Introduction to modern irrigation techniques
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This document provides an overview of modern irrigation techniques presented by Er. S. V. Tikute. It discusses the problems with traditional irrigation methods and introduces drip and sprinkler irrigation as modern alternatives. It describes the history and development of drip irrigation in India, highlighting its advantages such as water savings and improved crop yields. The document also covers sprinkler irrigation, discussing its history, adaptability, advantages like water savings, and limitations like high initial costs. It examines the scope and status of drip and sprinkler irrigation in India.
Introduction to modern irrigation techniques
- 1. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Online Training on “Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture” Introduction to Modern Irrigation Techniques By Er. S. V. Tikute M. Tech. (Agricultural Engineering)
- 2. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Why modern irrigation system? • Problems in Traditional Method • Excessive Labour requirement • Non uniformity in water application • Water and electricity not fully utilized • Water loss • Evaporation loss • So overcome all these one solution Modern Irrigation Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 2
- 3. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara History of Drip Irrigation in India • Irrigating a tulsi plant kept in the courtyard. • Use of hanging pitcher • Slender bamboo as the conduit for water flow. • Burying clay pots filled with water . • In Germany 1869, use of drippers in sub-surface irrigation. • Petrochemical industry 1950, manufacturing of plastic pipes Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 3
- 4. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Difference between traditional and modern irrigation method TRADITIONAL • Inefficient as crops don’t get water properly • Very cheap • Labour intensive • Low yield • Tedious operation Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 4 MODERN • Efficient because crops get correct amount of water • Extremely costly • Machine intensive • High yield • Easier operation
- 5. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Drip Irrigation • Drip irrigation also called as trickle irrigation • Features • Method of applying filtered water • Low discharge through the emitters • Constant and even supply • Very small operating pressure ( 1 to 2 kg/cm2) • Less pressure requirement than sprinkler • The discharge of the emitter varies from 0.5 to 14 lph . • The low discharge of the emitter results in partial wetting of soil root zone. • Drip irrigation differs from sprinkler irrigation by the fact the only part of the soil wetted Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 5
- 6. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 6
- 7. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advantages of Drip Irrigation 1. Water Savings 2. Improved Plant Growth and Crop Yield 3. Labour & Saving 4. Energy Saving 5. Suitability to Poor Soils Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 7 6. Weed Control 7. Use of Brackish/Saline Water 8. enhanced Fertilizer Application Efficiencyy 9. No Soil Erosion 10. Minimum Diseases and Pest Problems 11. Aadaptability to Application of Mulches
- 8. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Limitations of Drip Irrigation 1. Initial Heavy investment 2. Extensive Maintenance Requirement 3. Salinity Hazards 4. Economic and/or Technical Limitations 5. High Skill Requirements 6. Care in concern with laterals 7. Rodent problem Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 8
- 9. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Scope and Status of Drip Irrigation in India • An acceptable system of irrigation to many crops. • No replacement for drip in compete of other irrigation methods. • The potential use of less water per unit of production . • Drip provide the motivation for changing irrigation methods • Water costs also considered . • Very significant effects on profit margins. • The rapid expansion of drip irrigation in Southern India.. • In western part of country it plays effective role as water scare . • Since drip irrigation not effectively used for Paddy, Wheat etc. • Wide acceptance of drip irrigation over the past decade. Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 9
- 10. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Adoption of Drip Irrigation in India • Introduce in the early seventies • Key role of Agricultural Universities and research institutions. • Significant development since 1980s. • Developments taken place mainly in acute water scarce area • Use of Plastics in Agriculture -Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Agricultural Universities,National Committee • Ministry of Water Resources -Promotion of use of drip irrigation method, • State governments sponsorship scheme • NHB scheme Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 10
- 11. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Sprinkler Irrigation • Pressurised irrigation methods, • Water is sprayed as resembling rainfall. • The spray of water by small orifices or nozzles. • Water source to pump to pipe network to sprinkler nozzles. • The pressure pump helps to rotate nozzle by water. • The nozzles are mounted on the pressurized pipe system. • Sprinklers pipes should have characteristics - • Flexible, crack and impact-proof, durable, sustain pressure Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 11
- 12. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara History of Sprinkler Irrigation • Starts from late 1800s • Patents for portable lawn sprinklers • Introduction of wheel lines • Center pivots in the late 1940s and 1950s. • Invention carried out to • Enhance performance, • Ease management, and • Reduce energy use, or to meet other specific needs. • Recent advances use of GPS Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 12
- 13. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 13
- 14. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Sprinkler irrigation system is adoptable to following situations • Almost all types of soils and terrains. • Successfully irrigate high permeable soils. • Lands with combination of shallow soils • Terain that prevent proper land grading smoothing. • Lands having steep slopes. • At erodible soils and undulating terrain . • Areas prone to frost and fog. • Suppressing dust during to dust storm during summer. Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 14
- 15. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advantages • Minimizing the water losses in conveyance and distribution. • Water save to the extent of 30 per cent compared to surface irrigation method • Maintain the soil moisture in the root zone of crops • No overland flow, water is not moved on land surface. • Irrigating close growing crops where the plant population per unit area is more. Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 15 • There is no necessity of making bunds, ridges • No clogging compared to drip irrigation method. • Chemicals and fertilizers can be applied along with water. • This method saves the fertilizers and other nutrients there is no deep percolation and leaching. • Avoid impact of fog, frost and high solar radiations. • High water use efficiency
- 16. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Limitations • High initial investment . • Soil with low infiltration rate cannot be irrigated. • Not feasible in hot climate and high wind areas. • High operational costs. • Higher energy requirements. • Not suitable for crops that require ponding water. • In humid regions, not suitable for crops prone to diseases due to moist environment. • Water with impurities and sediments may damage the system components. Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 16
- 17. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Scope and Status of Sprinkler Irrigation in India • The sprinkler system was first introduced in the mid-1950s by few progressive farmers. • Agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water and consuming more than 80% water available. • More demand of water has been consistently increasing from other sector. • In surface method more than 50% of applied water is lost • In the process of conveyance, application, runoff and evaporation • Only less than 50% water is utilized for consumptive use of crop. • The drip and sprinkler methods saves the water more than 50% of water appiled . • In India, the area irrigated by the sprinkler system is about 3.59 million ha, which is less than 2.5 % of the total area under irrigation. • As on March 31, 2012 Rajasthan has the largest area under sprinkler irrigation followed by Haryana. • Major role of National Committee on the use of Plastics in Agriculture Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 17
- 18. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 18 CURRENT STATUS AND PENETRATION OF MICRO IRRIGATION
- 19. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 19
- 20. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 20
- 21. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 21 DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION?
- 22. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara Thank you Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 22