Introduction to open access principles & discussions

Introduction to open
access principles &
discussions

Iryna Kuchma
Open Access Programme Manager
Open Access for Sharing Research Output in
Tanzania and Beyond Workshop, April 10, 2013

www.eifl.net Attribution 3.0 Unported

EIFL Open Access
Programme
Higher visibility & impact of scholarly
publications, international co-operation, &
community building
510+ OA repositories & 3,400+ OA journals
in EIFL partner countries
38 OA policies in the EIFL network that
ensure that research funded by institutions
is made freely available

“Restrictive access policies drastically
reduces readership of electronic research
journal articles. OA provides an environment
within which literature and scholarly
research articles are made freely accessible
online without license restrictions and
without charging users subscription or
access fees. OA is a vital means of
dissemination of information which is
crucial for national development and in
achieving MDGs, given the crucial role that
information plays in achieving social, economic,
cultural and political development.”
Professor Frank Youngman, DVC, University of Botswana

Open access (OA) is free,
immediate, online
access to the results of
research, coupled with
the right to use those
results in new and
innovative ways

OA for researchers

increased visibility
usage
& impact for their work

OA for research
institutions
publicises institutes’ research strengths
providing maximum return on investment
complete record of the research output in
easily accessible form
new tools to manage institution's impact

OA for publishers

increased readership & citations
visibility & impact
the best possible dissemination
service for research

OA for libraries

partnerships with Directors for research, faculty
and students to set up OA repositories, to curate
research data & to develop OA policies
partnerships with scholarly publishers to publish
OA journals & books
partnerships with educators to produce OERs

OA journals

Use a funding model that does not charge
readers or their institutions for access.
Users can read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the
full texts of the journal articles.

The benefits of OA

Dr. Paul Nampala (RUFORUM) about
African Crop Science Journal he edits:
increased visibility and submissions
(increasing number from outside Africa);
cost reduction in publishing (up to 70%);
time saving;
discouragement of plagiarism.

The benefits of OA
(2)

Allan Mwesiga (Editor of the Pan African
Medical Journal):
an African OA journal can attract large
numbers of manuscripts in a very
competitive environment

Discussions

Licensing & reuse: We recommend
CC-BY or an equivalent license as the
optimal license for the publication,
distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly
work
http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/openaccess/boai-10-recommendations

Discussions (2)
Infrastructure & sustainability:
Universities and funding agencies should
help authors pay reasonable publication
fees at fee-based OA journals, and find
comparable ways to support or subsidize
no-fee OA journals
http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/openaccess/boai-10-recommendations

OA repositories

Contain research outputs
Institutional or thematic
Interoperable (OAI-PMH)
Common metadata protocol allows web
applications (text and data mining)

Snapshot of
publication outputs by
discipline

OA repositories (2)

The need to evaluate researchers and
departments
As a response to requests from faculty
(“Open Repository Development in Developing and
Transition countries” conducted by EIFL and the
University of Kansas Libraries)

OA repositories (3)

Increase impact and usage of institute's
research, providing new contacts and
research partnerships for authors.
Provide usage statistics showing global
interest and value of institutional
research.

Open access
repositories (4)
FOSS to set up, free technical support.
Low installation and maintenance costs,
quick to set up and gain benefits.
Institutions can mandate OA, speeding
development.

“Open access to
research is a must for
the competitiveness
of Europe”
Neelie Kroes, the EU Commissioner
for Digital Agenda

From SPARC Europe workshop “How to make your work OA”

Adapted from: John Houghton, Colin Steele and Peter Sheehan, Report to the Department of Education,
Science and Training “Research Communication Costs in Australia: Emerging Opportunities and Benefits”
[Online] Available at: http://www. dest . gov .au/NR/ rdonlyres /
0ACB271F-EA7D-4FAF-B3F7-0381F441B175/13935/DEST_Research_Communications_Cost_Report_Sept20
10/10/11
06. pdf

Discussions & Recommendations
Ten years on from the Budapest
OA Initiative: Setting the default
to open

On policy
Every institution of higher education
should have a policy assuring that
peer-reviewed versions of all future
scholarly articles by faculty members
are deposited in the institution’s
designated repository.

On policy (2)
Deposits should be made as early as
possible, ideally at the time of
acceptance, and no later than the
date of formal publication.

On policy (3)
University policies should respect faculty
freedom to submit new work to the
journals of their choice.
University policies should encourage but
not require publication in OA journals, and
should help faculty understand the
difference between depositing in an OA
repository and publishing in an OA journal.

On policy (4)
When publishers will not allow OA on the
university’s preferred terms, we
recommend either of two courses:
The policy may require dark or non-OA
deposit in the repository until permission for
OA can be obtained.
Or the policy may grant the institution a
nonexclusive right to make future faculty
research articles OA through the repository
(w/without the option for faculty to waive this
grant of rights for any given publication).

On policy (5)
Every institution of higher education
offering advanced degrees should have a
policy assuring that future theses and
dissertations are deposited upon
acceptance in the institution's OA
repository. At the request of students who
want to publish their work, or seek a
patent on a patentable discovery, policies
should grant reasonable delays rather
than permanent exemptions.

On policy (6)
Every research funding agency,
public or private, should have a
policy assuring that peer-reviewed
versions of all future scholarly
articles reporting funded research
are deposited in a suitable repository
and made OA as soon as practicable.

On policy (7)
Universities with institutional repositories
should require deposit in the repository for
all research articles to be considered for
promotion, tenure, or other forms of
internal assessment and review.
Similarly, governments performing
research assessment should require
deposit in OA repositories for all research
articles to be reviewed for national
assessment purposes.

Promoting
interoperability
The Office of the Publisher at the World Bank is
creating a pilot program targeted at exploring
interoperability with open access institutional
repositories in Africa. The goal of this pilot program
is to exchange technical expertise on how the
content in a repository can be exposed to be more
discoverable and re-usable.

Promoting
interoperability (2)
The World Bank is currently looking for
institutions that are interested in
participating in this pilot program. We
impose no restrictions when sharing best
practices but we are particularly interested in
working with institutions that have an interest in,
and produce development knowledge.

Promoting
interoperability (3)
Contact information:
Paschal Ssemaganda
Electronic Products Specialist,
Office of the Publisher, The World Bank
+1 (202) 473-3587
pssemaganda[@]worldbank.org
http://openknowledge.worldbank.org
http://worldbank.org/publications

Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation
advantage: Studies and results to date. Technical
Report , School of Electronics & Computer Science,
University of Southampton:
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/

“My personal belief is that we should be
focussing on developing effective and
diverse measures of the re-use of research
outputs. By measuring use rather than merely
prestige we can go much of the way of
delivering on the so-called impact agenda,
optimising our use of public funds to generate
outcomes but while retaining some say over the
types of outcomes that are important and what
timeframes they are measured over.”
Cameron Neylon: Warning: Misusing the journal
impact factor can damage your science!
http://bit.ly/cbK2DK

re-use in industry
re-use in public health
re-use in education
re-use in policy development &
enactment
re-use in research
Cameron Neylon: (S)low impact research and
the importance of open in maximising re-use:
http://bit.ly/ntbzQ6

“Access to relevant and timely
information is critical to support the
University’s mission of teaching,
learning, research and the managerial
functions of the University. Access to
information is also an essential
condition for the economic and social
development of the country. Open
access will enhance access to local
content and this goal can only be
achieved through collaborative
efforts.”
Professor Kamau Ngamau, Dean Faculty of Agriculture, JKUAT

“One of the key pillars of the
University of Botswana new strategic
plan “Strategy for excellence” is
“Research Intensification”. OA will
help the University of Botswana,
Government, and research institutions
to achieve this pillar by ensuring
online accessibility to public funded
research output that can be freely
shared by everyone, enhance research
quality, and improve visibility of the
institution and the nation globally.”
Prof. Frank Youngman, DVC, University of Botswana

Discussions: Is OA
on the agenda at
the AU?
Is the issue of Open Access to information through
libraries part of business for the African Union
(AU) when it comes to assessing countries’
performance under the African Peer Review
Mechanisms (APRM)?
(Matseliso M. (Tseli) Moshoeshoe-Chadzingwa, National University of
Lesotho, EIFL country coordinator in Lesotho and EIFL Advisory
Board member)

Discussions:
UNESCO-ASSAf-EIFL
OA workshop
Recommendations:
Capacity building: OA publishing and OA
repositories, copyright management
Advocacy campaigns for regulatory policy
frameworks – Require open access to
publicly funded research – explore
possibilities of OA mandates

Discussions:
CODIST II
“OA technologies could benefit Africa”
(pre-event of the Second Session of the
Committee on Development Information (CODIST
II): the workshop “Promoting Innovation
Development and Diffusion in Africa through
OA Publishing”, in May 2011 at the Economic
Commission for Africa (ECA).

Delegates examined ways to improve knowledge
sharing in Africa and to remove existing barriers.

Discussions:
CODIST II (2)
Participants recommended that Member States
should adopt appropriate OA policies and that
the ECA should take the leadership in these
activities.
“OA is a new way of publishing and of sharing
information in the 21st century. Everyone has a
role to play in knowledge development and
content sharing and everyone can make an
impact”, said Irene Onyancha, ECA’s Chief
Librarian.

How OA benefits your
work and career
Distribution and usage
Immediate access to your research output for
everyone upon official publication
More visibility & usage
Immediate impact of your work
Intensification of research through fast
dissemination and use of research;
Possibly a citation advantage as well

How OA benefits your
work and career (2)

Plus:
Monitoring of your research output
Preservation of your research output by
your library
Keep your rights instead of signing them
away

“Michael Faraday’s advice to his junior colleague
to: “Work. Finish. Publish.” needs to be revised. It
shouldn’t be enough to publish a paper anymore. If
we want open science to flourish, we should raise
our expectations to: “Work. Finish. Publish.
Release.” That is, your research shouldn’t be
considered complete until the data and meta-data
is put up on the web for other people to use, until
the code is documented and released, and until the
comments start coming in to your blog post
announcing the paper. If our general expectations
of what it means to complete a project are raised to
this level, the scientific community will start doing
these activities as a matter of course.”
(What, exactly, is Open Science? by Dan Gezelter:
http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269)

What research
directors can do to
promote OA?
Introduce OA polices
Transform the TA journals into OA journals
Set-up OA repositories
Spread a word about OA

What libraries can
do to promote OA?
Set-up OA repositories
Help researchers and students to
self-archive
Help to publish OA journals and create open
educational resources
Help in OA data curation and sharing
Spread a word about OA

Thank you! Questions?
iryna.kuchma@eifl.net

www.eifl.net

Introduction to open access principles & discussions

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