Introduction to Cloud Computing

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• XaaS
Cloud
Computing
• HPC
Grid
Computing
• SOA
• Web 2.0
Web
services
• LAN
• MAN
Networks
• Internet
working
Internet
• Servers
• storages
Virtualization
• Within
organization
Cluster
Computing
Evolution of Cloud Computing

cloud computing
“Cloud” the default
symbol of Internet
The use or operations of
Computers
The practice of using a network of remote servers
hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process
data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.

Distributed Computing Cloud Computing
The goal of distributed computing is to
provides a collaborative resource sharing
by users.
It strives to provide administrative
scalability, size scalability, and
geographical scalability.
The goal of Cloud Computing is
delivering services in an on-demand
environment achieving increased
scalability, transparency, security,
monitoring and management.
Distributed Computing is classified into 3
types:
• Distributed Information Systems
• Distributed Pervasive Systems
• Distributed Computing Systems
Cloud Computing is classified into 4
different types of Cloud offerings:
• Private Cloud
• Public Cloud E.g. Google Drive,
Microsoft OneDrive
• Community Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
A task is distributed amongst available
computers for computational functions
using Remote Method Invocation (RMI) or
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).
The on-demand network model is used
to provide the necessary access to the
shared pool of configurable computing
resources.

Search
Email
Productivity
Apps
Social
Networking
Infrastructure
on Demand
Backup
Media sharing Business Apps
Management Apps
Mobile Services
Location-Based
Services
Storage
on
Demand
Platform
on Demand
Cloud Computing Means Many
Different Things To Different People
“Everything as a Service”

Cloud computing is a model for enabling
- ubiquitous,
- convenient,
- on demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction.
-- NIST.
Definitions

Cloud Computing Technology
• Cloud Computing Technology (CCT) is available at the
remote area and can provide benefits over the system or
internet.
• 4 types of Cloud Computing Technologies:
A. Virtualization
B. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
C. Grid Computing
D. Utility Computing

Virtualization
• Creation of virtual resource such as the desktop
operating system, physical storage into virtual form.
• Also manages workload by transforming traditional
computing, to make it more scalable.
• We can apply it to a wide range of system layers.
– hardware level virtualizations
– server virtualizations
– storage virtualization
– operating system level virtualization
• One of the major uses of virtualization is to provide the
application with a standard version of the cloud clients.

SOA
• Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a group of
services, which can transfer data within each other.
• This data transfer can be either simple data processing
or some activities.
• does not depend on other services.
• also known as application structure, which divides the
business application into particular business
procedures and functions.
• It places the commitment and expenses of deployment.
• Reduced cost of programming advancements and
conveyance due to fragmentation reuse.

Grid Computing
• a distributed computing resource to accomplish a
common goal.
• Connected by parallel nodes that form a computer
cluster and runs on an operating system. It is a
distributed system with non-interactive workloads
including a large number of files.
• The cluster can be either a small work station or a large
network.
• Uses: ATM banking, back-end infrastructure, and
scientific marketing research.
• We can make grid computing with the help of the
application, which can use for computation problem.

Community
Cloud
Private
Cloud
Public Cloud
Hybrid Clouds
Deployment
Models
Service
Models
Essential
Characteristics
Common
Characteristics
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Resource Pooling
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On Demand Self-Service
Low Cost Software
Virtualization Service Orientation
Advanced Security
Homogeneity
Massive Scale Resilient Computing
Geographic Distribution
The NIST Cloud Definition Framework

• On-Demand Self-Service:
• Completely automated
• Users abstracted from the implementation
• Near real-time delivery (seconds or minutes)
• Services accessed through a self-serve web interface
Essential characteristics

• Broad Network Access:
• Open standards and APIs
• Almost always IP, HTTP, and REST
• Available from anywhere with an internet connection

• Rapid Elasticity:
• Resources dynamically-allocated between users
• Additional resources dynamically-released when needed
• Fully automated

• Resource Pooling:
• Resources are drawn from a common pool
• Common resources build economies of scale
• Common infrastructure runs at high efficiency

• Measured services:
– Services are metered, like a utility
– Users pay only for services used
– Services can be cancelled at any time

• What is “as a service”?
– cloud product (whether infrastructure, platforms or software) is
offered in a way that it can be “rented” by consumers over the
Internet.
– “Rented” means you pay only for whatever you use.
– an “on demand” service because it is available whenever,
wherever, on any device
– Two immediate advantages to the as-a-service model
1. Less up-front costs
2. a greater level of easy scalability.
as a service

Some services

Cloud services

• SaaS – BigCommerce,
Google Apps, Salesforce,
Dropbox, DocuSign, Slack
• PaaS – AWS Elastic
Beanstalk, Heroku, Windows
Azure, OpenShift, Apache
Stratos
• IaaS – AWS EC2, Rackspace,
Google Compute Engine
(GCE), Digital Ocean, IBM
Hadoop
Some examples

Deployment models

– The services are delivered to client via the
Internet from the third party service provider.
– Example :Amazon, Google AppEngine
XaaS (anything as a Service)
Public
Cloud
PUBLIC CLOUD

– The services are managed and provided within
the organization.
– There are less restriction on network bandwidth,
fewer security exposures and other legal
requirements compare to the public cloud
– Example : HP Data Centers
PRIVATE CLOUD

– Combination of services provided from public and
private Clouds
– Example:
» ERP in Private cloud
» Sales and Email on public
HYBRID CLOUD

– shared by several organizations.
– managed by the organizations or a third party and
may exist on premise or off premise.
COMMUNITY CLOUD

Cloud benefits

SaaS
– Salesforce
– Slack
– Zoom
IaaS
– DigitalOcean
– IBM
– Datarium
Cloud Services
PaaS
– Acquia
– Amazon AWS
– Heroku
File Sharing and Storage
– Dropbox
– Egnyte
– Google Drive

Big Data Analytics
– Spins
– Collibra
– Civis Analytics
Data Governance and Cybersecurity
– Forcepoint
– Palo Alto N/W
– Carbonite
Analytics as a Service

– Salesforce.com
– Amazon Web Services
– Microsoft Azure
– Google Cloud Platform
– IBM Cloud
– Adobe Creative Cloud
– Facebook
– Yahoo
– Oracle Cloud
Cloud Service Providers

– CRM service
» Commerce Cloud, Sales Cloud, Service Cloud,
Data Cloud, Marketing Cloud, Community Cloud,
Analytics Cloud, App Cloud, and IoT
– Customer Success Platform - brings together all
customer information in a single, integrated platform
– First cloud and SaaS company
– Cloud, Marketing Cloud, and Service Cloud
Salesforce

– provides services such as compute power, database
storage, content delivery and many other
functions
– Services are Flexible, Scalable and Reliable
– can access highly durable storage
» Amazon Glacier, Amazon S3, and Amazon EBS
– high-performance database
» Amazon Redshift, Amazon Dynamo DB, Amazon
ElastiCache and Amazon RDS
Amazon AWS

– Offers SaaS and PaaS
– used by developers who write apps with the support of
the company's coding tools
– Only company that offers a hybrid cloud solution
– Support expanded from windows to Linux
– clients can better provision Windows and Linux VM
apps, develop modern mobile and business solution
apps for Windows, iOS and Android
– Deployment of Azure services takes less than 5
minutes
Microsoft Azure

– leading cloud services offered by Google
– basically used for Google search and YouTube
– IaaS and PaaS
– Offers various services such as data analysis,
machine learning, and data storage
– Provides security and stability
– user is free to think about the code without worrying
about the operations side.
– API helps in speech detection language translation
Google Cloud Platform

– Offers IaaS and PaaS
– deploy and access its resources such as storage
networking and compute power
– helping home appliance manufacturer, retailer and
medical supply businesses
– offers the best services with the price as low as
possible.
IBM Cloud

– Offers apps services design photography and web
– Provides access to a collection of software which uses
for video editing, web development, photography,
and graphic designs
– Creative Cloud allows you to work from anywhere and
from any device
– Creative Cloud hosted first in Amazon and now in
Microsoft.
Adobe Cloud

– deploy their own server hardware and datacenter
– public cloud provider
– handles millions of concurrent users every single day
– can access your photos, updates anywhere in the
world with the internet
Facebook

– Provides servers, storage, network, applications and
services through Oracle Corporation managed data
centers
– used to build, deploy, integrate, and extend
applications in the cloud
– G2 enterprise cloud that delivers powerful compute
and networking performance
– includes infrastructure and platform cloud services.
– only one built to run Oracle Autonomous Database,
the industry's first and only self-driving database.
Oracle Cloud

• Virtualization lets:
– A single physical resource appear as multiple logical
resources
• such as a Server/ Operating System/Application/
or storage device
– Multiple physical resources appear as a single logical
resource
• Such as Storage Devices or Servers
• Virtual clusters are collections of virtual machines
deployed and managed as a single entity
Virtualization

• A HYPERVISOR is:
– computer software, firmware or hardware that creates
and runs virtual machines.
– A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more
virtual machines is called a host machine, and
– each virtual machine is called a guest machine.
Hypervisor
• A HYPERVISOR is:
– computer software, firmware or hardware that creates
and runs virtual machines.
– A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more
virtual machines is called a host machine, and
– each virtual machine is called a guest machine.

Virtualization

• Server Virtualization
– Known as Hardware Virtualization.
– Run multiple OS on a single Machine.
• Desktop Virtualization
– Called VDI ( Virtual Desktop Infrastructure).
– Computing environment is delivered remotely to the
end users.
– Hosted OS and Data is centrally located.
Types of virtualization

• Storage Virtualization
– Multiple storage devices appear as a common shared
media.
– Increased flexibility in managing Storage for end
users.
• Network Virtualization
– Combining Network resources and Network
functionality into a Virtual Network.
Types of virtualization

Virtualization

Scaling in Cloud

What is green cloud
• Green cloud is a label that describes the potential
environmental benefits that information technology
services delivered over the Internet can offer society.

Green computing
• Green use:
• Minimizing the electricity consumption of
computers and their peripheral devices and using
them in an eco-friendly manner
•
Green disposal:
. Re-purposing an existing computer
. Appropriately disposing of
. Recycling unwanted electronic equipment

Green computing
• Green design:
Designing energy-efficient computers, servers,
printers, projectors and other digital devices
• Green manufacturing:
Minimizing waste during the manufacturing

Pros and cons

• Effective use of computing resources
• Integrated services
• Enhanced productivity, productivity
• New job opportunities
• New business models
Etc…
Opportunities

• Storage and Control is in the hands of providers.
• CC limits the freedom of users and make them
dependent on the CC provider.
• Giving privilege to access to different types of users is in
the hands of CC providers.
• Security and personal information are in hands of CC
providers.
• what will happen to data if the company goes out of
business?
Risks in cloud computing

• Elastic scaling
• Availability
• Failures Handling
• Operational efficiency
• Storage structure,
Backup, Recovery
• Optimization -Scheduling
• QoS
• SLA
• Metering, Accounting
• Legal Issues
• Security and Privacy
Research issues

• Secure cloud architecture
• Confidentiality, authentication, authorization etc
• Key management schemes for secured access
• Data security issues
Security Related and Others

• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Service Level Agreement (SLA)
• Interoperability
• Cost Effective scaling
• Multitenency and resource contention
Scalability Related

Service Level Agreement (SLA)
• How and who will measure the delivery of services?
• How to develop an agreed method of monitoring performance?
• What will happen if provider fails the contract ?
• What about the renewal of the contract ?
• What is the mechanism to change SLA over time?
• What is the mechanism if service provider violates any elements of
SLA?

•AWS API
compatibility
•Lower costs
•Maintain control
•Open hybrid cloud
•Iaas
•Paas
•The Open Source Cloud
Operating System
•Compute
•Storage
•Networking
•Resource to build private or
Community hybrid IaaS
cloud
Open source software

Introduction to Cloud Computing

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