Model design to develop online web based questionnaire

TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 20, No. 5, October 2022, pp. 979∼987
ISSN: 1693-6930, DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i5.23768 ❒ 979
Model design to develop online web based questionnaire
Julian Wesley1
, Fifilia2
, Cynthia Catrine1
, Dennis Antony1
, Ferdian Rizky Estefan1
1Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia 11480
2Information System Department, School of Information Systems, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia 11480
Article Info
Article history:
Received Jul 19, 2021
Revised Jun 15, 2022
Accepted Jul 01, 2022
Keywords:
Design
Features
Online
Questionnaire
Web Based
ABSTRACT
This research aims to create a web-based application for sharing questionnaires.
The developed features are creating questionnaires, sharing questionnaire in the
dashboard, filter the questionnaire as the requested criterias, exchange the re-
warded coins for gifts, export questionnaire data to a document, set a limit for
the questionnaire for each device. The development will be using data collecting
using questionnaire and literature study. Then, software development life cycle
(SDLC) waterfall research methodology will be used for the website system de-
velopment. Result of this research will be a website application that will be used
for questionnaire maker so that they can reach the respondent count target, have
a suitable respondent (minimize respondent who does not meet the criteria), and
also can collect more validated data.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Julian Wesley
Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
Email: julianwesley@binus.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
Data is the source of information. Data is an illustration of things and events that we face, a reality
that describes real events and unity [1]. To be able to draw conclusions, a data collection stage is needed. Data
collection method is a technique used by researchers or system analysts to be able collect important facts [2].
So the process of collecting data is important, because the information collected and how it is explained is
determined by the methodology and analytical approach applied by the researcher in the research [3]. Survey
is an activity that aims to collect information about a large population and relatively quickly [4]. The basic
characteristic in applying the survey method is data collected that has certain standards which are generally
designed in the form of questionnaires or interviews [5]–[7].
One of the most frequently used methods to collect research data is a questionnaire, because the main
purpose of a questionnaire is to help extract data from respondents. The advantages of using a questionnaire are
that it saves a budget, does not require special equipment, the measurement results are based on user opinions
also can provide information about the strengths and weaknesses of a product or service [8]. Questionnaires
allow quantitative data to be collected in a standardized manner so that the data is internally consistent and
coherent for analysis [9]. Questionnaires also have more advantages than it disadvantages, particularly for the
low response rate [5], [6], [10]–[12].
Generally, in traditional way researchers will print out questionnaires and distribute them to respon-
dents randomly or even to some selected respondent [13], [14]. There are several ways available to create and
share questionnaires, such as via the web, email, and more [15], [16]. However, distributing questionnaires
via email is rarely used because it is less practical, and causes a lack of respondents’ answers [17]. Currently
Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id

980 ❒ ISSN: 1693-6930
most of practitioners also using questionnaires that already available on the website because they are con-
sidered more effective related to the sensitive issues, can reduce the risk of social bias, and respondents can
answer more honestly because there is no interviewer, allows more data to be collected than with conventional
mailed paper questionnaires [18]–[20]. Dissemination of questionnaires using web can be used to collect data
without limitations of space and time also making it easier to recruit large numbers of participants, so the re-
spondents can fill it out anywhere and anytime they want by online [20]. The main obstacle in data collection
through questionnaires is not all surveys can be successfully carried out [21]. Problem that is often faced in
data collection through questionnaires is the difficulty of getting the respondents, so that the predetermined
target number of respondents is difficult to achieve. That low participation of respondents of this questionnaire
is called non-response error, which is divided into three types, namely individuals who do not participate or
non-response units, individuals who leave when filling out a survey or partial non-response, and individuals
who fail to provide an answer to an individual question or non-response item [22].
In addition to the number of respondents, the validity of the data also very important. The low response
rate in data collection will allow the research data to be not credible and have a poor quality. Biased research
results make it lack or even have no credibility to be used as a basis for policy making by the authorities [23].
One of technique to check the validity or credibility of the data is triangulation technique. Data triangulation
is checking data by means of re-examination, or in colloquial terms it is called check and recheck. Data that is
declared valid through triangulation will provide confidence for researchers about its validity, so there will be
no doubt in making the conclusions about the research conducted [24].
Based on these problems, we want to develop an idea to create a web-based application that brings
together respondents with questionnaire makers. By implementing a web-based application, it will help to
distribute the questionnaire without being hindered by time and place, so that can become a solution for data
collection. There are some added features such as coin collection features. The application of this current
trend is expected to increase the response rate, the motivation of respondents in completing when filling out the
questionnaire [25], as well as increasing the number of respondents who can fill out the questionnaire, and it is
hoped that the respondents do not leave in the middle of filling out the questionnaire. An additional feature that
will be added in the design is the filter feature, so that the questionnaire can only be filled out by respondents
who meet the criteria, as well as the share on dashboard feature so that the questionnaire can be viewed and
filled out by more respondents.
2. METHOD
This study aimed to establish the concept and model of online questionnaire design, in order to develop
the model, waterfall in software development life cycle by Sommerville [26], where the development phase is
carried out sequentially. The advantage of using this method is that the data collection process must be defined
first. The following are the details of the stages in designing an application based on the framework from the
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Application research and development flow
- Problem identification: at this stage we identify the problems faced by many people around, which
solutions have not been found yet.
- Data collection: at the data collection stage, in addition to using literature studies and comparison of
similar applications, questionnaires were also used as a tool to collecting data. The questionnaire was
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 20, No. 5, October 2022: 979–987

TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control ❒ 981
prepared a Likert scale and a Guttman scale. Likert scale 5 level with neutral label in the middle/third
position is used, while Guttman scale is a scale that has firm answers, such as true or false, yes or no,
ever or never, and so on.
- Data analysis: after getting the result of distributing the questionnaires, we analyzed the results of the
questionnaires.
- Development planning: at this stage, the author makes a timeline to arrange the application development
schedule to be more structured.
- Create blueprint of the system: at this stage,we design the system by creating unified model language
(UML) class diagrams, an entity relationship diagram (ERD), and designing mockups or application user
interfaces [27].
- System development: at this stage, we start the application using the Laravel framework, the Angular
framework, and MySQL.
- Testing: at the testing stage, we test the system on the application by testing with the black-box testing
method.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Data collection using literature study technique is carried out to support application development,
bench-marking on several similar applications, and also with questionnaire. Questionnaire is carried out within
a period of 1 month (October 2020 – November 2020) through online media. The following below are the
results and analysis obtained.
3.1. Similar application analysis
The following below are the result of bench-marking on several similar applications using three types
of online questionnaire applications. Similar applications offer several features to make it easier for users.
Some features that make BuddyQ differs with existing application includes profile to make it easier for user
to manage their profile, questionnaire making, set respondent criteria to be able the user to set the criteria of
the respondents, data convert, filter the questionnaire, reward feature by points, coin exchange, limitation of
respondents per devices, change themes. This comparison is carried out to find out and compare the features
of three types of applications, as well as a reference in adding features to the application that will be designed.
The detail comparison can be seen on the Table 1.
Table 1. Comparison table of features with the similar applications
Features X apps Y apps Z apps BuddyQ
Profile v x v v
Questionnaire making v v v v
Set respondent criteria v x v v
Questionnaire sharing on dashboard v x x v
Questionnaire sharing by shareable link v v v v
Data convert x v v v
Filter the questionnaire v x v v
Rewarding feature by points v x x v
Coin exchange v x x v
Limitation of respondents per device x x v v
Change themes x v v v
3.2. Respondent description
Questionnaire distributed to 1383 respondent by using online media, though only 124 respondents who
filled it in completely. Among 124 respondent who filled out, it was known that 117 respondents had made an
online questionnaire while 7 respondents had never made it. There are 19 questions regarding the habits and
activities of users of the online questionnaire application, which consist of several categories, including: the
user demographics, the usefulness of the questionnaire application from the user’s perspective, difficulties in
using the application, the importance of the features offered in the online application.
Model design to develop online web based questionnaire (Julian Wesley)

982 ❒ ISSN: 1693-6930
3.3. Questionnaire data analysis
3.3.1. Features highlight
Based on the result of data collection and also a comparison of similar applications, the features that
can be developed to create an online questionnaire filling application, include: i) coin feature: this feature will
be developed to provide rewards to users, especially respondents from online questionnaires. This feature is
adapted from similar applications that reward respondents. However, this application will provide flexibility
in the rewards withdrawal that collected from the results of filling out the questionnaire. This feature aims to
attract respondents’ interest in filling out online questionnaires; ii) filter questionnaire feature: this feature will
be developed to help users, especially questionnaire maker to perform data processing of respondent who filled
out; and iii) questionnaire sharing on dashboard feature: this feature will be developed to help users share their
questionnaires, so more respondents can fill out.
3.3.2. Features in the application
All features in the application design based on the data obtained includes:
- Profile: the profile feature allows users to fill in their personal data which will be used for filtering needs.
Personal data that needs to be filled in is full name, date of birth, gender, occupation, and domicile.
- Questionnaire making: users can create a questionnaire according to their needs, change the appearance
of the questionnaire they created by adding a photo as a header, and change the theme of the questionnaire
to a variety of color choices.
- Questionnaire sharing: users can share their questionnaire on the application dashboard and create as a
shareable link. Questionnaires that are distributed to the application dashboard can be filled out by the
other users who meet the criteria set by the questionnaire maker.
- Limit the number of respondents: this feature allows users to set how many response limits they want to
receive. In addition, users can also set whether they want to use the limit per device feature, so that no
respondent can use their electronic device to fill out the same questionnaire more than one time.
- Determine respondent criteria: the questionnaire maker can set the respondent’s criteria, such as the age,
gender, occupation, or domicile, so that the questionnaire created by the maker can only be filled out by
specific respondents who match the target.
- Questionnaire filter: this feature will filter which questionnaire will appear on the dashboard for each
user. Users can only view and fill out the questionnaires if they are match with the criteria set by ques-
tionnaire maker.
- Data export: after the questionnaire makers get the final results or responses, they can export the data
obtained into documents with .xlsx extension or excel.
- Coin collection and exchange: if the user has filled out the questionnaire from their dashboard, they will
get a number of coins. After reaching a certain amount, the collected coins can be exchanged for various
types of attractive prizes such as balances or vouchers.
3.4. Proposed system design
From the data collected through literature studies, bench-marking of similar application, and ques-
tionnaires. Then those data will be analyzed to be used in the online questionnaire application design stage. At
the design stage of this proposed system, we create an entity relationship diagrams (ERD), class diagrams, and
user interface.
3.4.1. Class diagram
Class diagram serves to show the class name, attributes, workings, and relationships between classes
in the proposed system. The class diagram describes the process flow of the designed application, by describing
the class diagram components according to the feature offered in the online questionnaire design. Class diagram
of the proposed system can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Class diagram design of application
3.4.2. ERD
In addition to the class diagram, the following is an ERD design from the online questionnaire appli-
cation design. Based on the data that has been analyzed, then a design is formed that describes the relationship
between entities and their attributes in detail. The following is a detailed ERD plan which can be seen in Figure
3.
3.4.3. User interface
Figure 4 shows the home page, which is can be seen by the registered user in the application for the
first time. On this page, user can fill out the questionnaire by pressing isi kuesioner on the list of questionnaires
provided. Users can also view the total coins owned, go to the my form page by pressing the buat form or form
saya on the side navbar, go to the coin exchange page by pressing aku mau hadiah or tukar koin on the side
navbar, as well as to the frequently asked question (FAQ) page by pressing the FAQ button on the side navbar.
Figure 5 shows the my form page, where users can create a new questionnaire by pressing the buat form baru
button or view a questionnaire that has already been created before. To create the new questionnaire, user can
use “add questionnaire page”. On this page, user can design the questionnaire according to their needs, such as
change the background color, write the title of the questionnaire, or even create the questions. Figure 6 shows
questionnaire preview page, which can be seen by users when they finished design the new questionnaire in
the Figure 5. This page displays the results of the designed questionnaire that has been made. On this page we
can also find out how the questionnaire looks for respondents, so that we have the same look and feel with the
respondents.
Figure 7 shows view questionnaire results page, which can be seen to see all the repondents’ respond.
In this page, user can also choose whether they want to stop receiving incoming responses by enabling the
berhenti menerima respons toogle. Apart from that, users can also download all received responses as ‘.xlsx’
or as Microsoft Excel file extensions. Filter feature also will be created in this page to make it easier to find the
needed data. Figure 8 shows coin exchange page, which will display various prizes that can be exchanged by
users using the collected coins. If user presses the lihat detail button, they will be redirected to the prize details
page. To get the gift, user only need to press the tukar sekarang button on the desired prize. On this page, users
can also view the history of the gifts that have been redeemed by pressing the histori penukaran.

984 ❒ ISSN: 1693-6930
Figure 3. Entity relationship diagram of application
Figure 4. Home page design

Figure 5. Add questionnaire page design Figure 6. Questionnaire preview page design
Figure 7. View questionnaire results page design Figure 8. Coin exchange page design
4. CONCLUSION
This research focuses on the development of features in an online-based questionnaire application, that
are expected to help the problem of response rate while filling out the questionnaire in the data collection stage.
Additional feature development is carried out using bench-marking and data collection through questionnaires.
Bench-marking is done to find out similar applications and see the features offered, while questionnaire data
is used to see the habits and features expected by users when using similar applications. The UML design
made is be applied to the development of an online questionnaire system in the future. The development of
this application will be carried out by building new similar applications using basic features in data collection
and also applying the expected features by the users, so that it can be help to mitigate problems in the usage of
online questionnaire application users.
REFERENCES
[1] P. Ranganathan and N. J. Gogtay, “An introduction to statistics - data types, distributions and summarizing data,” Indian journal of
critical care medicine, vol. 23, 2019, doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23198.
[2] T. Connolly and C. Begg, Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management, Pearson Educa-
tion, 2015. ISBN 9781292061849. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=kl1TDwAAQBAJ.
[3] E. Paradis, B. O’Brien, L. Nimmon, G. Bandiera, and M. A. T. Martimianakis, “Design: Selection of data collection methods,”
Journal of graduate medical education, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 263-264, 2016, doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-16-00098.1.
[4] J. Ponto, “Understanding and evaluating survey research,” Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.
168-171, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4601897/.
[5] D. D. Dillman, Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (2007 update with new Internet, visual, and mixed-mode
guide)., New York: John Wiley, 2007. ISBN 047003856X, 9780470038567.
[6] D. A. Dillman, “The Design and Administration of Mail Surveys,” Annual Review Sociology, vol. 17, pp. 225–249, 1991, doi:
10.1146/annurev.so.17.080191.001301.
[7] M. Kasunic, “Designing an effective survey,” Software Engineering Institute, Sep. 2025. [Online]. Available: https:
//resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?assetid=7277.
[8] A. Purwinarko, M. Subagja, and A. Yanuarto, “The evaluation of final assignment system using the
USE questionnaire approach,” Scientific Journal of Informatics, vol. 7, no. 2, 2020, [Online]. Available:
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/sji/article/view/26053.
[9] S. Roopa and R. Menta Satya, “Questionnaire designing for a survey,” The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, vol. 46, no. 4, pp.

986 ❒ ISSN: 1693-6930
37-41, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1104.
[10] R. M. Groves and E. Peytcheva, “The impact of nonresponse rates on self-selection bias a meta-analysis,” Public opinion quarterly,
vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 167–189, 2008, doi: 10.1093/poq/nfn011.
[11] L. Kanuk and C. Berenson, “Mail surveys and response rates: A literature review,” Journal of marketing research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp.
440–453, 1975, doi: 10.2307/3151093.
[12] J. R. Nevin and N. M. Ford, “Effects of a deadline and a veiled threat on mail survey responses,” Journal of Applied Psychology,
vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 116-118, 1976, doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.61.1.116.
[13] L. Hohwu, H. Lhysol, M. Gissler, S. H. Jonsson, M. Petzold, and C. Obel “Web-based versus traditional paper questionnaires: a
mixed-mode survey with a nordic perspective,” Journal of medical Internet research, vol. 15, no. 8, 2013, doi: 10.2196/jmir.2595.
[14] J. F. Ebert, L. Huibers, B. Christensen, and M. B. Christensen, “Paper- or web-based questionnaire invitations as a method for data
collection: Cross-sectional comparative study of differences in response rate, completeness of data, and financial cost,” Journal of
medical Internet research, vol. 20, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.2196/jmir.8353.
[15] J. R. Evans and A. Mathur, “The value of online surveys,” Internet Research, vol. 15, no. 2, Apr. 2005, doi:
10.1108/10662240510590360.
[16] N. Michaelidou and S. Dibb, “Using email questionnaires for research: Good practice in tackling nonresponse,” Journal of Targeting,
Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, vol. 14, pp. 289–296, 2006, doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jt.5740189.
[17] R. Kent and H. Brandal, “Improving email response in a permission marketing context,” International Journal of Market Research,
vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1–13, 2003, doi: 10.1177/147078530304500404.
[18] P. Vicente and E. Reis, “Using questionnaire design to fight nonresponse bias in web surveys,” Social Science Computer Review,
vol. 28, no. 2, May 2010, doi: 10.1177/0894439309340751.
[19] A. L. Holbrook, M. C. Green, and J. Krosnick, “Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing of national probability samples with
long questionnaires: Comparisons of respondent satisficing and social desirability response bias,” Public Opinion Quarterly, vol.
67, no. 1, pp. 79-125, Mar. 2003, doi: 10.1086/346010.
[20] J. C. Wyatt, “When to use web-based surveys,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, vol. 7, no. 4, pp.
426–430, Jul. 2000, doi: 10.1136/jamia.2000.0070426.
[21] A. Diamantopoulos and B. B. Schlegelmilch, “Determinants of industrial mail survey response: A surveyon-surveys anal-
ysis of researchers’ and managers’ views,” Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 505–531, 1996, doi:
10.1080/0267257X.1996.9964432.
[22] V. Toepoel, “Selecting survey software,” SAGE Publications Ltd, London, 2016, doi: 10.4135/9781473967243.
[23] A. Bowling, “Mode of questionnaire administration can have serious effects on data quality,” Journal of Public Health, vol. 27, no.
3, pp. 281–291, 2005, doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdi031.
[24] N. Carter, D. B-Lukosius, A. Dicenso, J. Blythe, and A. J. Neville, “The use of triangulation in qualitative research,” Oncology
Nursing Forum vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 545–547, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1188/14.ONF.545-547.
[25] O. Lipps et al., “Incentives in surveys,” Jun. 2019, doi: 10.24449/FG-2019-00008.
[26] I. Sommerville, Software Engineering, ser. International Computer Science Series. Pearson, 2011. ISBN 9780137053469. [Online].
Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=l0egcQAACAAJ.
[27] J. W. Satzinger, R. B. Jackson, and S. D. Burd, Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Cengage Learning, 2015. ISBN
9781305465268. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pzR-BAAAQBAJ.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Julian Wesley currently holds a dual appointment as a Software Engineer at Grow Finan-
cial PTE. Ltd. and Lecturer Specialist of Game Application Technology at Bina Nusantara University
in Jakarta, Indonesia. He can be contacted at email: JulianWesley@binus.ac.id.
Fifilia currently holds a dual appointment as a Senior Manager at ElysianNxt and Lecturer
of Information System at Bina Nusantara University in Jakarta, Indonesia. She can be contacted at
email: fifilia1302@binus.ac.id.

Cynthia Catrine currently is a final year undergraduate student in Computer Science
major. Cynthia worked as a Quality Assurance in PT. Emerio Indonesia in their internship, and also
do a freelance as a Social Media Specialist in a Coding Studio company based in Jakarta. She can be
contacted at email: cynthia.catrine@binus.ac.id.
Dennis Antony currently is a final year undergraduate student in Computer Science ma-
jor. Dennis worked as a Quality Assurance in PT. Emerio Indonesia in their internship. He can be
contacted at email: dennis.antony@binus.ac.id.
Ferdian Rizky Estefan currently is a final year undergraduate student in Computer Science
major. Ferdian worked as a .NET Developer in PT. Emerio Indonesia in their internship. He can be
contacted at email: ferdian.estefan@binus.ac.id.

Model design to develop online web based questionnaire

More Related Content

Similar to Model design to develop online web based questionnaire (20)

More from TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Model design to develop online web based questionnaire