IRJET-Power Quality Improvement by using CHB Inverter based DVR

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1140
Power Quality Improvement By Using CHB Inverter Based DVR
Bharti Vaidya1, Prasant Debre2, Akshay Kadu3
1 Student, Dept. of Elect. Engg., Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering & Research, Nagpur, India
2,3, Associate Professor, Dept. of Elect. Engg., Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering & Research, Nagpur, India
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Abstract - Power quality is one of the major concerns in
the power system. Power quality problem occurred due to
non-linear load in distribution network anditssevereimpact
on sensitive loads. To overcome this problem, the DVR is a
modern and important custom power device for
compensation of voltage sags in power distribution system,
which is efficient and effective power electronics device. The
DVR is a series connection device which injects an
appropriate voltage to restore a voltage waveform and
ensure constant load voltage. This paper presents thedesign
and analysis of a DVR which employing 7-level cascade H-
bridge inverter. The CHB based inverter enables the DVR to
connect directly to the distribution network which
eliminates the series injection transformer. The modeling
and performance of DVR is analyzed using MATLAB
software.
Key Words: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Power
Quality (PQ), Cascade H-Bridge Inverter (CHB) etc.
1. INTRODUCTION
Modern power system is complex power network, where
hundreds of generating loads and thousands of loads
interconnected through networks. The main concern is to
provide a quality of power to the costumer [8]. In
distribution system have numerous nonlinearloads,which
affect the quality of power supply. The effect of power
quality is on sensitive load which are connected on power
system. The power quality problem occurred due to
voltage sag, voltage swell, flicker, interruption, voltage
imbalance and harmonics imbalance.Power quality is
described as the variation of voltage, current and
frequency in a power system [4]. Power quality problems
have major concern of the industrial and commercial
electrical consumers due to enormous losses. Among allof
the power quality problem voltage sag is most severe
disturbances. It occurred due to load switching, motor
starting, faults, non-linear load; lightning etc. to overcome
this problem modern custom power device is introduced
recently. In 1995 the concept of custom power device is
first explained by Hingorani [1]. These are compensating
power electronics devices connected in shunt or series or
in combination of both. The widely known custom power
devices are DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC. One of those
devices is the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which is
one of the most efficient and modern custom power device
used in distribution network. A DVR is a series connected
solid state device that injects voltage into the system to
regulate load side voltage. It is normally installed in a
distribution system between the supply and a critical load
feeder. Its primary function is to rapidly boost up the load
side voltage in the event of voltage sag [4]. To achieve this
functionality reference voltage is generated which is
similar in magnitude and phase angle to that of supply
waveform. Therefore by comparing reference and actual
voltage waveform any abnormality can be detected. This
paper divided in five section II part deals basic structureof
DVR Section III describes multilevel cascaded H-Bridge
Inverter. Section IV discusses various compensation
methods for voltage quality improvement.SectionVshows
circuit configuration with analysis of result last section
deals with conclusion of this work
2. DVR STRUCTURE
The general configuration of DVR consists of:
1. An injection transformer
2. A harmonic filter
3. A voltage source converter
4. Storage device
5. DC charging device
6. Control and protection system
7.
2 level Inverter
Estimation and
control unit
Supply Network
side Load Side
Series Injected
Transformer
Output
Filter
Figure 1: Conventional DVR structure
When sag is occurred in the system, the DVR isrequired to
inject active power into the distribution line during the
period of compensation[14]. Hence the capacity of the
energy storage unit can become a limiting factor in the
process of long duration sag. The power may pass through
this transformer during compensation. A power source
which provides this level of power, the transformer would
be a bulky element which adds losses in the system[9].Due
to this disadvantage of the conventional DVR new CHB-
based DVR is utilized in this paper.

Estimation
unit
Compensation
control Unit
Inverter
control Unit
Capacitor voltages
Switching Puleses
Supply Network Side
By
Pass
Thyristor
Load Side
Cell no 3Cell no 1
Vc1 Vc3
Figure 2: CHB based DVR structure
Figure 2 illustrates structure of the DVR that isutilizedinthis
paper. This DVR employs a multilevel CHB inverter which
generates voltage waveforms with small dv/dt andlowTHD.
Due to this series connection H-bridge inverter, it can be
easily extended for different voltage and power levels.
1. SEVEN LEVEL CHB INVERTER
The usual two or three levels inverter does not
significantly eliminate the unnecessary harmonics in the
output waveform. Therefore, we are using multilevel
inverter. In this technique, the number of phase voltage
levels at the converter terminals is 2N+1, where N is the dc
link voltages or number of cells. In this arrangement, every
cell has a separate dc link capacitor and the voltage through
the capacitor may vary among the cells. So, every power
circuit needs only a single dc voltage source. The quantity of
dc link capacitors depends on the number of phase voltage
levels .Every cell of H-Bridge can have positive, negative or
zero voltage. Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters usually
have IGBT switches [15]. Such switches have low block
voltage and high switching frequency.
Every single DC source is linked with a single H-
bridge converter & AC terminal voltages of various level
converters are joined in series and generate three different
voltage outputs, +Vdc, -Vdc and zero. The output of AC voltage
waveform is the summation of all converter outputs.
Now a day multilevel inverter get more popular in high
power application specially in variable speed drives and
interconnecting renewable source of energy with grid. Here
seven level Inverter is used to interconnect DVR with grid.
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
B
A
S1 S2
S1' S2'
S3 S4
S3' S4'
S5 S6
S5'
S6'
Figure 3: 7 Level CHB Inverter
2. COMPENSATION METHOD
DVR is used during compensation is depends on several
limiting factors such as: DVR power rating, condition of load
and type of voltage sags. Compensation is achieved via real
and reactive power injection in the system [8]. The
compensation is possible in three different ways:
A. Pre-sag compensation
B. In-phase compensation
C. Energy optimization
4.1 Pre-sag compensation
In this method, the non-linear loads which need both
voltage magnitude aswell asphase angle to be compensated.
This method isthe simplest wayofcompensationwhichinject
smallest amount of voltage, while it require the largest
amount of active power. The DVR supplies the difference
between the pre-sag and the sag voltage, thus restore the
voltage magnitude and phase angle to that of the pre-sag
value. Drawback of this method is that it requires higher
capacity energy storage device.
4.2 In-phase compensation
The compensated voltage isin phase with thesaggedvoltage,
therefore this technique minimize the voltage injectedbythe
DVR. The control system will then generate a reference
sinusoidal signal which is in-phase with the source voltage
and its magnitude is equal to depth of voltage sag. This
voltage is fed to the inverter and the compensating voltageis
generated which added to the source voltage and restorethe
load voltage. It is recommended for the linear loads.
4.3 Energy optimization
This method usually requires a large injection voltage.
The load will experience active power drop and phase jump:
but active power is not required, no need of active energy
source. This method is employed for protection of high
power loads.

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION & SIMULATION
RESULT
A 3Ø 7 level CHB based DVR for compensating
voltage sag is as shown in fig [4]. The compensator is
connected in series through a DIAC & LC filter at the PCC
(Point of coupling).
AC
Control
Circuit
Impedence
PCC PCC
Sensitive
Load
Vinj
Isupply
ILoad
Figure 4: System Diagram
The system parameters used for the simulation
study are shown in table 1.
TABLE II SYSTEM PARAMETERS
SystemParameters Values(Rating)
Sy stem voltage 480 V rms/phase
50 Hz AC Supply
Line Parameters R=0.2Ω , L=1e-3H
Line Filter Capacitor 90µF
Line Filter Inductor 1.1Mh
CHB Inverter Vdc=300V
No. of H Bridge cells per
phase= 3
PI controller gains Kp=-100 , Ki=0
The system shown in Fig [4] issimulated in MATLAB.TableII
shows the system parameters used in simulation.Thesystem
consist of source, load & in addition a CHB based DVR.
Converter
type
Medium
voltage
connection
Energy
storage
Switching
frequency
Voltage
balance
Unbalanced
compensation
Size of line
filter
Harmonic
mitigation
2 level Transformer Batteries High - No Medium No
2 level Transformer Batteries High - No Medium Yes
Direct
matrix
Transformer Grid High - No Medium No
AC-AC, buck,
boost
2 level, AC-
AC
CHB Direct Batteries Low - Yes Small Yes
CHB, DC-DC Direct Batteries Low - No Small No
CHB Direct Capacitors Low No Yes Small No
CHB
(current
study)
Direct Capacitors Low Yes Yes Small Yes

-1
0
1
Supply voltage(Vs)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
5(a)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
-1
0
1
Supply current
5(b)
Voltage injected by DVR Vi (abc)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
5(c)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
7 level CHB Inverter
5(d)
The waveform shows transition from 0.2 sec for all
the conditions the source voltages are assumed to be
balanced and sinusoidal
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Compensated Load VoltageVs)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
5(e)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
0
Load Current(IL)
5(f)
The figure 4 shows the performance of
uncompensated system. The supply currents are distorted
and unbalance due to the presence of voltage sag shown in
Figure [5]. Where figure 5[e] &5[f]shows waveforms of load
currents and load voltages respectively. The source voltages
& source currents are completely balanced & distortion free,
even in the presence of voltage sag. Figure 5[c] shows
waveform of voltage injected by DVR. Figure 5[d] shows the
output voltage of 7 level CHB inverter.
4. CONCLUSION
This paper mainly focused on the compensation of
voltage sag in the system for improving the quality of a
distribution system .The effectiveimplementationCHBbased
DVR results in a desirable output. The conventional DVR
increases the extra losses in the system because of coupling
transformer which is connected in series with the line. This
system ensures the power quality enhancement. Detailed
simulation results shown the effectiveness of DVR in a
distribution network.
REFERENCES
[1] ArindamGhosh, and Gerard Ledwich, “Power quality
enhancement using custom power devices,” Springer
International Edition, pp.241-285.
[2] N.G. Hingorani, and L. Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS,”
IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Press, Inc., New
York, pp. 135 207.
[3] EuzeliCipriano Dos Santos Jr. ,Edison Roberto Cabral Da
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and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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[5] Juan A. Martinez, Member, IEEE, and Jacinto Martin-
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