Past Modals Powerpoint
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This document discusses different modal verbs used to express necessity, obligation, and degrees of certainty in the present and past tenses. It explains that "must" expresses the strongest necessity and provides examples of using "have to" and "had to" to talk about obligations in the present and past. It also discusses using "should have" and "should not have" to express regretful or unwise actions. Finally, it compares modal verbs like "isn't/wasn't", "couldn't/can't", and "must not/must not have been" and how they convey different degrees of certainty in statements about the present versus the past.
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Past Modals Powerpoint
- 1. Necessity: Must/Have to/Have got to + verb: NO OTHER CHOICE!!! Must = strongest word choice. “I have to pass at the ELI before I can go to UD!” Past form = (had to….) “I had to pass at the ELI before I could go to UD!”
- 2. MODALS: Past form of should: Should have + p.p. “Something was a good idea, but I didn’t do it.” The sun was hot, and I should have brought some sunscreen. Should not have + p.p “Something wasn’t a good idea and I did it anyway.” I should not have eaten 12 hot dogs for lunch.
- 3. MODALS: Supposed to +verb : Someone expected something to happen, or they express expected behavior. The zebra is supposed to have black and white stripes. In the past, it expresses unfulfilled expectations. I was supposed to get a rainbow zebra for my birthday, but I didn’t.
- 4. MODALS: Degrees of certainty: Present vs. Past Isn’t – 100%- Wasn’t Couldn’t /can’t be – 99% - Couldn’t/Can’t have been Must not be – 95% - Must not have been May/might not be – 50% - Might/May not have been NOTE- These percentages are approximate, which means.. Could actually be 51.2%!!