Parasympathetic nervous system
- 1. Submitted to Mrs. Sapna jain Submitted by Name- Akash Sahu Class- B.Pharma Roll no.- Y19150005 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dr. Hari Sing Gour University, Sagar
- 2. The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. The nervous system includes both the Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. What is the nervous system?
- 3. THE MAJOR DIVISIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM. 12/25/2019 3
- 4. *The central nervous system is the control center of the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord Central Nervous System
- 5. *The peripheral nervous system includes all the other parts of the nervous system The peripheral nervous system
- 6. • *The peripheral nervous system includes the network of nerves that links the rest of your body to your brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System • *The peripheral nervous system carries information to the central nervous system, and then carries responses from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
- 7. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, functioning largely below the level of consciousness and controlling visceral functions.
- 8. Two neurones are involved in the transmission of impulses from their source to the effector organ. • Preganglionic • Postganglionic The preganglionic neurone This is usually long in comparison to its counterpart in the sympathetic nervous system and has its cell body either in the brain or in the spinal cord. Those originating in the brain are the cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X, arising from nuclei in the midbrain and brain stem, and their nerve fibres terminate at or near effector organs. Their fibres leave the cord in sacral segments 2, 3 and 4 and synapse with postganglionic neurones in the walls of pelvic organs.
- 9. The postganglionic neurone This is usually very short and has its cell body either in a ganglion or, more often, in the wall of the organ supplied.
- 10. Structure of the Parasympathetic Division 1. The ciliary ganglia 2. The pterygopalatine ganglia 3. The submandibular ganglia 4. The otic ganglia
- 11. 1. The ciliary ganglia lie lateral to each optic (II) nerve near the posterior aspect of the orbit. Preganglionic axons pass with the oculomotor (III) nerves to the ciliary ganglia. Postganglionic axons from the ganglia innervate smooth muscle fibers in the eyeball.
- 12. 2.The pterygopalatine ganglia are located lateral to the sphenopalatine foramen, between the sphenoid and palatine bones. They receive preganglionic axons from the facial (VII) nerve and send postganglionic axons to the nasal mucosa, palate, pharynx, and lacrimal glands
- 13. 3. The submandibular ganglia are found near the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands. They receive preganglionic axons from the facial nerves and send postganglionic axons to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. 4. The otic ganglia are situated just inferior to each foramen ovale. They receive preganglionic axons from the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves and send postganglionic axons to the parotid salivary glands.
- 14. . Parasympathetic stimulation causes: •slowing down of the heartbeat •lowering of blood pressure •constriction of the pupils •increased blood flow to the skin and viscera •peristalsis of the GI tract Parasympathetic Nervous System
- 15. •. Constricts the coronary arteries, reducing the blood supply to cardiac muscle. •The parasympathetic nervous system exerts little or no effect on blood vessels except the coronary arteries •The secretion of pancreatic juice is increased.
- 16. •slowing down of the heartbeat
- 17. •lowering of blood pressure
- 18. •constriction of the pupils
- 19. •peristalsis of the GI tract
- 20. Parasympathetic acts to conserve, save energy Related to psych relaxation Sympathetic stimulates,organizes & mobilizes energy in threat situations Related to psych arousal “Rest & digest” “Fight or Flight”
- 21. Parasympathetic Nerves originating from the Brain Stem Cranial Nerves!!! 12 pairs On Old Olympus Towering Tops A French and German Viewed Some Hops (HOPS smell…)
- 23. Function of
- 24. Tortora G.J. Derrickson B. “Principles of Anatomy & Physiology” John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 15th Edition 529-40 Noback C.R. Strominger N.L. Demarest R,.J. Ruggiero D.A. “The Human Nervous System Structure an d Function” Humana Press Totowa, New York Refrences