, 802.16),Services
Comparison of broadband access techniques
•Broadband Policy
Need for a broadband policy-global trends in broadband policy formulation and case of Nepal,
contents of a typical broadband policy.
•National Broadband Networks
Global trends in Construction of National Broadband Network-the rationale and the funding
mechanism, case of Australia and Nepal
•Contents and Applications
What is the importance of contents and applications in the sustainability of broadband service
provisioning? What are the current killer applications for broadband services-typical cases of
developed, developing and least developed countries, brief introduction to various contents and
applications-such as e-health, m-health, e-education, entertainment, communications, e-
commerce etc. as examples

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•Business Models
What is a business model? Why business model is so important in broadband service
provisioning- concept of sustainable business model. Urban business model, rural
business model
•Broadband and Economic Growth
How does broadband have impact on economic growth-study and research conclusions
•The Way Forward
Analysis of the Global trends and lessons for Nepal
References:
•Fixed broadband wireless system design ,Harry R. Anderson,John Wiley and Sons, 2003
•Microwave Transmission Networks, Second Edition,HarveyLehpamer, McGraw Hill
•Broadband Communication Systems by Cajetan M. Akujuobi and Matthew N.O. Sadiku
2007, Chapman and Hall/CRC
•Applicable internet based materials will be used

Overview
 What is Broadband?
 Economic and Social Benefits
 Current state of Broadband (Globally)
 Current state of Broadband (Nepal)
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What is Broadband?
 Broadband has different meanings for different people.
 In general, broadband refers to telecommunication in which a
wide band of frequencies is available to transmit information.
 Because a wide band of frequencies is available, information
can be multiplexed and sent on many different frequencies or
channels within the band concurrently, allowing more
information to be transmitted in a given amount of time.
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What is Broadband?
1st
 ITU and OECD(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development) have defined broadband as a capacity of at least 256
kbps in the uplink or downlink speed.
2nd
 The Broadband Commission for Digital Development has defined
broadband using a cluster of concepts, as high-speed Internet
access which is always-on and capable of multiple service provision
simultaneously.
3rd
 Focus on capability, not speed.
 Broadband is enough two-way transmission capacity and speed to
allow interactive high quality full-motion video, data and voice
applications simultaneously via one “pipe”.
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What is Broadband?
 The “pipe” or medium can be coaxial cable, optical
fiber, twisted pair, or wireless broadband (wireless
broadband includes Mobile broadband).
 Broadband usually refers to high-speed internet
connections.
 Broadband access is different from dial-up access, in
that broadband connections are typically ON all the time,
compared to "dialing" in on a phone line to an Internet
Service Provider.
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Why Broadband?
 Policy-makers may be skeptical that broadband can
actually deliver benefits.
 If an economy must struggle to provide even the most
basic services to its citizens, why should it worry about
broadband access?
 Will this really drive my economy or just make Internet
connections faster?
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Broadband Applications
 With the advent of broadband technologies- applications
become possible or are enhanced beyond their current
capabilities with dial-up Internet access.
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Telemedicine Utility Applications (meter
reading, remote monitoring,
etc.)
Teleworking
E-Government
Agriculture Small Business Assistance
Distance Learning Information Gathering
Public Safety Tourism
National Security E-Commerce
Applications for Persons
with Disabilities
Entertainment

Benefits of Broadband
 Broadband is an accelerator of economic and social
development.
 Current generation technologies do not meet the high
bandwidth requirements for emerging applications that
combine voice, video and data.
 The introduction of broadband technologies, including
but not limited to DSL, fiber, satellite, and fixed and
mobile wireless, has enabled traditional and new forms
of communication to become a reality throughout the
world.
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 Increase Worker Productivity
 Job Creation
 Efficiencies in the Distribution of
 Goods
 Services
 Information
 Can reduce the challenges of low population density and
physical remoteness from the cities.
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 More Efficient/ Increases Access to “Basic” services like
Healthcare, Education
 Bundled services (voice, video, data) enable operators to
offer more services at lower prices
 Helps Bridge the Digital Divide.
 The gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information
and communications technology, and those that don't or have restricted access.
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How do people access Broadband
 People access broadband by a number of methods, but they are
typically either "wired" or "wireless“.
 Wired service are: Cable Lines (coaxial, twisted pair), Telephone
Lines, and Fiber.
 Wireless service can be broken down to fixed wireless and mobile or
cellular wireless.
 Fixed wireless usually means that you receive your signal over-the-air, but to a
fixed or static location, such as an antenna mounted on your roof.
 Mobile or Cellular wireless usually refers to cellular phones or other handheld
devices that are by definition "mobile" and can travel easily from place to place.
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Current State (Globally)
Fixed (wired)-broadband
 Priority in Infrastructure deployment providing access to broadband
Internet is reflected in the continuous growth in the number of
mobile-and fixed-broadband subscriptions worldwide.
 In 2014, fixed-broadband subscriptions reached a total of 711 million
globally, corresponding to a penetration rate of almost 10 per cent
(220 million and 3.4 per cent in 2005).
 In most developed countries, fixed-broadband penetration has
already reached relatively mature levels, with a penetration of 27.5
per cent and continuous low growth, at around 3.5 per cent in 2014.
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 In developing countries, fixed-broadband penetration growth rates
have dropped from 18 per cent in 2011 to an overall (low)
penetration rate of 6 per cent by end 2014,
 In LDC’s the growth is less than 1 per cent.
 This slowdown in/low growth of fixed-broadband subscriptions,
despite low penetration, coincides with a strong growth in mobile-
broadband subscriptions in the developing world.
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Chart. Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014
(left) and by region, 2014 (right)
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 A closer look at different regions shows that Africa, the Arab States
and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) are the regions
with double-digit fixed-broadband penetration growth rates.
 Americas region displays the lowest growth in fixed broadband,
estimated at 2.5 per cent and reaching a penetration rate of around
17 per cent by end 2014.
 Asia and the Pacific stands out as a region registering relatively low
fixed-broadband penetration (7.7 per cent) and a sharp decline in
the growth of fixed broadband over the past four years.
 This has been mostly due to a slowdown in fixed-broadband growth
in some of the larger economies, such as China, India, the Islamic
Republic of Iran and Malaysia.
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 Europe’s fixed-broadband penetration is much higher compared with
other regions and almost three times as high as the global average:
27.7 percent and 9.8 per cent, respectively.
 For example, Switzerland is the country with the highest fixed-
broadband penetration worldwide, at 40 per cent in 2014.
 The Arab States region stands out with a low fixed-broadband
penetration of 3.1 per cent by end 2014.
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 However, fixed-wireless broadband is prominent in some of the
countries of the region.
 In Comoros, Somalia and Yemen, for example, no mobile-
broadband services are available, but fixed-wireless and satellite
services are offered.
 In Saudi Arabia, 30 per cent of all wireless-broadband subscriptions
are fixed-wireless and satellite subscriptions.
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Mobile-broadband markets
 Mobile broadband remains the fastest growing market segment, with
continuous double-digit growth rates in 2014 and an estimated
global penetration of 32 per cent – four times the penetration rate
recorded just five years earlier.
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Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left)
and by region, 2014 (right)

 Mobile broadband is growing fastest in developing countries, where
growth rates over the last year are expected to be twice as high as
in developed countries (26 per cent, as against 11.5 per cent).
 This is driven by the availability and uptake of more affordable
devices (smartphones) and types of plan on offer in the market.
 Nevertheless, the divide between developed and developing
countries remains huge: mobile-broadband penetration will reach 84
per cent in the former compared with 21 per cent in the latter.
 The high penetration in developed countries is partly due to very
high uptake in populous countries such as the United States and
Japan, where penetration rates reached 93 per cent and 120 per
cent, respectively, at end 2013.
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 Africa stands out with a growth rate of over 40 per cent – twice as
high as the global average.
 By end 2014, mobile-broadband penetration in Africa will have
climbed to almost 20 per cent, up from less than 2 per cent four
years earlier.
 This is partly explained by strong growth in populous countries such
as Nigeria and South Africa, where mobile-broadband penetration
reached 37 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively, by end 2013.
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 A closer look at the diferent mobile technologies and their market
shares highlights the shift from lower-speed to higher-speed
technologies over the past 15 years.
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Share of mobile subscriptions by technology, 2000-2015, developed
countries (left) and developed countries (right).

 In developed countries, 3G subscriptions overtook 2G subscriptions
in 2010 and 3G growth is fattening.
 In developing countries, the large majority of subscriptions are still
2G, but 3G is growing rapidly and will overtake 2G subscriptions in a
few years.
 4G services came onto the market only recently and 4G
subscriptions still account for only a small market share, in both
developed and developing countries.
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 In developed countries, fixed-broadband infrastructure and services
were available much earlier than in most developing countries, and
before fast mobile-broadband services and smartphones entered the
market.
 This has contributed to the higher uptake of fixed broadband in
developed countries.
 In developing countries, by contrast, on account of the limited fixed-
broadband infrastructure and the lack of affordable fixed-broadband
service offerings, mobile-broadband services are increasingly
becoming an alternative to fixed broadband, and indeed the
preferred choice of consumers.
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 Furthermore, the mobile market has benefited from a more liberal
regulatory approach than the fixed market, further contributing to its
successful growth (ITU, 2014).
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 It should be noted that the numbers of fixed- and mobile-broadband
subscriptions are, strictly speaking, not comparable.
 Fixed-broadband connections are mostly shared connections and
deployed to a (physical) building (belonging to, for example,
households, cybercafés, businesses or other public and private
organizations).
 Mobile-broadband subscriptions are not bound by physical
connections and usually refer to individuals, and – in the same way
as with mobile-cellular subscriptions – there is a certain amount of
double counting involved, for example when people use multiple
devices (e.g. smartphone, tablet) and SIM cards.
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 Looking towards the future, the growth potential for mobile
broadband looks promising, as more and more countries upgrade
their mobile networks.
 As mentioned earlier, 2G population coverage stands at over 90 per
cent worldwide.
 Data on 3G population coverage are less available.
 According to ITU estimates, global 3G population coverage stood at
around 50 per cent by end 2012, and there were still sizeable rural-
urban gaps.
 Rural population coverage ranged from 100 per cent in the Gulf
countries of United Arab Emirates and Bahrain to zero in some
African countries.
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 These numbers are, however, expected to change signifcantly in the
near future, as more and more countries are deploying 3G+
technologies and services, and given the strong growth in mobile-
broadband subscriptions.
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Current State (Nepal)
 Asia and the Pacific is most diverse region in terms of ICT
development.
 At the top of the regional ranking are the Republic of Korea, Hong
Kong (China), Japan, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand and
Macao (China).
 All rank in the top 25 on the global IDI.
 20 countries lie below the IDI global average, and 12 of them fall
short of the developing-country average (3.84).
 Most of these countries make up the Asia-Pacific’s Low Cost
Country (LCCs): Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Lao
P.D.R., Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Solomon Islands.
 The world’s most populous country, China, ranks in 12th position in
the region, with an IDI value of 4.64.
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IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-
country averages, Asia and the Pacific, 2013

 Nepal achieved a mobile-cellular penetration rate of 71 per cent in
2013, up from 60 per cent in 2012.
 Nepal is included in the list of countries having very low levels of
international Internet connectivity with less than 4000 bit/s per
Internet user along with other landlocked countries like Afghanistan
and Bhutan.
 Nepal along with Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar
and Solomon Islands have no more than 5 per cent of households
have internet access at home.
 Whereas, virtually all households in the Republic of Korea (98 per
cent) enjoy this facility.
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 There were 1.2 billion people from the Asia and the Pacific region
online by end 2013.
 This includes around 600 million Chinese and 200 million Indian
Internet users. Comparing the two, the proportion of the population
using the Internet is much higher in China (44 per cent) than India
(15 per cent).
 India has one of the lowest rates in the region (and globally)
 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan and Solomon Islands recorded a lower proportion of
Internet users.
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