The document discusses maxims of teaching, which are principles that simplify and guide the teaching process. Some of the key maxims covered include teaching from the simple to complex, known to unknown, seen to unseen, particular to general, concrete to abstract, whole to part, analysis to synthesis, indefinite to definite, empirical to rational, psychological to logical, following nature, training the senses, and encouraging study. These maxims are intended to create a joyful learning environment that develops critical thinking and scientific attitude in students through active learning.