Open Data in Disaster Management
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The document outlines the role of open data in disaster management, emphasizing its importance for transparency, accountability, and resilience in responding to disasters. It discusses the history, benefits, and barriers of open data in various scenarios, including specific case studies such as Hurricane Katrina and the Cape Town drought. Additionally, it highlights the need for improved data sharing, cross-organization cooperation, and the integration of artificial intelligence to enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities.
Open Data in Disaster Management
- 1. Slim Turki, Dr. slim.turki@list.lu @sl_tu Open Data in Disaster Management
- 2. Research and Technology Organization (RTO) Develops innovative and competitive solutions in response to the key needs of Luxembourgish and European companies. • Employees: ~600 | Budget: EUR 66 millions • Activities: • Fundamental and applied scientific research, development of knowledge and competences; • Experimental development, incubation and transfer of new technologies, competences, products and services; • Scientific support to the policies of the Luxembourgish government, businesses and society in general; • Doctoral and post-doctoral training, in partnership with universities. LUXEMBOURG INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2 Interdisciplinary portfolios • Smart cities • Spatial sector • Industry 4.0 • FinTech and RegTech Fields of activity • Ecological innovation • Digital innovation • Materials innovation
- 3. • Share-PSI 2.0 (ICT-PSP, 2013-2016) • Collection of best practices and definition of recommendations for public sector information release in Europe. • BE-GOOD (Building an Ecosystem to Generate Opportunities in Open Data, Interreg NEW, 2016-2020) • LIST technical partner, data release, re-users engagement, Public-Private Partnerships, innovative procurement, impact assessment. • ISLAND (Impact of open data in Luxembourg (2017 - ongoing) • Studies for the Government of Luxembourg • Open Data: Barriers, Risks, and Opportunities • Open Data and Metadata quality • How Open Data Are Turned into Services? • Value generation from open data: actors, challenges and business models • How Open Data Ecosystems Are Stimulated? Addressed questionsProjects Our ODYSSEY since 2012 Open Data for a Smarter Society 3
- 4. • Disaster • Serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts • Disaster management • Organization, planning and application of measures preparing for, responding to and recovering from disasters. • Philosophy and set of policies that promote transparency, accountability and value creation by making government data available to all. • Open Governement Data (OGD) • (2007) Data should be: complete, primary, timely, accessible, machine processable, non-discriminatory, non-proprietary, license- free. • Open Data • Data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike. DISASTER MANAGEMENT & OPEN DATA 4
- 5. Mitigation Long-term or sustained goal to improve resilience to reduce or eliminate the impact of an incident in the future; e.g. through regulation or education Preparedness Process of enhancing capacity to respond to an incident by taking steps to ensure personnel and entities are capable of responding to incidents, such as training, planning, exercising, procuring resources and intelligence and surveillance to incidents. Response Immediate actions to save lives, protect property and the environment, such as evacuation, deployment of resources and establishment of incident command operations; Recovery Restore essential services and repair damages. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE 5
- 6. HURRICANE KATRINA, AUGUST 2005 6 At least 1,836 people died in the hurricane and subsequent floods, one of the deadliest US hurricanes Total property damage estimated at $125 billion
- 7. • “Lack of information sharing across levels of government and sectors” • “contribute to slower and uncoordinated response and insufficient deployment of resources” • “Accessing even basic government data involved a formal public-records request and often came with restrictive data-sharing agreements” • “Data were not available in their entirety — in a structured, machine-readable, “open” format — citizens couldn’t download, analyze, or innovate on these data sets” • “Technologists started writing programs to extract data from government websites. • “Neighborhood residents and legions of volunteers organized field data- collection efforts to document the condition of storm-damaged buildings. • “This became the first-ever catalog of open data for the U.S. Government” • Open Government Directive issued in 2009, instructed U.S. agencies to open up their data. Some testimonials HURRICANE KATRINA, AUGUST 2005 7
- 8. • Contemporary incidents more and more complex • Responses exceed the capacity of any one agency and require coordination with other agencies to interact together, involve multiple jurisdictions, governmental ministries, departments and agencies, NGOs, private sector entities, and citizens. • Require to increase information sharing capability” • Disaster risk information • Comprehensive information on all dimensions of disaster risk, including hazards, exposure, vulnerability and capacity, related to persons, communities, organizations and countries and their assets • Some critical infrastructure data • transportation, health care, financial services, weather and agricultural conditions, population and housing trends, characteristics of the society from a geographical perspective • Authorities are among the largest creators, collectors and consumers of data TRANS-ORGANISATION COOPERATION 8
- 9. • Cape Town – 2018 Severe Drought • Financial transparency • “As months turned to years, people increasingly lost confidence in government agencies and philanthropy. News reports on federal dollars going to the region and donations coming intononprofits were abundant, but people looked at their own stalled recovery and asked, “Where’s the money?” The lack of financial transparency only added to the sense of uncertainty and suspicion” TRANSPARENCY & TRUST 9
- 10. RISKS AND BARRIERS RELATED TO DATA OPENING 10 Open Data: Barriers, Risks, and Opportunities. Martin S., Foulonneau M. , S. Turki, Ihadjadene M., ECEG’2013, June 2013.
- 11. • “practice of obtaining information or input into a task or project by enlisting the services of a large number of people, either paid or unpaid, typically via the Internet.” CROWDSOURCING 11 A child maps her route from home to school. The results are then digitized and aggregated to produce a digital and anonymized “heatmap” of the main routes to the school. Thessaloniki Resiliency Map highlights emergency-related information: fire hydrants, shelters, construction sites, car repair shops, and similar PoI that influence how you navigate an area after disaster strikes. Can be used to track damage after an event.
- 12. DEDICATED OGD PORTALS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 12 OnTheMap (USA) unified platform based on the spatial geographic map which in the data publishing and data use phase it is published to the public via a wide variety of dissemination and analysis tools, and in the data collection phase it automatically incorporates real time data updates from the National Weather Service’s (NWS) National Hurricane Center, Department of Interior (DOI), Department of Agriculture (DOA), and FEMA. inondations.lu, Flood Prediction Center Luxembourg - Permanent provision of measured water levels and forecasts of watercourses in Luxembourg, as well as additional information during flood warning times.
- 13. • Find patterns in historical data related to disasters or emergency situations, from the prevention side • Time-series • Contributing to deal with ongoing emergencies with real time data • Challenges: • Contrasted picture: Governments are providing very accurate data (weather, satellite imagery) very costly to gather otherwise, but at the same time are releasing very large statistical data. • Granularity: Statistical data opposed to fine data required to run the models • need from governments to provide (maybe to create) lower granularity data. • For ongoing emergencies • need of ready (and validated) tools and real-time data: room for improvement. LEVERAGING A.I. FOR DISASTER MANAMGEMENT 13
- 14. • Crossroads between OGD and private-held data of public interest • Crossroads between OGD and NLP • NLP methods allow to extract valuable information and to combine it with OGD structured data • Mostly attempted for social media data: • Detection of emerging event • Fine detection of location • Still some issues, as a low F-score LEVERAGING A.I. FOR DISASTER MANAMGEMENT 14
- 15. May-June 2016 MAJOR FLOODING IN THE LOIRET (FR) 15
- 16. • Build a "common pot" of Open Data and make them more understandable in everyday routine • Design contest BE-GOOD Challenge CONTINUITY OF TRAFFIC FLOW 16 #opendata
- 17. Over 400 open datasets gathered • Geography: city, department, national, openstreetmap layers • Transportation: roads, lines & stations, roadworks, real time public transportation • Weather, environment: crowdsourced, real time, forecasts, history, risks areas • Traffic disruptions: social networks, authorities, rescue bodies, roadworks CONTINUITY OF TRAFFIC FLOW 17 More than 40 meetings…
- 18. CONTINUITY OF TRAFFIC FLOW 18 Multimodal routing Informations about traffic and environment From official and collaborative sources Shared information for professionals Traffic and environment conditions Secured sharing, regulation Sustainability: - Data collection - Open Data generation - Business model - Maintenance - Balance between daily life and emergency situation - Community engagement
- 19. 19 • Community engagement • Citizen empowerment • Service co-creation
- 20. • Upstream and downstream pollution tracing BE-GOOD Challenge WASTE WATER TRACING 20
- 21. • Networks based on INSPIRE Generic network • Sewer Data • Hydrography data • Flemish Hydrographic Atlas • Ownership = Flanders Environment Agency • Management = Provinces & Flanders Environment Agency • ArcMap Toolbar - editing Link between networks WASTE WATER TRACING 21
- 22. • Tool - options • Upstream and downstream tracing • Dry weather • Rainy weather (working overflow structures) • Combine information & quickly get an overview • Help first responders and authorities to get an overview of a precarious situation • Help sewer managers to better understand their part in a bigger network • Help with planning and renovation of sewer infrastructure WASTE WATER TRACING 22
- 23. • “Si vis pacem, para bellum” - "If you want peace, prepare for war“ • Open data values • Transparency and Trust • Community engagement • Trans-organization cooperation, inside and outside public organisation • High Potential for AI • Challenges in terms of availability, quantity, quality, granularity, etc. CONCLUSIONS 23
- 24. Slim Turki, Dr. slim.turki@list.lu @sl_tu Open Data in Disaster Management Thank you for your attention