lesson 5.pptx

Lesson 1
Close analysis and
Critical Interpretation of
Literature.

Literary Critical Analysis Close Critical Reading
• More Subjective. • Often Objective.
• Meaning is
influenced by the
interpretation.
• Detailed
examination of
the elements or
structure of
something.
• Meaning lies on
the passage or
text.
• Word recognition
and
comprehension.
• Evaluate
the text.
• Deduce
meaning.

Lesson 2
Critical interpretation of
Philippine Literature.

Lesson 3
Literary Forms and
Genres of Literature.

Lesson 4
Various 21st Century
Literary
Forms and Genres of
Philippine Literature.

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
GENRES
• HYPERTEXT
POETRY
• TEXTULA
• HOLOPOETRY
• PHOTO POEM
• DIGI-FICTION
• FLASH FICTION
• FAN FICTION
• METAFICTION
• SLIPSTREAM
• DOODLE FICTION
• BLOGS
• CHIC-LIT
• GRAPHIC LITERAUTRE
• JAPANESE MANGA
• GRAPHIC NOVELS

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS
LESSON
Directions: compare and contrast traditional from 21st
century literary forms using Venn diagram.
Traditional Forms 21st Century
Literary Forms

WHO IS IT?
Directions: Identify the author of the given literary text.
A. Jose Garcia Villa
B. Cirilo F. Bautista
C. Germino Abad

WHO IS IT?
A. Merlie Alunan
B. Benilda Santos
C. Merlinda Bobbis

WHO IS IT?
B. N.V.M. Gonzales
A. Jose Rizal
C. Edith Tiempo

WHO IS IT?
A. Marjorie Evasco
B. Nick Joaquin
C. Virginia Moreno
The Kingfisher

WHO IS IT?
B. Cirilo F. Bautista
A. Pete Labaca
C. Conchitina Cruz

Cirilo F. Bautista
LINGUISTIC
CULTURE
BACKGROUND
SOCIETY
PHILOSOPHY

Lesson 5
Contextual Interpretation and
Reading Approaches.
After this lesson, you are expected
to:
• differentiate the different contextual
ways one may evaluate a literary text,
and
• analyze literary texts of various
contexts using different contextual
strategies.

UNLOCKING UNFAMILIAR
TERMS
CONTEXT
 The background, environment,
setting, framework, or surroundings
of events or occurrences.
 The circumstances forming a
background of an event, idea, or
statement.

UNLOCKING UNFAMILIAR
TERMS
APPROACH
 The way a literary text is conveyed.

IMPORTANT CONCEPT
Text
Context

Literary Context
• The background information or
circumstances you provide to inform
why something is taking place.
• Context can also be the backstory of
a character, provided to inform their
behavior and personality.

Literary Context
• It is the knowledge or circumstances
that you offer to explain why
something is happening.

TYPES OF CONTEXT IN LITERATURE
1.Literary
Philosophical
Context
2. Literary
Biographical
Context
3. Literary
Sociocultural
Context
4. Literary
Linguistic
Context

1. Literary Philosophical Context
•Literature addresses age-old
questions of metaphysics, ethics,
and morality.
•It ponders the purpose of life, the
nature of God or the universe, right
versus wrong, death, and time.

•Questioning about your own
existence, the universe and why
certain scenarios happened.

•It also includes (ethics) morality and
behavior, pleasure and pain, fate and
free will, kindness and cruelty, and
anything else concerning human
actions.

Strategies used when reading:
Determine which philosophical trends
the author admires, and which he or she
is rejecting.
Find at least one work that explains the
philosopher’s ideas, whether it is written
by the philosopher or by someone else.

Reminders:
Philosophy is an activity of the intellect
where, using argument and clarification,
we strive to reach conclusions about the
nature of existence.
It employs discussion and debate to
build on past argument.

2. Literary Biographical Context
•Life story and background story of
the author.
•Author’s life may also affect his or
her own writing.
•Getting ideas from the author’s life
story will be essential in
understanding the text.

•Aside from the characters in the
literary piece, it is also essential for
readers to understand the author’s
background.
•Studying the author may be able to
connect the characters and their
morals.

•It helps to analyze the pattern of
behaviors shown between and among
the characters, authors, and the
readers.
Author
Reader
Characters

The importance:
Understanding the author’s life can help the
reader understand his or her work
thoroughly.
Reading the author’s biography or
autobiography helps reader see how much
his experiences shaped his or her work
directly and indirectly.

Strategies that should employ:
Research on what the author believes in
and also what he or she does not.
Look for the author’s other work and
analyze if there is a pattern regarding the
theme that is indicative of his or her life
and beliefs.

Reminders when reading:
• Reader should not assume that all works
are confessional, biographical or even
“true to life.”
• A literary text is according to the
author‘s perspective and will be heavily
influenced by him or her, but it is not the
only way.

Summary
1. Literary Philosophical Context- is an
approach which focuses on themes,
views of the world, moral statements,
and the author’s philosophy.
2. Literary Biographical Context- is
about the author’s life and perspective.

PRACTICE
Directions: Identify the type of Contextual Reading
Approach / strategy based on the given guide
questions. Choose the letter of your answer from
the choices below.
A. Biographical Context B. Philosophical Context
1.________ Is there anything significant
that happened in the author's life during
this time?
A

the choices below.
2.________ Are there characters and
situations in the text that could be
representative of or are like the ones in
the author's life?
A
PRACTICE

the choices below.
3.________ What idea does the author
accept or reject?
B
PRACTICE

the choices below.
4.________ Which among his/her work
explains the philosopher’s idea?
B
PRACTICE

the choices below.
5.________ How does the work fit into the
author’s life and what influence did that
life have on it?
A
PRACTICE

Generalization:
• Filipino poetry is unique in its creativity,
meaning and expression. In both English
or Filipino, there is always a certain brand
of artistry that our Filipino poets offer.

Activity
• Directions: Read the excerpt of the short
story My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken by
Alejandro Roces. Answer the questions that
follow and write a 5-10 sentence paragraph
explaining the context of the story.

Activity
•I know how I can prove to you that this
is a rooster.” “How?” I asked. “Would
you agree that this is a rooster if I make
it fight in the cockpit and it wins?” “If this
hen of yours can beat a gamecock, I will
believe anything,” I said. “All right,” he
said. “We’ll take it to the cockpit this
Sunday.”

Activity
So that Sunday we took the chicken to
the cockpit. Kiko looked around for a
suitable opponent. He finally picked a red
rooster. “Don’t match your hen against
that red rooster.” I told him.

Activity
“That red rooster is not a native chicken.
It is from Texas.” “I don’t care where it
came from,” my brother said. “My rooster
will kill it.”

Activity
“Don’t be a fool,” I said. “That red rooster
is a killer. It has killed more chickens than
the fox. There is no rooster in this town
that can stand against it. Pick a lesser
rooster.” My brother would not listen.

Activity
The match was made, and the birds were
readied for the killing. Sharp steel gaffs
were tied to their left legs. Everyone
wanted to bet on the red gamecock.

Activity
The fight was brief. Both birds were
released in the center of the arena. They
circled around once and then faced each
other. I expected our chicken to die of
fright. Instead, a strange thing happened.
A lovesick expression came into the red
rooster’s eyes.

Activity
That was all our chicken needed. It
rushed at the red rooster with its neck
feathers flaring. In one lunge, it buried its
spurs into its opponent’s chest. The fight
was over.

Comprehension Questions
1. Did the author grow up in the city or in
the province? Support your answer?
2. Are there characters and situations in
the text that could be like the author’s
experiences? Discuss your answer.

REFERENCES:
• http://www.poetrynook.com/poem/oh-how-find-silence-world
• https://www.bworldonline.com/poet-cirilo-bautista-76/
• http://thecirilobautista.blogspot.com/2013/03/his-works.html
• https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/673518.Cirilo_F_Bautista

https://www.google.com/search?q=CIRILO+F.+BAUTISTA+QUOTES&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUK
EwiPnoiIxdXzAhWjGKYKHbnsDdAQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1&safe=active&ssui=on#imgr
c=aWP-hfJr0f-1cM

PREVIOUSLY
1. Literary Philosophical Context- is an
approach which focuses on themes,
views of the world, moral statements,
and the author’s philosophy.
2. Literary Biographical Context- is
about the author’s life and perspective.

3. Literary Sociocultural Context
• It is important to take note of the year
or period the text was written
because the reader may be able to
identify the historical events that
took place in that year.

• Roots of an event’s cause and the
reason behind the characters’
motives and interests may be found.

• The reader may examine the factors
affecting the writing of the literary
text and how the work received by
the readers.

This helps reader to understand the
social, economic, political, and cultural
forces affecting the work.
Analyzing the text through this type
makes the reader examine the role of the
audience in shaping literature.
Importance of reading this type of
context:

• What is the relationship between the
characters or the speakers in the text and
their society?
• Does the text explicitly address issues of
gender, race and class?
• Who has the power and who does not?
• How does this story reflect the nation?
How can we analyze the text?

• Who has the economic or social power?
Is there oppression or class struggle?
• What is the prevailing social order? Does
the story or poem accept or challenge it?
How can we analyze the text?

• Avoid being biased.
• Set aside personal ideologies.
• Set aside your political ideologies.
• Always be fair.
What are the considerations?

4. Literary Linguistic Context
“Practically everything we do that is
specifically human is expressed in language.”
This is why literary texts can be read through
the context of the language used to write the
text as well as the way language is used in
the text. - David Ritcher

•Language used by the writer.
•Grammar, Syntax and semantic.
•Structure of language in the text.

•Reading through a linguistic context
focuses on the language used in the
literary work and how it is used to
convey the meaning.

Why reading through Linguistic Context?
• Reading only the text may help you
understand it by analyzing the words,
sentences, patterns and imagery.
• Analyzing the literary text’s grammar,
syntax, or phonemic pattern may help
the reader find the meaning of the text
within its form.

Strategies :
• Analyze the diction.
• Examine the text’s syntax or use of
sentences, clause and phrases.
• Observe the use of figurative languages.
• Analyze the mood and the tone of the text.
• Observe the text’s overall structure.

Before reading a text, take note of the following:
Structure of literature and the language
are not always the same.
The characteristics of the language in
which the text was written may help in
understanding the text.

Summary
3. Literary Linguistic context- looks into the
discourses that surround the language used,
which may help in determining and interpreting
characterization and mood.
4. Literary Socio-cultural context- depicts the
society in which the literary work is written. It
may include the strength, weaknesses, and
changes occurring in the society during the
period in which the text was set.

Do you have any
question in your mind?

Practice:
________1. Does the story uphold these
customs and traditions or question them?
________2. Does the text explicitly address
issues of gender, race, or class?
Directions: Identify the type of Contextual Reading Approach /
strategy based on the given guide questions. Choose the letter of
your answer from the choices below:
A. Biographical Context B. Linguistic Context
C. Sociological Context
C
C

Practice:
________3. Is there anything significant that
happened in the author's life during this time?
________4. What is the relationship between
the characters or the speakers in the text and
their society?
Directions: Identify the type of Contextual Reading Approach / strategy
based on the given guide questions. Choose the letter of your answer
from the choices below:
A
C

Practice:
________5. Are the sentences in the usual
order of subject-predicate?
________6. What can you infer about the text
based on the title?
B
B

Practice:
________7. Are the images used stand for
anything aside from their literal meaning?
_________.8 Does money or finances play
a large role in the narrative?
B
C

Practice:
_________9. Are there characters and
situations in the text that could be
representative of or are like the ones in
the author's life?
_________10. What does this say about
the country and its inhabitants?
A
C

LET’S RECAP!
__________.1 Linguistic Context, helps you
understand text through socio-cultural and
political the work that you are reading.
___________2. Previewing helps prepare
your mind for the barrage of information that
is to come when you do the actual reading.
Directions: Read each statement carefully and tell whether the
statement is True or False. Write your answer on the space
provided
FALSE
TRUE

LET’S RECAP!
__________3. Biographical Context is
analyzing the literary text’s grammar, syntax,
or phonemic pattern may help you find the
meaning of the text within its form.
___________4. Sociocultural Context is
analyzing characters and situations in the
text that could be representative of or are like
the author’s life.
provided
FALSE
FALSE

LET’S RECAP!
___________5. Analyzing a text entails
evaluating the data given to support the
author's point of view (s).
provided
TRUE

Cirilo F. Bautista
• Cirilo F. Bautista is a Filipino
poet, fictionist, critic and writer of
nonfiction. He was conferred with
the National Artist of the
Philippines award in 2014.
• Born: 9 July 1941 (age 77), Balic
Balic Sampaloc Manila,
Philippines

Cirilo F. Bautista
• Notable award: National
Artist of the Philippines
• Education: University of
Santo Tomas

Cirilo F. Bautista
• Books: The trilogy of Saint
Lazarus, Galaw ng asoge.
• Awards: Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Poetry in Filipino.
• Major works: Summer
Suns (1963), Words and
Battlefields (1998), The Trilogy of
Saint Lazarus (2001), Galaw ng
Asoge (2003).

Cirilo F. Bautista
• Is a poet, fictionist and essayist
with exceptional achievements
and significant contributions to
the development of the country's
literary arts.
• He is acknowledge by peers and
critics and the national at large
as the foremost writer of his
generation.

Cirilo F. Bautista
• Throughout his career that
spans more than four decades,
he has establish a reputation
for fine and profound artistry:
his books, lecture, poetry
readings and creative writing
workshops continue to
influence his peer and
generations of young writers.

Cirilo F. Bautista
• He remains the only Filipino to
be given an honorary degree
from the prestigious
International Program at the
University of Iowa.

Cirilo F. Bautista
• “For artists, art does not just
imitate life,” Cirilo F. Bautista
said, surrounded by the words
he savored and the people he
love. “Art becomes the life.”

Cirilo F. Bautista
• “misfortune and creativity go
together.”
• “We seek in literature what we
cannot find in life, and in life
what literature promises.”

Cirilo F. Bautista
• “[T]he greater the suffering, the
greater the literary quality.”
• “Nevertheless we laughed as
best we could. Because we are
helpless while we are loved.”

“Oh How to Find Silence in the
World”
Being spotted in the color of skin,
why I take care in San Francisco,
waiting for the bus to Iowa.
They say racial prejudice is strong,

• Iowa is a U.S. state in
the Midwestern United
States, bordered by
the Mississippi
River on the east and
the Missouri River and
the Big Sioux River on
the west.

Negros and not whites kawawa,
and because of this they will revolt*.
I shiver^ and shiver from fear and hunger
because I just landed from Tokyo.
*to experience disgust or shock
^to break into many small pieces.
World”

A Negro came into the station—
naka-African hairdo; he holds a small
Whip*: it’s scary to look, so
I did not look at him.
*a strip of leather or length of cord fastened to a handle, used for
flogging or beating a person or for urging on an animal
World”

Kumakalansing the metal on the strings
of his shoes
and he shouts, “Peace, brothers!”
Smiled showing
white teeth. Looked at me—
maybe he laughed at what he
saw—
World”

a tiny dayuhan, dark and from
some lupalop. Upside down
my insides went in fright and pulled
a cigarette so the redness of my face
World”

wouldn’t show. I nahalata
that the Whites there too were quiet
so quiet, unable to speak in front
of that Negro. Only when he left returned
World”

the normalcy* in the station—others
read again, neighbors gossiped again,
laughter, the janitor sweeped again.
After a while that Negro passed again
*the state of being normal
World”

two white Americanas on each arm,
blonde, their beauty with no equal.
The janitor stopped sweeping.
I thought, “So this is racial prejudice*.”
*Damage resulting from some judgment
World”

Comprehension Questions:
• Who is the persona in the poem?
• How’s the author’s experience in
traveling to Iowa? Did this help you
visualize the character?
Literary Biographical Context

•What is the idea of the author
regarding racial prejudice?
•How does his philosophy contribute
to the poem?
Literary Philosophical Context

• What’s the social status or classification of
people in that specific country?
Literary Socio-cultural Context

• What part of the poem made you conclude that it
is all about racial prejudice?
• How many literary devices did the author use in
the poem? Share your insights.
• Why is the poem written in Taglish and broken
sentences/lines?
Literary Linguistic Context

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