The document discusses decoders and encoders used in digital logic circuits. It provides examples of:
1) Designing a full binary adder using one decoder, where the sum and carry outputs are functions of the input and decoder output lines.
2) Implementing an encoder with OR gates to encode 2n input lines into n output lines.
3) A priority encoder that accepts multiple active inputs and encodes them, setting the output to the highest priority input value and indicating if any inputs are active. Truth tables are shown for a 4-input priority encoder.