Lesson 22 Managing Information and Information Technology
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Managers use information systems to process large amounts of data and information to support decision making. An information system consists of inputs, like data entry; processors that organize and analyze the data; outputs such as reports; and storage like databases. There are different types of information systems tailored to various management levels from transaction processing to strategic decision support. While information systems provide benefits like increased efficiency and collaboration, they also have limitations such as high costs and potential for inaccurate information.
Lesson 22 Managing Information and Information Technology
- 1. Slide content created by Joseph B. Mosca, Monmouth University. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Managing Information and Information Technology Presented by: DR RHEA LOWELLA S. FISER,RPsy, RPm, CSIOP 22
- 2. 22 - 2 Some information discarded Managers As Information Processors Information data Some information put to immediate use The Manager •Some information stored for possible use later. •Some information combined to form new information. Some information passed on to others
- 3. 22 - 3 Data Versus Information • Data: – Raw figures and facts reflecting a single aspect of reality. • Information: – Data presented in a way or form that has meaning.
- 4. 22 - 4 Related Terms • Information Technology: – The resources used by an organization to manage information that it needs to carry out its mission. • Accurate Information: – Provides a valid and reliable reflection of reality.
- 5. 22 - 5 Characteristics of Useful Information • Timely information: – Available in time for appropriate managerial action. • Complete information: – Provides managers with all the information they need. • Relevant information: – Assures managers that the information is useful to them in their particular circumstances for their particular needs.
- 6. 22 - 6 Information leaving the organization Information Management As Control Information entering the organization Organizational System: Information used in the organization Preliminary control Screening Control Postaction control
- 7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 22 - 7 Building Blocks of a Computer-Based Information System Input Medium Keyboard, scanner, other computer, network Processor Central processing unit to organize, manipulate, sort, or calculate data Output Medium Printer, video, display, other computer, network Storage Disk or CD-Rom Control System Software or other form of operating system
- 8. 22 - 8 Who Represents the Special User Category? • Knowledge workers: – Specialists, usually professionally trained and certified (engineers, scientists, information technology specialists, psychologists), who rely on information technology to design new products or create new business processes.
- 9. 22 - 9 Figure 22.4: Determinants of an Organization’s Information-Processing Needs
- 10. 22 - 10 Major Systems by Level • Transaction-Processing System: – TPS, applications of information processing for basic day-to-day business transactions. • Management Information System: – MIS, supports an organization’s managers by providing daily reports, schedules, plans, and budgets.
- 11. 22 - 11 Figure 22.5: A Basic Management Information System
- 12. 22 - 12 Systems by Level (cont’d): • Decision Support System: – DSS, an interactive system that locates and presents information needed to support the decision-making process. • Executive Support System: – ESS, a quick-reference, easy-access application of information systems specially designed for instant access by upper-level managers.
- 13. 22 - 13 Systems by Level (cont’d): • Artificial Intelligence: – AI, the construction of computer systems, both hardware and software, to imitate human behavior; in other words, systems that perform physical tasks, use thought processes, and learn.
- 14. 22 - 14 The Internet • What is the NET? – A gigantic network of networks serving millions of computers and offering information on business, science, and government and providing more than 170,000 separate networks around the world.
- 15. 22 - 15 Internet Service Provider (ISP): • A commercial firm that maintains a permanent connection to the Net and sells temporary connections to subscribers. • World Wide Web: – WWW, a system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information.
- 16. 22 - 16 Can You Define the Following? • Web browser: – The software that enables the user to access information on the web. • Intranet: – A communication network similar to the internet but operating within the boundaries of a single organization. • Extranet: – Network that allows selected outsiders limited access to an organization’s information system.
- 17. 22 - 17 Monitor system Test system Develop documentation Integrate databases, hardware, and systems Develop database Determine hardware needs Determine software needs Brief View on Creating Information Systems: Determine needs
- 18. 22 - 18 What Are Used to Protect Against Intrusion? • FIREWALLS: – Software and hardware systems that allow employees access to both the internet and the company’s internal computer network while barring entry by outsiders.
- 19. 22 - 19 Limitations of Information Systems Information systems are expensive and difficult to develop and implement. Information systems are not suitable for all tasks or problems. Managers sometimes rely on information systems too much. Information provided to managers may or not be as accurate, timely, complete, or relevant as it first appears. Managers may have unrealistic expectations of what the information system can do. The information system may be subject to sabotage computer viruses or downtime.
- 20. 22 - 20 The Impact of Information Systems on Organizations • Leaner organizations: – Leading to leaner companies with fewer employees. • More flexible operations: – Can offer customers greater variety and faster delivery cycles. • Increased collaboration: – Among internal unites and outside firms.
- 21. 22 - 21 Impact of Information Systems (cont’d): • More flexible work sites: – Separation of the workplace from company headquarters is more common. • Improved management processes: – Instantaneous information is accessible in a convenient, useable format. • Changed employee behavior: – Information systems usually improve employee efficiencies.
- 22. DR RHEA LOWELLA S. FISER, RPSY, RPm, CSIOP 09951100143 rheasantillan@live.com Thank you