physics lecture
- 2. The study of science today branches into the study of living things and non-living things: the science life and the physical sciences . The life sciences branch into such areas as Biology, Zoology and Botany. The physical sciences branch into such areas as Geology, Astronomy, Chemistry and Physics. Physics is more than a part of physical sciences. It is the Basic science. PHYSICS- is a science that deals with the study nature of basic things such as MOTION, FORCES, ENERGY, MATTER, HEAT, SOUND, LIGHT, ELECTRICITY, and MAGNETISM.
- 3. • Definition of Physics: • PHYSICS - is the study of the properties , behavior, and interaction between matter and energy. • - the study of natural phenomena. • - is the study that investigates and formulate the fundamenat laws of nature. • -is a science that deals with the study of the nature of basic things such as motion, forces, energy, matter, heat, sound, light, electricity and magnetism. • - science that deals with matter and energy and the way that act on each other in heat, light, sound and other radiation
- 4. • MAJOR IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS: • 1. Play a key role in the future progress of mankind. • 2. Exciting intellectual adventure that inspire young people and expands the frontiers of our knowledge about nature. • 3. Many of the tools on which the advances of science and technology depends are direct product of physics in the field of medicine, electronics , communication etc. • 4. Physics has the capability of playing major roles in finding solution on the ongoing tragedies throughout the developing world that are directly tied to disease, poverty and the degradation of environment that face the human race.
- 5. • 5. It is important because it play an important role in developing strategies to combat climate change in the development of clearer energies and in the development of technological advancement. • 6. Physics generate fundamental knowledge needed for the future technological advances that will continue to device the economic engine of the world. • 7. Physics contribute to the technological infrastructure's and provides trained personnel needed to take advantage of scientific advances and discoveries. • 8. Physics improves quality of life by providing the basic understanding necessary for developing new instrumentations and techniques for medical application like ultrasonic imaging and lase surgey.
- 6. • VARIOUS IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS TO MAN AND THE SOCIETY: • 1. Physics improve health. (neurologist see how energy flows inside the brain to see where problems could be occuring) • 2. Physics connect the world. ( development of internet, telecommunication from radio waves to fiber optics). • 3. Physics improved technology. (semiconductors and magnetism in order to build processors and disk even smaller and denser) • 4. Physics drives progress. ( improved transportation indirectly in everything from what materials to build cars, of how to build efficient engines to navigating using the global positioning system.
- 7. • System. • 5. Physics clears the air. (detect problems and build system that are better for the environment with technologist such as solar power. • 6. Physics fills the home. (CDs are possible, gadgets have microprocessors, such as microwaves and phones) • 7. Physics designs the future. (led to many innovations in the substances from which product are made) • 8. Physics launches new business.(global positioning system, used in road maps in cars to prevent shifting) • 9. Physics gives you a new appreciations of the world around you.(rainbows, the amazing interactions between photons and electrons, when light from the sun strikes spherical waters droplets in the sky. • 10. physics is fun. (studying physics gives you the opportunity of playing with a lot of really cool toys).
- 8. • . PHYSICS as a Natural science: • Physics provides the laws and principles on which the rest of the modern science is built. We can that physics deals with nature, thus physics is considered as a Natural science. • NATURAL SCIENCE – is the systematic phenomenon occurring in the material universe and the laws governing them. • When we study natural science, we must recognize that the material universe composed of living and nonliving things are creations of GOD and the laws governing them were designed by HIM. The Natural Science Program is divided into the study of the living creations of GOD as embodied in the Biological Science and the study of the nonliving creations of GOD as contained in the Physical Sciences.
- 9. • BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE- deals with the study of plants ( Botany) animals (Zoology) and the human body (Anatomy). • PHYSICAL SCIENCE – deals with matter and energy, under this law, we have the study of the composition, structure, properties and classification of matter (Chemistry) and (physics). BRANCHES OF PHYSICS: 1. MECHANICS – deals with the mechanical interaction or movement. This branch studies the states of objects. (ex. Designs of robots are a results of understanding concepts of mechanics) 2. ELECTROMAGNETISM – explores the concept that deals with electrical charges, electricity as well as magnetism. (lightning, a powerful ex. Of how charges
- 10. • 3. HEAT - mostly deals with thermal properties of matter, gas law as well as thermodynamics (deals with the study of the 3 forms of matter, solid, liquid and gas. • 4. WAVES- deals with the propagation and vibratory properties of matter, principles like interference, reflection and refraction are examined. • BASIC SI UNITS: • QUANTITY UNIT • Length meter (m) • Time seconds (s) • Mass kilogram (kg) • Temperature kelvin (K) • Electric current ampere (A) • Luminous intensity candela (cd)
- 11. • VECTORS and SCALARS: • Physical terms may either be “vector quantity” or “scalar quantity”. Terms we regard as the same, like velocity and speed, distance, and displacement, or even weight and mass actually have different meaning. • When we deal with quantities which concerned only with “magnitude” we deal with “scalar” while those with both “magnitude and direction” are called “vectors” • DISTANCE and DISPLACEMENT: • Two quantities which are interrelated are “ distance” and “displacement”. Both of these terms refers to the length traveled between two points. In Physics, however these two are different. Why? This is because distance is a scalar quantity , while displacement is a vector quantity. So from this, how do we differentiate the two? •
- 12. • SCALAR: Distance – refers to the length between two points. • VECTOR: Displacement – is not only the length between two points, but also its direction, which means knowing the starting as well as the end points. • SPEED and VELOCITY • In calculating the rate of change of a body, which we normally call speed or sometimes velocity, we must clarify that these two are also different quantities. Speed is basically a scalar term while velocity is a vector quantity. • SCALAR: Speed – denotes the amount of change in distance within a certain period of time. • VECTOR: Velocity - is the change of displacement within a certain period of time. •
- 13. • Since DISPLACEMENT indicates a direction, then the rate at which it changes must also indicate a direction. VELOCITY is the vector term that is related to displacement. SPEED, on the other hand, is related to distance and is scalar. • A SCALAR QUANTITY is completely specified by stating only its magnitude. Other example of scalar quantities includes • MASS, LENGTH, TIME, VOLUME and ENERGY. • A VECTOR QUANTITY on the other hand, required both magnitude and direction for it to be completely specified. Other example of vector includes WEIGHT, FORCE, ACCELERATION and MOMENTUM.
- 14. • RESOLUTIONS OF VECTOR: • The resolution of vectors is the process by which a given vector is broken down or resolved into its two perpendicular components. The component of a vector is a certain direction is its effective magnitude in the direction. The perpendicular component of the vector is called its rectangular component . • A. GRAPHICAL METHOD – that is utilizing measurement tools like ruler or protractor to determine the resultant vector graphically using the PARALLELOGRAM and POLYGON METHOD.
- 15. • PROBLEM: • A. Using a predetermined scale, 10 units, 1 cm. vector A is 30 units along the East and vector B is 45 units, 60 degrees North of East. What is C= A+B ? . Express the magnitude in terms of units and the direction in degrees with respect to the East. • Using the parallelogram, the magnitude of C is 65.38 units. Using your protractor, measure angle A to determine the direction of Vector C. For this particular example, the angle is 36.6 degrees North of East. • B. POLYGON METHOD – used in determining resultant of two or more forces, done by connecting the head to tail wherein the tail of the succeeding vector coincides with the head of the previous vector
- 16. • Draw the resultant by drawing a line segment from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector. Use the scale to get its magnitude and a protractor to measure its angle. • B. ANALYTICAL METHOD –can be determine using formula. • a. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM- states that the square of the hypotenuse of right triangle is the sum of the square of the right triangle. • R² = √A²+B² • b. COSINE LAW – used when the angle between two vectors is obtuse • R²= √ F1² + F2²-2F1F2 cos
- 18. • CONVERSION FACTORS: • LENGTH VOLUME • 1 cm - 10mm - 0.394 in 1ml- 1cc • 1 m - 100 cm- 39.4 in – 3.28 ft. 1 liter- 1000ml • 1 km - 1000m – 0.621miles 4 quarts-1gallon-3.785 liters • 1 inch – 2.54cm MASS/WEIGHT • 1 ft.-12in-0.305m-30.5cm 1kg-1000gm-2.2046 lbs 1 yard- 3ft.-36in-0.914m 1lb-16oz-0.454kg 1 mi-5280 ft-1.61 km 1 ton- 1000kg