PACE-IT: Special IP Networking Concepts - N10 006
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The document provides an overview of special IP networking concepts, including the structure and function of media access control (MAC) addresses, collision and broadcast domains, and various types of network transmissions used in IPv4 and IPv6. It discusses how Ethernet networks use carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to manage network traffic and prevent data collisions. Additionally, it highlights the importance of MAC addresses in directing network packets and details the distinction between collision domains and broadcast domains.
PACE-IT: Special IP Networking Concepts - N10 006
- 2. Page 2 Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications PC Hardware Network Administration IT Project Management Network Design User Training IT Troubleshooting Qualifications Summary Education M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues into efficient and effective solutions. Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse workforces, improving processes, analyzing business needs and creating the solutions required— with a focus on technology.
- 3. Page 3 – The media access control address. – Collision domains vs. broadcast domains. – Types of network transmissions. PACE-IT.
- 4. Page 4 Special IP networking concepts.
- 5. Page 5 All networking interfaces come with a special address already configured—the media access control (MAC) address. The MAC address is often referred to as the physical address or the burned in address of the interface. While the MAC address may be changed (or spoofed), most often it is set by the manufacturer and never changes. Switches and other Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Layer 2 (data link layer) devices rely upon the MAC address in order to get network packets to the correct destinations. Special IP networking concepts.
- 6. Page 6 – MAC address format. » MAC addresses come in two basic different formats that are either 48, or 64 bits in length and are represented by hexadecimal numbers. » Both formats can be broken down into two parts—the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) and the Extended Unique Identifier (EUI). • The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) assigns all electronics manufacturers their own 24-bit OUI, which makes up the first portion of the MAC. • Each manufacturer assigns either a 24-bit or 40-bit EUI to each device that is produced. » Theoretically, no two interfaces will have the same MAC address. – EUI-64 » IPv6 requires that the node address be in an EUI-64 format. • If the EUI of the interface is only 24-bits in length, it is split into two parts, and 16-bits of padding (fffe) are added to create the EUI-64 format address. Special IP networking concepts.
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- 8. Page 8 Ethernet networks use a technology called Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) when transmitting data. All Ethernet devices have equal access to the network media and are capable of transmitting data at any time. This can lead to data collisions. With CSMA/CD, a device listens to the carrier signal on the network media. If no other device is transmitting, the device is free to send data. If another device sends data at the same time, a collision is possible, which can corrupt the data. The devices listen for collisions. If a collision occurs, the devices will stop transmitting and wait a random period of time before attempting to transmit again. Special IP networking concepts.
- 9. Page 9 – Collision domains. » An area of the network where network packets can collide. • A collision can occur when two devices send packets at the same time. » Collision domains are broken up by switches, bridges, and routers. » Collision domains are not broken up by hubs. – Broadcast domains. » Defined as all the nodes that can be reached by a broadcast transmission. • All nodes that can be reached reside in the same network. » Broadcast domains cannot pass routers, so the domain is also defined by the subnet mask (last available address that is allowed by the mask). – Special note. » Technically, IPv6 does not use broadcast transmissions. • IPv6 utilizes multicast instead of broadcast transmissions. Special IP networking concepts.
- 10. Page 10 Special IP networking concepts.
- 11. Page 11 – Types of IPv4 network transmissions. » Unicast: a specific source address transmission going to a specific source destination address. • One-to-one communication. » Multicast: a specific source address transmission going to a set of registered destination addresses. • One-to-a-few communication. » Broadcast: a specific source address transmission going to all addresses on the local network. • One-to-all communication. – Types of IPv6 network transmissions. » Unicast: one-to-one communication. » Multicast: one-to-a-few communication. » Anycast: a specific source address transmission going to a specific IPv6 address that has been assigned to multiple devices. The router uses an algorithm to determine which MAC address is the closest and only that device receives the anycast transmission. • One-to-the-closest communication. Special IP networking concepts.
- 12. Page 12 PACE-IT. All network devices come with MAC address (also called the physical address or burned in address) which are used by Layer 2 network devices to deliver network packets to the correct nodes on the network. The MAC address is composed of the OUI, which is assigned by the IEEE and the EUI, which is assigned by the manufacturer. IPv6 requires an EUI-64 format address. Topic The media access control address. Summary Ethernet networks utilize CSMA/CD to alleviate network traffic collisions. Collision domains are areas of the network in which network traffic can occur. Collision domains are broken up by Layer 2 and higher devices. Broadcast domains are areas of the network that will receive broadcast network traffic. IPv6 uses multicast transmissions in place of broadcasts. Collision domains vs. broadcast domains. IPv4 uses unicast (one-to-one communication), multicast (one to a few communication), and broadcast (one-to-all communication) network transmissions. IPv6 also uses unicast and multicast transmissions. In addition, IPv6 uses anycast (one-to-the-closest) network transmissions to deliver network traffic to the nearest device that has a specific IPv6 address, which has been assigned to multiple devices. Types of network transmissions.
- 14. This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53. PACE-IT is an equal opportunity employer/program and auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. For those that are hearing impaired, a video phone is available at the Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) office in Mountlake Terrace Hall 159. Check www.edcc.edu/ssd for office hours. Call 425.354.3113 on a video phone for more information about the PACE-IT program. For any additional special accommodations needed, call the SSD office at 425.640.1814. Edmonds Community College does not discriminate on the basis of race; color; religion; national origin; sex; disability; sexual orientation; age; citizenship, marital, or veteran status; or genetic information in its programs and activities.