Learning unit 1 lectures
- 1. TO FAIL TO PLAN IS TO PLAN TO FAIL ANONYMOUS
- 3. JILL MITCHELL Email: jmitchell@vcconnect.co.za Background BSc(Hons) Chemical Engineering Chartered/Professional Engineer MBA – Bristol Business School, UK Currently studying for a PhD in Entrepreneurship at Pretoria University 25 years+ industry experience, specifically brewing , food & packaging industry 12 years+ small business management experience, UK & RSA:- setting up and running businesses
- 4. LEARNING OUTCOMES •Define projects. •Discuss the types of projects. •Define Project Management. •Describe the constraints experienced in a project. •Describe the importance of Project Management to the small business owner. •Describe the role of the Project Manager. •Describe the essential skills for successful project management. •Determine how Project Management and the Organisational Structure interlink. •Describe the Systems Approach. •Describe the three (3) Spheres Model and the four (4) Frames of Organisations. •Differentiate between the different phases of a project. •Describe the Project Processes. •Describe the nine (9) knowledge areas of the Project Management Body of knowledge. •Use the tools of the trade: Introduction to Excel and MS Project.
- 5. RECOMMENDED READING Lewis, J. (2007). Fundamentals of Project Management. Amacom, New York. Burke, R. (2007) Project Management Techniques. (College Edition). Burke Publishing. Heldman, K. (2005) Project Management Jumpstart Alameda, SYBEX inc.
- 6. INTRODUCTION Purpose Explain & apply the basic principles of project management - Project management principles - Phases of project - Roles within project management - Feasibility - Execution of project plans - Computerised project management systems
- 7. INTRODUCTION - Need to apply theory to practice - Cannot pass simply by memorising facts - Need a deep understanding of theory - Conceptualise and relate to real world scenarios
- 8. PROJECT MANAGEMENT – HOW NOT TO! Monkeys 01 0002
- 9. PROJECT DEFINITION ” A temporary endeavour, with a definite beginning and end that produces a unique product or service with dedicated resources. Ongoing operations have no definite beginning or end and produce the same product over and over” (Heldman,2005: pp. 2-3) “ A temporary endeavour undertaken to produce a unique product, service or result” (PMBOK, 2004: p5)
- 10. TYPES OF PROJECT - Administrative Projects - Construction Projects - Computer Software Development - Design of Plans Projects - Equipment or System Installation Projects - Event or Relocation Projects - Maintenance of Process Industry Projects - New Project Development Projects - Research Projects
- 11. GROUP EXERCISE Matching Project types Groups of 4 people Discuss and agree which category each project described comes into 20 minutes
- 12. PROJECT MANAGEMENT DEFINED “ …… the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements” (Springer et al, 2006: pp 1-3) “… application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to achieve project requirements. Project management is accomplished through the application and integration of the project management processes of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, controlling & closing” (PMBOK, 2004: p8)
- 13. PROJECT MANAGEMENT DEFINED - Approach to management of work within the constraints of time, cost and performance requirements - Body of knowledge concerned with principles, techniques and tools used in planning, control, monitoring and review of projects - (businessdictionary.com)
- 14. CASE STUDY LENOVO – THE USE OF PM TO IMPROVE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE GROUPS OF 4 30 MINUTES Read case study Discuss:- 1. What alternatives Lenovo could have considered other than the PM route 2. What key areas of PM do you think made this approach so successful for Lenovo 3. What difficulties/barriers do you think the Lenovo senior management team experienced when introducing this new management concept
- 15. MANAGING EXPECTATIONS Functionality Effort (time & Delivery Date Quality cost
- 16. HISTORY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT The History of Project Management
- 17. PROJECT CONSTRAINTS Changes in cost Changes in Changes in quality time Changes in scope Springer et al, (2006)
- 18. CONSTRAINTS SCOPE All activities that have to be performed on the project COST Resources cost money. Bring in project at lowest cost BUT to agreed standard TIME Completion date is critical. Many construction companies incur serious financial penalties if project is delivered late QUALITY Standard of workmanship and materials required by client. Crucial that agreed prior to project commencement. Written and agreed specification preferable
- 19. OTHER CONSTRAINTS Client satisfaction Availability of skilled workers Government legislation Weather Technical problems etc.
- 20. PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND THE SMALL BUSINESS OWNER Case Study:- Group exercise 4 people per group 20 minutes 1. Make a list of all possible people involved with a building project 2. List the possible roles that Andrew had to fulfil to build the house successfully
- 22. ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGER “…..the single point of responsibility, it is the project manager who integrates And coordinates all the contributions, and guides them to successfully complete the project” Burke (2007:p26)
- 23. SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT ….is accomplished through meeting the stakeholders’ needs and expectations, which will need to be clearly defined and documented
- 24. ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGER
- 25. PROJECT MANAGER SKILLS Film : Tips for PM
- 26. SKILLS FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Communication skills key to success - Organisation techniques - Time management skills - Ability to prioritise - Information management proficiency - People management - General management skills
- 27. PROJECT MANAGEMENT & ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE(SPRINGER AT AL) FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE Company structured according to funtional departments Departments probably work in relative isolation Directives come from the top and have a hierarchy down to staff Simple to understand Reporting lines are clear Traditional structure – most companies configure to Time consuming and inflexible Not good in a fast changing business environment Project managers usually have little power
- 28. PROJECT MANAGEMENT & ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE(SPRINGER AT AL) PROJECT STRUCTURE Usually designed for companies that complete projects for clients Project Manager in a position of authority Project Manager needs extensive experience Difficult to keep key people as not always projects available Many Project Managers employed on contract basis
- 29. PROJECT MANAGEMENT & ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE(SPRINGER AT AL) MATRIX STRUCTURE Mixture between functional and project Weak form: functional heads have more power than project managers Strong form: project managers have more power than functional heads Balanced Form: functional and project managers share power
- 30. INDIVIDUAL EXERCISE Summarise the advantages and disadvantages of the three different management structures:- 15 minutes Structure Advantage Disadvantage Functional Project Matrix
- 31. GROUP EXERCISE PROJECT PLAN You are required to design an “APP” for the Iphone Develop detailed working plan Select project team and appoint responsibilities Schedule Brainstorm ideas for proposed application Resources ESTABLISH PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE Costs Define responsibilities for each team member REPORT BACK Establish method of managing the project Prepare 2 page summary to include:- PROJECT DEFINITION Details of “APP” Confirm;- Project team and their responsibilities Objectives Resource plan Scope Time plan Benefits A summary of the risks and benefits of plan Risk Hand in the report at the end of session DEVELOP IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH 4. Please ensure that all names of Develop resource plan project team are included in the report. People Budget Materials
- 32. REVISION EXERCISE 1. Explain the difference between the terms “project” and “project management” 2. Explain how different constraints can possibly affect one another. 3. Explain why good project planning is crucial in the small business environment 4. Describe the role and function of a project manager in a project 5. Name the nine knowledge areas defined by PMBOK
- 33. ICE TASK NO 1 Using pages 13 -43 in your Project Management manual please complete :- Using the website www.worditout.com create a word cloud using the key principles and concepts of the theory that you have learned in the section of the manual detailed above. Print the word cloud and bring to the next lecture.
- 34. EXCEL SPREADSHEET ACTIVITY JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Budget COMMENTS Design "app" 35000 Prepare marketing plan 5000 Prepare business plan 7500 Develop sales presentation 5000 Present to Apple 500 Approval 0 Upload APP 1500 TOTAL 54500 Sales & Marketing budget 10000 Design and implementation Budget 36500