Introduction to IoT unit II
- 4. Home Cities Environment Energy Systems Reail Logistics Industry Agriculture Heath & Lifestyle 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 4
- 6. The Internet o Things (IoT) applications span a wide range of domains including homes ,cities ,environment ,energy system,retail,logistics,industry,agriculture and health. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 6
- 8. Home automation Smart Lighting Smart Appliances Intrusion Detection Smoke/Gas Detectors 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 8
- 9. ◦ 1.Smart Lighting: helps in saving energy by adapting the lighting to the ambient conditions and switching on/off or diming the light when needed. ◦ 2. Smart Appliances: make the management easier and also provide status information to the users remotely. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 9
- 10. ◦ 3. Intrusion Detection: use security cameras and sensors(PIR sensors and door sensors) to detect intrusion and raise alerts. Alerts can be in the form of SMS or email sent to theuser. ◦ 4. Smoke/Gas Detectors: Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to detect smoke that is typically an early sign of fire. Alerts raised by smoke detectors can be in the form of signals to a fire alarm system. Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful gases such as CO, LPGetc., 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 10
- 16. Home Network Routers: All the Internet connected devices in homes these days, the network router continues to be by far the most targeted in attacks . "Most Internet routers that are keystone to our home network are riddled with security issues, which make them easy picking for hackers Most routers worldwide had default or basic username and password combinations, like "admin" and “password” while others have they user address, birthday or name as password. Because of this, most routers are vulnerable to simple password attacks, which is basically an open invitation to malicious hackers. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 16
- 17. Smoke detector detects the smoke in the home and it sends signal to the control unit that displays the smoke unit in display section and temperature sensor mentioned above gives the temperature of the room and signals are send through IoT to main controller just to control some activities of room 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 17
- 20. Applications of IoT for cities Smart Parking Smart Lighting Smart Roads Structural Health Monitoring Surveillance Emergency Response 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 20
- 22. Make the search for parking space easier and convenient for drivers. Smart parking are powered by IoT systems that detect the no. of empty parking slots and send information over internet to smart application back ends. Finding the Parking space in the crowded city can be time consuming and frustrating Smart parking makes the search for parking space easier and convenient for driver. It can detect the number of empty parking slots and send the information over the internet to the smart parking applications which can be accessed by the drivers using their smartphones, tablets, and in car navigation system Sensors are used for each parking slot to detect whether the slot is empty or not, and his information is aggregated by local controller and hen sent over the internet to database. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 22
- 24. ◦ For roads, parks and buildings can help in saving energy. With smart lighting, city authorities can keep real-time tracking of lighting to ensure optimized illumination and deliver demand-based lighting in different zones. ◦ Smart lighting also helps in daylight harvesting and save energy by dimming out sectors with no occupancies ◦ For e.g. parking lots can be dimmed during work hours and when a car is entering, it will be detected and appropriate sectors can be illuminated, while others can be kept at diffused setting. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 24
- 26. Equipped with sensors can provide information on driving condition, travel time estimating and alert in case of poor driving conditions, traffic condition and accidents. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 26
- 27. It uses a network of sensors to monitor the vibration levels in the structures such as bridges and buildings. The data collected from these sensors is analyzed to assess the health of the structures. • By analyzing the data it is possible to detect cracks and mechanical breakdowns, locate the damages to a structure and also calculate the remaining life of the structure. • Using such systems, advance warnings can be given in the case of imminent failure of the structure. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 27
- 29. Surveillance of infrastructure, public transport and events in cities is required to ensure safety and security. • City wide surveillance infrastructure comprising of large number of distributed and Internet connected video surveillance cameras can be created. . • The video feeds from surveillance cameras can be aggregated in cloud-based scalable storage solutions. • Cloud-based video analytics applications can be developed to search for patterns of specific events from the video feeds. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 29
- 32. IoT systems can be used for monitoring the critical infrastructure cities such as buildings, gas, and water pipelines, public transport and power substations. • IoT systems for critical infrastructure monitoring enable aggregation and sharing of information collected from lager number of sensors. • Using cloud-based architectures, multi-modal information such as sensor data, audio, video feeds can be analyzed in near real-time to detect adverse events. • The alert can be in the form : • Alerts sent to the public • Re-rerouting of traffic • Evacuations of the affected areas 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 32
- 35. Weather Monitoring Air Pollution Monitoring Noise Pollution Monitoring Forest Fire Detection River Flood Detection 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 35
- 36. Systems collect data from a no. of sensors attached and send the data to cloud based applications and storage back ends. The data collected in cloud can then be analyzed and visualized by cloud based applications 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 36
- 38. ◦ System can monitor emission of harmful gases(CO2, CO, NO, NO2 etc.,) by factories and automobiles using gaseous and meteorological sensors. The collected data can be analyzed to make informed decisions on pollutions controlapproaches. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 38
- 40. ◦ Due to growing urban development, noise levels in cities have increased and even become alarmingly high in some cities. IoT based noise pollution monitoring systems use a no. of noise monitoring systems that are deployed at different places in a city. The data on noise levels from the station is collected on servers or in the cloud. The collected data is then aggregated to generate noise maps. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 40
- 41. Forest fire can cause damage to natural resources, property and human life. Early detection of forest fire can help in minimizingdamage. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 41
- 42. ◦ River floods can cause damage to natural and human resources and human life. Early warnings of floods can be given by monitoring the water level and flow rate. IoT based river flood monitoring system uses a no. of sensor nodes that monitor the water level and flow rate sensors. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 42
- 44. Smart Grids Renewable Energy Systems Prognostics 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 44
- 45. It is a data communication network integrated with the electrical grids that collects and analyze data captured in near-real-time about power transmission, distribution and consumption. Smart grid technology provides predictive information and recommendations to utilities, their suppliers, and their customers on how best to manage power. By using IoT based sensing and measurement technologies, the health of equipment and integrity of the grid can be evaluated. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 45
- 47. ◦ IoT based systems integrated with the transformers at the point of interconnection measure the electrical variables and how much power is fed into the grid. ◦ For wind energy systems, closed-loop controls can be used to regulate the voltage at point of interconnection which coordinate wind turbine outputs and provides power support. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 47
- 49. ◦ In systems such as power grids, real-time information is collected using specialized electrical sensors called Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs) at the substations. ◦ The information received from PMUs must be monitored in real-time for estimating the state of the system and for predicting failures 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 49
- 52. Inventory Management Smart Payment Smart Vending Machines 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 52
- 53. IoT systems using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags can help in inventory management and maintaining the right inventory level. IoT systems enable remote monitoring of inventory using data collected by RFID readers. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 53
- 56. Solutions such as contact-less payments powered by technologies such as Near Field Communication(NFC) and Bluetooth. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 56
- 58. Sensors in a smart vending machines monitors its operations and send the data to cloud which can be used for predictive maintenance. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 58
- 63. Route Generation &Scheduling Fleet Tracking Shipment Monitoring Remote vehicle Diagnostics 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 63
- 64. ◦ Route generation and scheduling systems can generate end to end routes using combination of route patterns and transportation modes and feasible schedules based on the availability of vehicles IoT based system backed by cloud can provide first response to the route generation queries and can be scaled upto serve a large transportation network. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 64
- 67. ◦ GPS to track locations of vehicles in real-time. Some of the main features that the modern Fleet Manager in the fleet tracking system are: ◦ route optimization, increased productivity, driver & vehicle safety and time management 3 types of fleet tracking systems. i) Cellular ii) wireless passive iii) satellite. . 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 67
- 69. Cellular and hand-held tracking devices utilize cellular networks to transmit fleet location and other information to cell towers. Fleets can install an in-vehicle tracking devise or use cellphones simply by installing an app. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 69
- 70. When using an app installed on a cell phone you are tracking the cell phone. This is fine if you are just tracking an employee, contractor or looking for an inexpensive way to track a load using an outside carrier and you don’t mind the occasional outage or the possibility of the phone being turned off or a dead battery. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 70
- 71. If you are interested in the actual physical location of your assets, fuel usage and driver behaviors, then a vehicle-installed GPS system would be the better choice. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 71
- 72. Basic wireless passive tracking systems record data during the work day and is retrieved once the vehicle is returned to its home base. More advanced models have incorporated modems so real time data such as vehicle speed and stops can be available. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 72
- 73. Satellites orbiting the earth, amazing. Using the advanced satellite system will give you the exact location of your assets all at the same time, all on one computer screen, all in real-time. When comparing systems keep in mind that satellite is more up-to-the-minute location tracking and may not provide as much detailed information as the wireless or cellular systems ◦ 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 73
- 74. IoT based shipment monitoring systems use sensors such as temp, humidity, to monitor the conditions and send data to cloud, where it can be analyzed to detect food spoilage. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 74
- 76. Systems use on-board IoT devices for collecting data on Vehicle operaions(speed, RPMetc.,) and status of various vehicle subsystems. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 76
- 82. Smart irrigation systems can improve crop yields while saving water. Smart irrigation systems use IoT devices with soil moisture sensors to determine the amount of moisture in the soil. This system release the flow of water through the irrigation pipes only when the moisture levels go below a predefined threshold. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 82
- 83. Smart irrigation systems also collect moisture ◦ level measurements on a server or in the ◦ cloud where the collected data can be ◦ analyzed to plan watering schedules. Cultivar’s Rain cloud is a device for smart irrigation that uses water valves, soil sensors and a WiFi enabled programmable computer 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 83
- 85. Green Houses are structure with glass or plastic roofs that provide conducive environment for growth of plants. The climatological conditions inside a Green House can be monitored and controlled to provide the best conditions for growth of plants. The temperature, humidity, soil moisture, lighten, Carbon-di Oxide levels are monitored using sensors. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 85
- 86. IoT systems play on important role in Green House control and help in improving productivity. The data collected from various sensors is stored on centralized server or in the cloud . The analysis is performed to optimize the control strategies and also correlated the productivity with different control strategies. The climatological conditions are control automatically using actuating devices. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 86
- 88. Machine Diagnosis & Prognosis Indoor Air Quality Monitoring 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 88
- 89. Machine prognosis refers to predicting he performance of a machine by analyzing the data n the current operating conditions and how much deviations exist from the normal operating conditions. Machine diagnosis refers to determining the cause of a machine fault. IoT lays a major role in both prognosis and diagnosis of industrial machines. Industrial machines have a large number of components that must function correctly or the machine to perform its operations 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 89
- 91. Monitoring indoor air quality in factories s important for health and safety of the workers. Harmful an toxic gases such as carbon monoxide(co),nitrogen monoxide(No),Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2),etc., can cause serious health problems. IoT base gas monitoring systems can help in monitoring he indoor air quality using various gas sensors. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 91
- 93. Health & Fitness monitoring Wearable Electronics 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 93
- 94. Wearable IoT devices that allows non-invasive and continuous monitoring o physiological parameters can help in continuous health and fitness monitoring. The wearable devices from a type of wireless sensor networks called body area networks in which he measurements from a number of wearable devices are continuous sent to a master node which then sends the data to a server or a cloud –based back- end for analysis and archiving. 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 94
- 96. Commonly uses body sensors includes: body temperature Heart rate Pulse oximeter oxygen saturation(SPo2) Blood pressure Electrocardiogram(ECG) Electroencephalogram(EEG) 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 96
- 97. Wearable electronics such as wearable gadgets(smart Watches, smart glasses, Wristbands etc.,) an fashion electronics provide various functions and features to assist us in our daily activities and making us lead healthy lifestyles. Example : Google Glass or Moto 360 smart watch 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 97
- 99. Book : Internet of Things A Hands on Approach Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti University Press. Thanks to : Mr.K.Selvam , 20SPCS014 /II M.Sc(CS) /MTNC 3/19/2022 MTNC/computerscience 99