IRJET- High Responsive Smart Parking System using IoT
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This document presents a proposed smart parking system using IoT. The system uses RFID sensors and a PIC microcontroller to detect vehicle occupancy of parking spaces in real-time. This information is sent to a cloud database. A mobile app allows drivers to check parking availability and book spaces. The system aims to address issues like inefficient parking, traffic congestion, and reduced fuel consumption by helping drivers find vacant spaces quickly. It provides real-time parking information and allows contactless payment of fees.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1264
Fig.2 Block diagram of Smart Parking System Using
IOT
3.1 PURPOSE OF USING IoT MODULE
Cloud computing and IoT have witnessed large evolution.
Both the technologies have advantages, however several
mutual advantages can be foreseen from their integration.
Initially, IOT can address only its technological factors
including storage, processing and energy by leveraging the
unlimited capabilities and resources of Cloud.
On the other side, Cloud are also capable of dealing with real
world entities in a more distributed and dynamic fashion by
the use of IoT. Basically, the Cloud acts as an intermediate
between things and applications, in order to hide all the
complexities and functionalities necessary for running the
application. Some of the factors that ledtotheamalgamation
of Cloud and IoT are listed and explained below.
Storage capacity: IoT comprises of a large number of
information sources (things), which produce huge amounts
of non-structured or semi-structured data. As a result IoT
requires collecting, accessing, processing, visualizing and
sharing large amounts of data[14].Cloud providesunlimited,
low-cost, and on-demand storage capacity, thus making it
the best and most cost effective solution to deal with data
generated by IoT.
Computation power: The devices being used under IoThave
limited processing capabilities. Data that are collected from
various sensors is transmitted, where it’s aggregated and
Processed to more powerful nodes .By the use of unlimited
processing capabilities and on-demand model of cloud, the
computation needs of IoT can be addressed. With thehelpof
cloud computing, IoT systems are capable of performing
real-time processing of data thus facilitating highly
responsive applications.
Communication resources: The basic functionality of IoT is
to make IP-enabled devices communicate with one another
through dedicated set of hardware. Cloud computing offers
cheap and effective ways of connecting, tracking, and
managing devices from anywhere over the internet.
Availability: The meaning of availability defines any time
anywhere of resources which becomes very easy with cloud
integration.
Most of the cloud providers assure 5 nine availability. The
applications with cloud are always up and running and
continuous services are being provided to the end users.
Fig.3 Flow Diagram of Smart Parking System
4. RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
The RFID section describes about the parts that comprises.
The RFID tags define about, how they work in principle, and
what types of tags do exist. It mainly focuses on how tagsare
powered and with what frequency ranges they are being
operated. This section states by covering a few important
standards. The real power of RFID is defined within the
combination of backend whichstoresadditional information
that includes descriptions for products and also signifies
where and when a certain tagwasscanned.Ingeneral a RFID
system structure is similar to a depicted system. RFID
readers are mainly used to scan tags, and then they forward
the information to the backend. The backend of a RFID in
general is nothing but a database and also a well-defined
application interface.
When the backend receives any of the information, it adds it
to the database and if in case it performs some of the
computation on relatedfields.Thisapplicationretrieves data
from the backend. In many situations, the application is
combined with the reader itself.
Fig4. RFID System](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i11244-181206102432/85/IRJET-High-Responsive-Smart-Parking-System-using-IoT-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1265
5. PIC MICROCONTROLLER
The term PIC is termed as Peripheral Interface
Microcontroller.in this system we use PIC 16F886.The
PIC16F886 is also available in 28-pin PDIP, SOIC, SSOP and
QFN packages. The PIC16F887 is available in a 40-pin PDIP
and 44-pin QFN and TQFP packages the block diagram of
PIC16F887. There are a many range of thirty-five general
purpose I/O pins available. Depending on the type of
peripherals are enabled, some or all of the pins may not be
available as general purpose I/O ports. Generally, the
associated pin may not be used as a general purpose I/Opin,
when a peripheral is enabled.
Fig 5.Pin diagram of PIC 16F887A
6. IMPLEMENTATION & WORKING
The architecture and technical stack is related to the smart
parking system. In this section the descriptionis givenabout
the implementation and working of the system in a real
world scenario. The complete process of booking a parking
slot, parking a car in that slot and leaving the parking area.
The working of this system details in a step format that
includes checking the availability of parking space, to
actually park a car in a vacant parking slot and so on.
This can be done by implementing the smart parkingsystem
in the parking area of a shopping mall and various other
places. The steps that a driver should follow in order to park
its car using Smart parking system are listed below.
Step 1: Install the smart parking application on your mobile
device.
Step 2: With the help of the mobile app search for a parking
area on and around your destination.
Step 3: Select a particular parking area.
Step 4: Browse through the various parking slots available
in that parking area.
Step 5: Select a particular parking slot.
Step 6: Select the amount of time (in hours) for which you
would like to park your car for.
Step 7: Pay the parking charges either with your wallet or
your credit card.
Step 8: Once you have successfully parked your car in the
selected parking slot, confirm your occupancy using the
mobile application.
7. CONCLUSION
The concept and implementationof SmartCitieshavealways
been a dream for humanity. Though there are major
advancements made in the implementation of smart cities
over the past couple of years. The growth of Internet of
Things and Cloud Computing technologies have givenrise to
new inventories in terms of smart cities. Smart parking
facilities and traffic management systems are also a
important constrains that plays a major role in the
construction of smart cities. In this paper, we discuss about
the issue of parking and introduce an IoT based Cloud
integrated smart parking system. The system that we have
proposed have provided a real time information regarding
the availability of parking slots in a parking area. Users can
be able to know whether the parking lot is free for
authorizing a mobile application from remote locations in
order to book a parking. The efforts have been made to
improve the parking facilities of a city and thereby aiming to
enhance the quality of life of its people.
8. REFERENCE
[1] A Prototype for IoT based Car Parking Management
System for Smart Cities” by Baratam.M Kumar Gandhi* and
M. Kameswara Rao,Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, Vol 9(17),
DOI10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i17/92973, May 2016.
[2] “Internet of vehicles for intelligent” by KundanMunjal1
and Shilpa Verma Intelligent Systems Technologies and
Applications 2016, Advances in Intelligent Systems and
Computing 530, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-47952-1_32 409.
[3] “Smart parking system” by Dr .V. Kepuska, Humaid
Alshamsi, International Journal of Science and Technology
(IJST) Volume 5 No. 8, August, 2016.
[4] “IoT based smart car parking system” by Abhirup
Khanna, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES)
Dehradun, Uttarakhand.2016 International Conference on
Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA) Maharashtra
Institute, Pune, India 22 Jan - 24 Jan, 2016
[5] “A Cloud-Based Car Parking Middleware for IoT-Based
Smart Cities: Design and Implementation”byZhanlin Ji,Ivan
Ganchev , Máirtín O’Droma , Li Zhao and Xueji Zhang 3
Sensors 2014, 14, 22372-22393; doi:10.3390/s141222372.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i11244-181206102432/85/IRJET-High-Responsive-Smart-Parking-System-using-IoT-3-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1266
[6] Rico, J., Sancho, J., Cendon, B., & Camus, M.(2013,March).
Made Parking easier by using context information ofa smart
city and Enabling fast search and management of parking
resources. The Advanced Information Networking and
Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2013 27th International
Conference on (pp. 1380-1385). IEEE.
[7] Zheng, Y., Rajasegarar, S., & Leckie, C. (2015, April).The
Parking availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks
in smart cities. In Sensors, SensorNetworksandInformation
Processing (ISSNIP), 2015 IEEE Tenth International
Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[8] Zhou, F., & Li, Q. (2014, November) .the Parking
Guidance Based System on ZigBee and Geomagnetic Sensor
Technology. It is involved in Distributed Computing and
Applications to Business, Engineering and Science
(DCABES), 2014 13th International Symposiumon(pp.268-
271). IEEE.
[9] Botta. A W., Persico, V., & Pescapé, A. (2014, August).
Based on the Integration of Cloud ComputingandInternet of
Things in the Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud),
2014 International Conference on (pp. 23-30). IEEE.
[10] Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'droma, M., & Zhang, X. (2014,
August). A cloud based intelligent car parking services for
smart cities. The system based General Assembly and
Scientific Symposium(URSI GASS),2014XXXIURSI(pp.1-4).
IEEE.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i11244-181206102432/85/IRJET-High-Responsive-Smart-Parking-System-using-IoT-4-320.jpg)
IRJET- High Responsive Smart Parking System using IoT
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1263 HIGH RESPONSIVE SMART PARKING SYSTEM USING IOT Mr. A. MuthuKumar1, Ms. S. Krishnaveni2, Ms. S. Mahalakshmi3, Mr.R. Pradeep Raj Kumar4 1Assistant professor, Department of ECE, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2, 3,44th year ECE students, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In recent times the concept of smart cities have gained major popularity. The evolution of Internet of things has explored the idea of smart city thatseemstobeachievable. A lot of efforts are being made in the field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure. Problems based as, traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road safety are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, we represent an IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site development of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability of each single parking space. A mobile application isprovidedinorder to check the availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly. The paper describes a high-level view of the system architecture and discusses the workingofthesystem in form of a use case that proves the exactness of the proposed method. Key Words: PIC Microcontroller, RFID Sensor, Wi Fi module, Cloud management. 1. INTRODUCTION The huge increase in the number of vehicles on the road along with insufficient number of parking space has created parking related problems including increased traffic congestion in urban areas. Hence, we are in a need to develop an automated smart parking management system that will help a driver to locate the vehicle in a suitable parking space so that fuel consumption and air pollution can be decreased. It has been found that a driver s search for a suitable parking space takes almost 15 minutes which in turn increases the fuel consumption of the vehicle, traffic congestion and air pollution. Most of the smart parking systems (SPS) that exists over the years provides information about the parking availability information system design, parking reservation system, occupancy detection and management of the available parking lots, real-time navigation of the parking facility etc. Thus, this paper presents an internet-of-thing(IoT) based E- parking systemthatemploysanintegratedcomponentcalled parking meter (PM) to address the following issues. • Real-time detection of improper parking • Estimating the time of each vehicle that is been parked • Automatic collection of parking charges. 2. RELATED WORK There are a significant number of smart parking systems depending on various technologies that includes radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee etc. Out of these techniques , a prototype of RFID-based smart parking application implements automatic check-in and check-out process using RFID reader of the vehicle in parking lot area. There a lots of technologies that are been existing in the present parking systems such as Smart Parking System Using Ultrasonic sensors, E-Parking system. The main drawback is wastage of fuel, waste of time. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM The newly used technique in the System is IOT or Cloud computing is very time consuming and the most versatile in the developing smart cities. Here IOT is employed in order tomakethe processquick and easy. The user can easily view through their mobile phones whether the parking lot is free or not. Fig.1 Proposed system Using IOT
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1264 Fig.2 Block diagram of Smart Parking System Using IOT 3.1 PURPOSE OF USING IoT MODULE Cloud computing and IoT have witnessed large evolution. Both the technologies have advantages, however several mutual advantages can be foreseen from their integration. Initially, IOT can address only its technological factors including storage, processing and energy by leveraging the unlimited capabilities and resources of Cloud. On the other side, Cloud are also capable of dealing with real world entities in a more distributed and dynamic fashion by the use of IoT. Basically, the Cloud acts as an intermediate between things and applications, in order to hide all the complexities and functionalities necessary for running the application. Some of the factors that ledtotheamalgamation of Cloud and IoT are listed and explained below. Storage capacity: IoT comprises of a large number of information sources (things), which produce huge amounts of non-structured or semi-structured data. As a result IoT requires collecting, accessing, processing, visualizing and sharing large amounts of data[14].Cloud providesunlimited, low-cost, and on-demand storage capacity, thus making it the best and most cost effective solution to deal with data generated by IoT. Computation power: The devices being used under IoThave limited processing capabilities. Data that are collected from various sensors is transmitted, where it’s aggregated and Processed to more powerful nodes .By the use of unlimited processing capabilities and on-demand model of cloud, the computation needs of IoT can be addressed. With thehelpof cloud computing, IoT systems are capable of performing real-time processing of data thus facilitating highly responsive applications. Communication resources: The basic functionality of IoT is to make IP-enabled devices communicate with one another through dedicated set of hardware. Cloud computing offers cheap and effective ways of connecting, tracking, and managing devices from anywhere over the internet. Availability: The meaning of availability defines any time anywhere of resources which becomes very easy with cloud integration. Most of the cloud providers assure 5 nine availability. The applications with cloud are always up and running and continuous services are being provided to the end users. Fig.3 Flow Diagram of Smart Parking System 4. RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION The RFID section describes about the parts that comprises. The RFID tags define about, how they work in principle, and what types of tags do exist. It mainly focuses on how tagsare powered and with what frequency ranges they are being operated. This section states by covering a few important standards. The real power of RFID is defined within the combination of backend whichstoresadditional information that includes descriptions for products and also signifies where and when a certain tagwasscanned.Ingeneral a RFID system structure is similar to a depicted system. RFID readers are mainly used to scan tags, and then they forward the information to the backend. The backend of a RFID in general is nothing but a database and also a well-defined application interface. When the backend receives any of the information, it adds it to the database and if in case it performs some of the computation on relatedfields.Thisapplicationretrieves data from the backend. In many situations, the application is combined with the reader itself. Fig4. RFID System
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1265 5. PIC MICROCONTROLLER The term PIC is termed as Peripheral Interface Microcontroller.in this system we use PIC 16F886.The PIC16F886 is also available in 28-pin PDIP, SOIC, SSOP and QFN packages. The PIC16F887 is available in a 40-pin PDIP and 44-pin QFN and TQFP packages the block diagram of PIC16F887. There are a many range of thirty-five general purpose I/O pins available. Depending on the type of peripherals are enabled, some or all of the pins may not be available as general purpose I/O ports. Generally, the associated pin may not be used as a general purpose I/Opin, when a peripheral is enabled. Fig 5.Pin diagram of PIC 16F887A 6. IMPLEMENTATION & WORKING The architecture and technical stack is related to the smart parking system. In this section the descriptionis givenabout the implementation and working of the system in a real world scenario. The complete process of booking a parking slot, parking a car in that slot and leaving the parking area. The working of this system details in a step format that includes checking the availability of parking space, to actually park a car in a vacant parking slot and so on. This can be done by implementing the smart parkingsystem in the parking area of a shopping mall and various other places. The steps that a driver should follow in order to park its car using Smart parking system are listed below. Step 1: Install the smart parking application on your mobile device. Step 2: With the help of the mobile app search for a parking area on and around your destination. Step 3: Select a particular parking area. Step 4: Browse through the various parking slots available in that parking area. Step 5: Select a particular parking slot. Step 6: Select the amount of time (in hours) for which you would like to park your car for. Step 7: Pay the parking charges either with your wallet or your credit card. Step 8: Once you have successfully parked your car in the selected parking slot, confirm your occupancy using the mobile application. 7. CONCLUSION The concept and implementationof SmartCitieshavealways been a dream for humanity. Though there are major advancements made in the implementation of smart cities over the past couple of years. The growth of Internet of Things and Cloud Computing technologies have givenrise to new inventories in terms of smart cities. Smart parking facilities and traffic management systems are also a important constrains that plays a major role in the construction of smart cities. In this paper, we discuss about the issue of parking and introduce an IoT based Cloud integrated smart parking system. The system that we have proposed have provided a real time information regarding the availability of parking slots in a parking area. Users can be able to know whether the parking lot is free for authorizing a mobile application from remote locations in order to book a parking. The efforts have been made to improve the parking facilities of a city and thereby aiming to enhance the quality of life of its people. 8. REFERENCE [1] A Prototype for IoT based Car Parking Management System for Smart Cities” by Baratam.M Kumar Gandhi* and M. Kameswara Rao,Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(17), DOI10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i17/92973, May 2016. [2] “Internet of vehicles for intelligent” by KundanMunjal1 and Shilpa Verma Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 2016, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 530, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-47952-1_32 409. [3] “Smart parking system” by Dr .V. Kepuska, Humaid Alshamsi, International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST) Volume 5 No. 8, August, 2016. [4] “IoT based smart car parking system” by Abhirup Khanna, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES) Dehradun, Uttarakhand.2016 International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA) Maharashtra Institute, Pune, India 22 Jan - 24 Jan, 2016 [5] “A Cloud-Based Car Parking Middleware for IoT-Based Smart Cities: Design and Implementation”byZhanlin Ji,Ivan Ganchev , Máirtín O’Droma , Li Zhao and Xueji Zhang 3 Sensors 2014, 14, 22372-22393; doi:10.3390/s141222372.
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1266 [6] Rico, J., Sancho, J., Cendon, B., & Camus, M.(2013,March). Made Parking easier by using context information ofa smart city and Enabling fast search and management of parking resources. The Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2013 27th International Conference on (pp. 1380-1385). IEEE. [7] Zheng, Y., Rajasegarar, S., & Leckie, C. (2015, April).The Parking availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks in smart cities. In Sensors, SensorNetworksandInformation Processing (ISSNIP), 2015 IEEE Tenth International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE. [8] Zhou, F., & Li, Q. (2014, November) .the Parking Guidance Based System on ZigBee and Geomagnetic Sensor Technology. It is involved in Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science (DCABES), 2014 13th International Symposiumon(pp.268- 271). IEEE. [9] Botta. A W., Persico, V., & Pescapé, A. (2014, August). Based on the Integration of Cloud ComputingandInternet of Things in the Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2014 International Conference on (pp. 23-30). IEEE. [10] Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'droma, M., & Zhang, X. (2014, August). A cloud based intelligent car parking services for smart cities. The system based General Assembly and Scientific Symposium(URSI GASS),2014XXXIURSI(pp.1-4). IEEE.