PI Technologies for Process Automation

PI Technologies
for Process
Automation
PROFIBUS
PROFINET
Field devices
Profiles
FDI
User benefits

Preface
Until now this slide set has been titled PROFIBUS Basic Slide Set from
historical reasons. While presenting PROFIBUS technology as a whole
it concentrated on its version PROFIBUS PA as far as its application
has been concerned.
Over time PROFIBUS technologies have been and will be further
complemented and replaced with the even more powerful, Ethernet-
based PROFINET technology. This will also happen in the process
automation application field.
Therefore this new version of the Basic Slide Set (2017)
includes technologies of PROFIBUS and PROFINET including new
accompanying technologies such as FDI
and
is titled PI Technologies for Process Automation.
SlideSet_PB_V2.0_ENG

What
is
PROFIBUS?
A short
introduction

What is PROFIBUS?
Field devices
PROFIBUS DP
Controller or
Control system
Fieldbus-based automation standard
PROFIBUS is the fieldbus-based automation standard
of PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI), the largest
automation community in the world.
PROFIBUS links controllers or control systems to several
decentralized field devices (sensors and actuators) via a
single cable.
PROFIBUS

Only one single protocol
PROFIBUS supports factory and process automation as well
as drive applications with the same consistent communication
protocol named PROFIBUS DP.
This enables mixed (hybrid) applications, where continuously
running processes, e.g. mixing or drying, are combined with
discrete functions such as identifying, conveying or packing.
Identifying, Checking
Storing, Conveying
Filling, Packing
Storing, Conveying
Mixing, Heating
Separating, Drying
Inbound Logistics Production Processes Outbound Logistics
Production flow
PROFIBUS DPcommunication protocol
Identifying, Checking
Storing, Conveying
Filling, Packing
Storing, Conveying
Mixing, Heating
Separating, Drying
Inbound Logistics Production Processes Outbound Logistics
Production flow
PROFIBUS DP communication protocol
What is PROFIBUS?

Enterprise level
Field level
Internet level
What is PROFIBUS?
Part of a multi-level network
PROFIBUS enables consistent data exchange with
higher-ranking communication systems.
PROFIBUS is part of the communication network between
field level and enterprise level, or even going up to the internet.
PROFIBUS PROFIBUS
PROFINET
WWW

What is PROFIBUS?
PROFIBUS is a modular structured system
PROFIBUS modules are arranged according to their functionalities:
(Transmission, Communication, Application, Integration).
A PROFIBUS application for a certain industry sector (solution) is
implemented by combining suitable modules: >> next slide.

What is PROFIBUS?
PROFIBUS solutions for various industry sectors
PA
(and others)
Process
Automation
Ex / non-Ex areas
Factory
Automation
Safety
Application
MBP / MBP-IS
RS 485 / 485-IS
Motion
Control
PROFIBUS PA PROFIBUS DP PROFIdrive Safety
e. g.
Ident Systems
PROFIdrive PROFIsafe
PROFIBUS DP
RS 485 RS 485
RS 485
MBP-IS
Application
Profile
Tansmission
Technology
Market
Segment
Communication
Technology
PROFIBUS
Solution
(Common term)

PROFIBUS Key Applications
 Vehicle
manufacture
 Bottling plants
 Warehousing
systems
 Switchgear
 Hollow glass
production
 Vehicle
assembly
 Machine tool
building
 Chemical
industry
 Petrochemical
industry
 Paper and
textile industry
 Foodstuffs
 Power stations
 Sewage plants
 Machine tools
 Packaging
machines
 Pressing plants
 Paper production
Factory
automation
Process
automation
Drive
technology
Safety
applications

What is PROFIBUS?
PROFIBUS DP and PROFIBUS PA
PROFIBUS DP (Decentraliced Periphery) is mainly used for high
speed input/output devices and to link intelligent devices such as
drives. It can use different physical layers such as RS-485, wireless
or fiber optics. RS-485 is the most common one.
PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) refers to the following
additional features:
Bus powered by using the Manchester encoded Bus Powered
(MBP) physical layer according to IEC 61158-2
Intrinsically safe design
Configuration over the bus
Device profile

Online product guide
More than 2,500 „PROFIBUS Devices“ are available in the
PROFIBUS product guide

How to use the slide set
In the following, the slide set provides compact information
about technology, operation, application and benefits of
PROFIBUS and PROFINET in Process Automation..
For easy handling, the slide set is structured in „tasks“.
Click to find the list of tasks.
Additional information is available to many pages under
(top left)
For in-depth information see „Literature List“ under .

Task overview (Click a button to open)
How to
design PB?
How to
install PB?
How to manage
field devices?
How to use
diagnostics?
How to benefit
from PROFIBUS?
Life Cycle Management
Application Profiles
Fieldbus talks digital
Communication Protocol
Diagnosis & Asset Manag. PROFIsafe
PROFINET in PADevice integration, FDI
Transmission technologies Components and topology
Explosion protection
Technology
Implementation and
certification
LiteratureStandardization
PROFIBUS & PROFINET
International (PI)
Organisation / Support Success Stories
Process and
manufacturing industries

Fieldbus
talks
digital
Stepping
from analog
to digital
communication
means a major
paradigm shift

Control system
Field devices
Non-fieldbus system: One way communications
Tasks of field devices and control system are clearly separated
Only analog values (measured data) are transferred
Only a one-way communication exists

Fieldbus system: Digital and two-way communications
Field devices are an integral part of a control system
Digital values are transferred by a two-way communication link
A digital dialogue exists between controller and field devices
Field devices adapt a new role in the automation system;
this is a major paradigm shift
Control system
Field devices

Benefits of using a digital fieldbus (PROFIBUS)
Plant Asset Management is enabled
Information from process and devices are available in the controller.
Construction and installation is optimized
100s of separate wires are reduced down to just one cable.
Commissioning is fastened
The end user can scale the devices from one central location.
Accuracy is increased
No need for digital/analogue conversion (in the device) and
analogue/digital conversion (in the controller). >> higher accuracy
Process variables can be trusted
The diagnostic information and status bytes tell the user if they can
trust the process variable or not.
Fieldbus talks digital - Benefits

Communication
Protocol
PROFIBUS DP
One single,
consistent
protocol for
all applications
in factory and
process
automation

PROFIBUS DP communication protocol
Communication Protocol DP

PROFIBUS uses a single, open communication protocol
(PROFIBUS DP, Decentralized Periphery) for all applications
The protocol uses the
“Master-Slave“ model:
One device (master)
controls one or more
other devices (slaves).
The protocol uses the
“Token Passing“ model:
The “token“ is transmitted
across the network;
the station which holds
the token controls the
access to the network.
DP Slave 1
PROFIBUS DP
Master Class 1
PROFIBUS DP
Master Class 2
DP Slave 2 DP Slave 3
Token
Slave 1 Slave 3Slave 2 Slave 3
Cyclic Access
( Master 1)
Acyclic Access
(Master 2)
.....
Cycle
DP Slave 1
PROFIBUS DP
Master Class 1
PROFIBUS DP
Master Class 2
DP Slave 2 DP Slave 3
Token
Slave 1 Slave 3Slave 2 Slave 3
Cyclic Access
( Master 1)
Acyclic Access
(Master 2)
.....
Cycle

PROFIBUS DP exists in
three versions:
DP-V0: Overall command
structure, cyclic data
exchange
DP-V1: Extension by
acyclic data exchange
et al.
DP-V2: Further extension
by time stamp, clock
synchronization et al.
Time
Functional Levels
DP-V2
 Data Exchange Broadcast (Publisher / Subscriber)
 Isochronous Mode (Equidistance
plus extensions:
 Clock Synchronization & Time Stamps
 HART on PROFIBUS
 Up/Download (Segmentation)
 Redundancy
DP-V1
 Acyclic Data Exchange between PC or PLC and Slave Devices
plus extensions:
 Integration within Engineering: EDD and FDT
 Portable PLC Software Function Blocks (IEC 61131-3)
 Fail-Safe Communication (PROFIsafe)
 Alarms
DP-V0
 Cyclic Data Exchange between PLC and Slave Devices
plus extensions:
 GSD Configuration
 Diagnosis
DeviceFeatures
Time
Functional Levels
DP-V2
 Data Exchange Broadcast (Publisher / Subscriber)
 Isochronous Mode (Equidistance
plus extensions:
 Clock Synchronization & Time Stamps
 HART on PROFIBUS
 Up/Download (Segmentation)
 Redundancy
DP-V1
 Acyclic Data Exchange between PC or PLC and Slave Devices
plus extensions:
 Integration within Engineering: EDD and FDT
 Portable PLC Software Function Blocks (IEC 61131-3)
 Fail-Safe Communication (PROFIsafe)
 Alarms
DP-V0
 Cyclic Data Exchange between PLC and Slave Devices
plus extensions:
 GSD Configuration
 Diagnosis
DeviceFeaturesDeviceFeatures

One single protocol for all applications
PROFIBUS DP carries
all communications between
a DCS or controller and
individual field devices.
Factory devices and certain
process devices are directly
connected to PROFIBUS DP.
Process automation (PA)
devices, grouped in
“PA segments”, are
connected to PROFIBUS DP
via coupler or links.
1
2
Factory and
process automation
Process
automation
PA / DP
coupler
1
2

Transmission
Technologies
RS 485
MBP
Optical
Wireless

Transmission Technologies
PROFIBUS supports different transmission technologies
Wired, Optical, and Wireless

Wired transmission (1)
RS 485 and RS 485-IS for high transmission rates
RS 485
PROFIBUS DP
RS 485 - IS
PROFIBUS DP
Data transfer rate 9,6 … 12.000 Kbit/s 9,6 … 1.500 Kbit/s
Power supply --- ---
Devices/Segment (max.) 31 31
Devices/Segment (typical) 10 10
Trunk length (max,)
100-1200 m
deoendin on data rate
100-1200 m
depending on data rate
Spur length (max.) --- ---
IS: Intrinsical Safe

Wired transmission (2)
MBP and MBP-IS for power and communication over one cable
MBP
PROFIBUS PA
MBP - IS
PROFIBUS PA 1)
Data transfer rate 31.25 Kbit/s
Power supply
typ. 24 … 30 V typ. 13.2 V
typ. 0.5 … 1 A typ. 100 mA
Power and signal transfer Twisted two wire cable
Devices per segment (max.) 31
Devices per segment (typical) 14 … 20 4 … 6
Connection of field devices Via spurs to the trunk
Trunk length (max,) 1900 m 1000 m
Spur length (max.) 120 m 60 m
1) For installation according to FISCO

Optical transmission
Various types of fiberoptic cables are supported.
Typical topology structures are star and ring,
linear structures are also possible.
The implementation of a fiberoptic cable network
involves the use of electrooptical converters.
Fiber type Core diameter [µm] Transmission range
Multi-mode glass fiber 62,5 / 125 2 - 3 km
Single-mode glass fiber 9 / 125 > 15 km
Plastic fiber 980 / 1000 Up to 100 m
HCS® fiber 200 / 230 Approx. 500 m

Wireless transmission
PROFIBUS & PROFINET International supports various solutions
which are available on the market for wireless transmission.
Realization is done by gateways.

PROFIBUS
Application
Profiles
Application
profiles
greatly
improve
feasibility of
PROFIBUS

To ensure correct interaction between the bus nodes of an automation
system, the basic functions and services of the nodes must match.
This uniformity is achieved through the use of “Application profiles”.

PROFIBUS Application Profiles (APs) are vendor-independent
specifications implemented into PROFIBUS devices to enable
uniform behaviour of devices from different manufacturers.
General cross-device-class behavior
(e.g. in safety or redundancy applications; identification data)
Specific device-class-specific behavior
(e.g. process devices, drives, identification devices)
Specific Industry-specific behavior
(e.g. rail vehicles, laboratory devices)
Application profiles are specified by PI working groups
and are available from PI, actually 22).

Field device of
manufacturer A
Field device of
manufacturer B
Field device of
manufacturer C
Proprietary
software
Proprietary
software
Proprietary
software
PB-Interface PB-Interface PB-Interface
Proprietary design of field devices including PB interfaces allows device
operation at the bus. But it prohibits interoperability and consistent
device behavior! Solution: Implementation of „profiles“
Implementation of an identical profile (X) in all devices allows
consistent behavior and interoperability of the devices at the bus.
Profile X Profile XProfile X

PROFIBUS profiles (selection out of a total of 22):
PROFIdrive
specifies the device behavior and access behavior
to data for variable speed electric drives.
Ident Systems
specifies the communication between identification
devices such as barcode reader or transponder.
Continued next page…

PROFIBUS profiles continued:
PA Devices (“PA”)
specifies the properties and behavior of process
automation devices (transmitter, pumps, analyzer, … ).
Read more: Two slides further
I&M (Identification & Maintenance)
specifies a concept for identification of PROFIBUS
devices and internet access to device-specific information.
HART on PROFIBUS
specifies the integration of HART devices in PROFIBUS systems.
PROFIsafe
defines safe communication of safety-related devices
with safety controllers via PROFIBUS.

PROFIBUS profiles continued:
Encoder
defines the connection of rotary, angular, and linear
encoders with single-turn and multi-turn resolution.
Remote IO
defines the interchangeability of remote IO devices
in process automation.

Application Profile PA 3.02
Additional profile 3.02 specifications include mandatory mapping
of specific diagnostic information of field devices onto standardised
categories and faster transfer of field device data.
Read more details under “How to use diagnostics?” and “Diagnosis &
Asset Management”.
PA profile V 3.02 provides mechanisms and functions
for easy management of field devices and diagnostics
When a field device has to be replaced, the new device (with possibly
advanced technology) automatically determines and assumes the tasks
of the predecessor model without any interruption of the process.
Read details under “How to manage field devices?”.

Diagnosis &
Asset
Management
PROFIBUS
provides
excellent
support to
Asset
Management

Assets
Any item of economic value such as cash, inventory, buildings,
machines, office or plant equipment, patents, know how etc.
Plant Assets
Virtual and physical assets applicable to manufacturing activities
(controllers, field devices, drives etc.).
Plant Asset Management
All measures to monitor critical plant assets for optimal use, reducing
the risk of failures while ensuring functionality and availability.
PROFIBUS diagnosis capabilities
Support plant asset management extensively.
The diagnosis features of PROFIBUS offer intensive support
for plant asset management
Assets and Plant Asset Management

Controller
One variable,
One direction
Conventional system
Very limited system view,
device details are „invisible“.
PROFIBUS
Expanded system view,
device details are „visible“.
Devices
Unlike conventional communication systems,
PROFIBUS allows a detailed “view into field devices”.
Multiple variables,
Two directions
Controller
Devices
T T

Example from a chemical plant:
“Level in reactor 2B gets out of spec”
Conventional system (left) reports just undefined “Failure”.
PROFIBUS (right) reports exact diagnosis information.
“Failure”
Undefined
information
Controller
One variable,
one direction
Same failure
„Level in reactor B2 out of spec“
happens in both systems.
“Level in reactor B2
out of spec”
Exact information
Multiple variables,
two directions
Controller
T T

Device Diagnostic with PA Profile
Process control, maintenance, condition monitoring, …
PROFIBUS PA
Device A Device CDevice B
Before profile 3.02 was introduced
all diagnosis messages have been provided to all users.
>> Difficult to manage by the operators

With Profile 3.02
Diagnosis messages are mapped to categories already by the
manufacturer, categories comply with NAMUR NE 107.
Plant operator gets categorized information.
Maintenance department gets full information.
Device Diagnostic with PA Profile
PROFIBUS PA
Device A
Diag 1
Diag2
Diag 3
Diag 4
------
Diag n
Maintenance
Required
Failure Functional
Check
Out of
Specification
Diagnosis messages are
mapped to 4 categories.
Plant operator
Maintenance
department

Field Device
Integration
GSD
EDD
FDT
FDI

The openess of PROFIBUS allows to operate field devices and control
system from different manufactures in one plant which causes different
types of user interfaces.
For the operators this requires a standardized procedures during
configuration, installation, and operation of the devices. For this purpose,
standards have been developed.
Such a device integration is performed by mapping the device
functionality to an operating software together with consistent data
retention and identical data structures for all devices.
Various device integration technologies has been developed and are
used on the market: GSD, EDD, FDT/DTM and FDI; see the following
slides.
Field Device integration. Introduction
intern

PROFIBUS supports different technologies for field device intergration:
GSD, EDD, FDT/DTM, FDI, and TCI.
(TCI is used in factory automation only!)
Field Device integration
intern

GSD (General Station Description) is used for
mandatory textual
description of any
PROFIBUS
field device,
field device
integration into
the master and
for cyclic
data exchange
of data.
Field Device integration - GSD
intern
GSD DTMEDD
Beschreibung der Gerätefunktionen
Interpreter
GSD / EDD
Frame Applic.
DTM
Leit- / Engineeringsystem
Text Text Software
Device Tool
Software
Interface
TCI
Integration der Gerätefunktionen
Feldgerät
Anwender
Hersteller
GSD DTMEDD
Desription of device functionalities
GSD / EDD .DTM
Conrol / Engineering system/
Text Text Software
Device Package
Software
FDI
Integration of device functionalizies
FeldgeräteField devices
User
Manufacturer

EDD (Electronic Device Description
Is used in addition
to a GSD
to textually describe
application related
functionalities and
parameter of complex
field devices and
to allow exchange of
additional information
with the master for
e.g. diagnosis or asset
management.
Field Device integration - EDD
intern
GSD DTMEDD
Interpreter
GSD / EDD
Frame Applic.
DTM
Text Text Software
Device Tool
Software
Interface
TCI
Feldgerät
Anwender
Hersteller
GSD DTMEDD
GSD / EDD .DTM
Text Text Software
Device Package
Software
FDI
FField devices
User
Manufacturer

FDT/DTM (Field Device Technology / Device Type Manager)
Is a software-based
method of device
integration
A DTM is a field device
related software
component
A DTM communicates
with the engineering
system in a
“Frame application”
via the FDT-interface.
Field Device integration – FDT/DTM
intern
GSD DTMEDD
Interpreter
GSD / EDD
Frame Applic.
DTM
Text Text Software
Device Tool
Software
Interface
TCI
Feldgerät
Anwender
Hersteller
GSD DTMEDD
GSD / EDD .DTM
Text Text Software
Device Package
Software
FDI
Field devices
User
Manufacturer

FDI (Field Device Integration)
FDI is a new field device
integration technology
which combines best elements
of both EDD and FDT/DTM.
FDI has been developed by
FDI Coorporation LLC
(FDT Group, Fieldcomm Group,
Profibus & Profinet International,
and OPC Foundation)
FDI is standardized since 2015
in IEC 62769
Field Device integration – FDI (1)
intern
GSD DTMEDD
Interpreter
GSD / EDD
FrameApplic.
DTM
Text Text Software
DeviceTool
Software
Interface
TCI
Feldgerät
Anwender
Hersteller
GSD DTMEDD
GSD / EDD .DTM
Text Text Software
Device Package
Software
FDI
Field devices
User
Manufacturer

FDI is based on present technologies
FDI uses the best components of the previous technologies
(EDDL and FDT) and combines them in the „Device Package“
The „Device Package“ and thus the corresponding field device can
be integrated into an FDI-Host as well as into a FDT(FDI-Host
FDI Host
FDT/FDI
Host
The best
of EDDL
FDT2
Frame
The best
of FDT
FDI - Field Device Integration (2)

Device Package represents the field device
The „Device Package“ describes the field device with all
functionalities according to IEC 29500 (Container Format).
The „Device Package“ remains unchanged over the entire service
life of the field device and is used in tools and control systems during
engineering, commissioning, operation, and maintenance.
Commissioning
Field Devices Automation System
Engineering
Operation
Maintenance
Device Package

FDI Device Package: Content
The “FDI Device Package” is a scalable software component and
represents the core of the FDI technology. It contains mandatory and
optional files which are required for configuration, commissioning,
diagnosis and calibration of the device over its entire service life.

FDI Device Package: Device description
Description is based on the harmonized EDD description
language EDDL according to IEC 61804
Device Definition: Device details (internal structure, …)
Business Logic: Preliminary data consistency
User Interface Description: Consistent device operation
User Interface Plugin: Free programmable user interface
Attachments: Product information, certificates, service advise, …

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
The Integrated Development Environment IDE enables the device
manufacturer to develop Device Packages at low effort.
IDE supports PROFIBUS, PROFINET, Foundation Fieldbus and
HART. It enables to convert EDD-files into FDI-Packages and can
also be also used as test environment.

FDI Hosts
FDI hosts are powerful interfaces to field devices and can act as
a device management software as part of a Process Control System
a Plant Asset Management System
a device configuration tool on a laptop
or handheld field communicator
For a defined field device, device manufacturers have to develop just one
device package instead of, until now, two separate components
DD and DTM.
Device Packages can be used in two different host environments:
FDI-Host and FDT/FDI-Host.

FDI Device Packages in Hosts
Device Packages are imported into hosts and not, like programs,
installed. Therefore, after importing a device package, the user can
immediately start operating the device. No rebooting is required and no
interoperability problems with components and Windows version will
happen.
Device Packages can be processed in
FDI Hosts (see figure) or in
FDT2TM frame applications (next slide)
Import

FDI Package
“FDI Device Packages” in a FDT2TM frame application
Import
Communication
DTMs

Common Host Components
To ensure same behavior of FDI Device Packages in various Host
systems, uniform and multi-protocol host components have been
developed: UI Engine and EDD-Engine.
Import

Common Host Components
The UI Engine ensures that user
interface elements (UID and UIP)
are executed in the same way in
different host systems.
The EDD Engine
supports the entire scope of EDDL
versions in accordance with IEC 61804
in a multiprotocol manner including
backward compatibility.
FDI Client
OPC UA Services
UI Engine
EDD Engine
Information Model
FDI Server
FDI Host
FDI Client
OPC UA Services
UI Engine
EDD Engine
Information Model
FDI Server
FDI Host

Example 1
EDD based part of a Device Package in the FDI Reference Host

Example 2
Free programmed graphical elements

FDI – Scalable architecture (1)
The FDI standard allows the implementation
of different software architectures for a host
starting from a tool for a single user up to a
distributed multi-user application with
client/server architecture.
FDI Clients are used by operators to
work with automation instruments.
The FDI Server manages device packages,
involves communication to connected
devicesusing standard protocols, maps
the communication topology to the
automation system etc.
FDI Client
OPC UA Services
UI Engine
EDD Engine
Information Model
FDI Server
FDI Host
Communication Server
OPC UA Services
FDI Client
OPC UA Services
UI Engine
EDD Engine
Information Model
FDI Server
FDI Host
OPC UA Services

FDI – Scalable architecture
Standard protocols like HART, PROFIBUS,
PROFINET, or Foundation Fieldbus are
supported by the FDI server.
Other protocols are supported by the
FDI communication server(s).
OPC-UA is used as interface in FDI hosts.
The OPC UA services allow secure access
to the devices and allows easy access from
and to other applications.
The information model represents the device
instances and the entire communication
infrastructure.
FDI Client
OPC UA Services
UI Engine
EDD Engine
Information Model
FDI Server
FDI Host
OPC UA Services
FDI Client
OPC UA Services
UI Engine
EDD Engine
Information Model
FDI Server
FDI Host
OPC UA Services

FDT - Field Device Integration (8)
FDI – Door opener for Industry 4.0
FDI connects field devices to the IOT. Within this context,
any physical object with a microcontroller is a “thing” with
a virtual presence in the internet.
Virtual object are able to exchange information and to interact with
software applications (Services) or persons.
IIoT

FDI and the Industry 4.0 Administration Shell
PROFIBUS and PROFINET devices are delivered with descriptions
(GSD, EDD) which contain information about the device and its
features.
This corresponds to the concept of the Administration Shell in the
RAMI-model of Industry 4.0
Using FDI, the information of the Device Package is available and
could get part of the administration shell.
Thus, field devices become Industry 4.0 components.
IIoT

User Benefits of FDI technology
FDI simplifies working processes
Direct access to all information in the Device Package
Device Package contains complete device documentation
FDI reduces integration effort
Only one , unified integration technology
FDI protects existing investments
Upgrade of existing DDs to FDI packages
FDI Hosts support installed base
FDI brings field devices to the Internet of Things

Network
Components
Repeater
Coupler/Links
Junction boxes
Fieldbus barriers

Repeaters
Repeaters are devices that repeat an electrical signal thereby
returning it to its full strength but introducing a delay in the signal.
Repeaters extend the total length of a network and the number
of devices on the network.
Repeaters are mainly used in DP-networks with their daisy chain
topology to allow more devices connected to the network.
In PA-networks, a coupler with a new PA-segment can be added
in case of an overloaded segment and to add more devices.
Network components

Couplers and Links
PROFIBUS PA segments are attached to the PROFIBUS DP
backbone through some sort of coupler or link.
A number of companies supply such kind of equipment
with different technical features and designations:
„PROFIBUS DP/PA Segment coupler“
„PROFIBUS DP/PA Link“
„PROFIBUS DP/PA Linking device“
Junction boxes (for PROFIBUS PA)
Junction boxes (also fieldbus coupler, field barrier, multibarrier, ...)
are used to connect spur lines to the trunk and offer numerous
special features that vary between models and manufacturers.
For details see chapter „How to install PROFIBUS?“.
Network components and topologies

PROFIBUS PA - Trunk topology
Junction boxes and field barriers are used in networks
to connect trunks (main line) to spurs.
Features and device names depend on the manufacturer
How to design PROFIBUS PA?
TLink/
Coupler
TPROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA
Trunk
Spur lines
Devices

PROFIBUS in
hazardous
environments
MBP-IS
FISCO
High-Power
Trunk

In hazardous environments, fieldbus systems must
comply with two IEC standards:
IEC 60079: Explosive atmospheres
IEC 61158-2: Fieldbus/Physical layer specification
Hazardous zones and PROFIBUS solution
Zone 0, 1 and 2 define areas of a plant, where explosive
substances may exist in the air and an electrical spark
could trigger an explosion.
The respective PROFIBUS solution limits the energy going to
the bus and the devices to eliminate the danger of generating
a sparc.
The „Intrinsically Safe (IS)“ version of the MBP physical layer
(MBP-IS) complies with this approach.
See also chapter “transmission technology“ .
PROFIBUS in hazardous environments

Data of MBP and MBP-IS physical layers
Note:
RS485 is also available in an intrinsically safe (IS) version, which runs at
lower power levels with a special coupler and a special wiring.
This is a cost effective solution for remote I/O in IS environment.
MBP
PROFIBUS PA
MBP- IS
PROFIBUS PA
Baud rate 31.25 kBit/sec 31.25 kBit/sec
Voltage 24 ... 30 V 13,2 V
Current 1000 mA 110 mA
Devices/segment (max.) 32
Devices/segment (typic.) 14 ... 20 4 ... 6
Cable length max. 1900 m 1000 m
Spur line length max. 120 m 60 m

Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe Concept (FISCO)
The FISCO (Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe Concept) provides
easy and fast design of PROFIBUS PA networks in
hazardous areas.
FISCO enables to get IS approval without individual calculations.
FISCO requirements:
Only one power source permitted.
All other components are drains.
Maximum overall cable length 1000 m
Maximum spur line length 60 m
Power supply, coupler and field devices must be FISCO certified.

From Intrinsic Safety to the High-Power-Trunk
Intrinsic safety (I.S.) is the method of choice for
instrument connections in hazardous areas.
I.S. does not satisfy completely the needs regarding
to cable length and number of devices compared to applications
outside of hazardous areas.
The High-Power Trunk Concept solves this limitation
and makes PROFIBUS PA best suited for use in
hazardous areas.

PROFIBUS PA in hazardous areas
intern
High-Power-Trunk to supply Zone 1
The trunk is installed with increased protection in zone 1 to allow
increased supply current for more field devices.
The field devices are connected using Ex i ignition protection.

PROFIBUS PA in hazardous areas
intern
High-Power-Trunk to supply zone 2
The trunk is installed using ignition protection none-sparkling
The connection of field devices uses “energy limited”

PROFIBUS in
Safety
Applications
(PROFIsafe)
PROFIsafe
enables all
kinds of
Safety
Applications

Objective of “Safety” is to avoid accidents and damages
in case of failures and to ensure maximum safety for …
Safety applications are essential in all sectors of automation.
Safety Applications (PROFIsafe)
… People … Process
… Environment
and nature

Objective: Reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
Solution: Install risk reduction measures including safety systems.
e. g. modified
process design
Risk of a technical setupRisk
Zero risk
Acceptable risk
Risk
reduction
measures
Unfeasible zero risk
Other measures
Safety Instrumented
Systems (SIS)

SIL and Risk Reduction
SIL is a A performance criteria of a Safety Instrumented System
(SIS) which describes, among other things, the Probability of
Failure on Demand (PFD). SIL covers four levels SIL 1 to SIL 4.
PFD is a value that indicates the probability of a system
failing to respond to an actual demand. PFD is also referred to as
“safety unavailability”.
Safety Integrity
Level (SIL)
Probability of failure
on demand (PFD)
per year
Risk Reduction
Factor (1 / PFD)
SIL 1 >= 10
-2
to <10
-1
100 to 10
SIL 2 >= 10 -3
to <10 -2
1000 to 100
SIL 3 >= 10
-4
to <10
-3
10 000 to 1000
SIL 4 >= 10 -5
to <10 -4
100 000 to 10 000

Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
A combination of sensors, logic modules (e.g. controls)
and actuators which detects abnormal operating conditions
and returns the plant automatically to a safe state again.
Logic
modulesSensor(s) Actuator(s)

Safety technology
progressed from conventional relay controls to safety control systems.
Safety communication
uses standard and proprietary bus systems.
With PROFIsafe, PROFIBUS has a leading position:
PROFIsafe is an additional communication layer above layer 7.
It completely covers factory and process automation applications.
It covers the entire transmission path from sensor/IO to the controller.
PROFIsafe is standardized in IEC 61784-3-3 and complies with
SIL 3 according to IEC 61508.
With PROFIsafe, safety communication is combined with the benefits
of standard communication, both using the same bus and cable.

Standard and safety communication on the same bus
Black Channel:
Not safety-related components such as ASICs, links, cables etc.
PROFIsafe (Safety Function, Safety Layer)
Part of the safety-related communication system, located above layer 7
Safety Layers checks addressing, signature, fault tolerance time etc.
Safety-related components (I/Os, controller, control systems)
These are not part of PROFIsafe!
Not safety-related functions, e.g. diagnosis
SF
1
7
2
1
7
2
Standard
I/O
Standard
Controller
Safety
Input
Safety
Controller
1
2
7
1
2
7
1
2
7
1
7
2
1
7
2
SF SF SF SF
Safety
Output

Overview
PROFINET
in
Process
Automation

PROFINET in Process Automation
Ethernet, Industrial Ethernet and PROFINET
Ethernet is a communication technology (hard- und software) for use in
cable networks, standardized in in IEEE 802.3 since 1982 and with an actual
data rate of up to 10 Gbit/s.
Industrial Ethernet is a further development of Ethernet for use in industrial
environments (Automation technology) using robust, industry-suited
components and functionalities, which meet typical requirements pf process
industries such as real time behavior.
PROFINET is the open, Industrial Ethernet-based and standardized
(IEC 61158 and 61784) solution of PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI)
for universal use in all segments of Automation technology.
PROFINET is to-day
In factory automation widely used in all sectors and
In process automation widespread used as system bus
and in the status of stepwise introduction in the field.

Requirements of Process Industry on Fieldbus technology
The requirements of Process Industries (Chemical, Petrochemical,
Oil&Gas, etc.) differ from those of Manufacturing Industry:
Wide-spread plants with a service life up to 40 years
Highest availability without any interruption (24/365)
Operation in explosion-hazardous areas
Flexible plant topology and robust connection technology
Redundancy concepts for critical functions
Trouble-free configuration in run
Investment protection for existing plants
Suited for structures with more than 10 000 components/devices
Installation and operation by skilled workers
Other industries such as food, environmental, pharma,
water/waste water or biotechnology show minor requirements
regarding e.g. plant size or explosion protection.

PROFIBUS PA meets the specific requirements of the Process
Industry to-day and in future (Investment protection)
PROFIBUS PA is the proved fieldbus of PI for the process industries.
PROFIBUS PA enables wide-spread networks, explosion protection, and
digital integration of the field instrumentation in conaol and asset
management systems.
PROFIBUS PA is also the designation for a segment of networked PA
field devices (devices with the PA Profile implemented) which is linked to
a PROFIBUS DP or PROFINET network via a coupling element ((Link,
coupler, proxy).
PROFIBUS PA is and will remain the future-prove, sustainable key
technology of PI for the Process Industry with ensures investment
protection. Connective components to to future fieldbus system will
ensure this.

Transition from PROFIBUS to PROFINET
Premises of PI for implementation of the transition:
Smooth, stepwise procedure
Coordination of manufacturers and users
Highest priority for investment protection
PROFIBUS PA remains key technology
Result
Solution platform with timely shifted established and
new technologies and solutions

PROFINET has been and will be expanded stepwise by
process industry relevant functions
Already in PROFINET implemented functions (1):
Network installation (topology)
Line topology (for e.g. end devices)
Star topology (for e.g. control rack solutions)
Ring topology (for e.g. redundancy solutions) and
Tree topology (for e.g. mixed solutions)

Network diagnosis
using LLDP (Link Layer
Discovery Protokoll) for
Neigborhood detection
and
Graphic display of
plant topology
Network management
using the Simple Network Management Protocoll (SNMP)
for maintenance and network component control.

Easy device exchange
through cyclic exchange of neigbor hood information between the
devices and integration of the new device in the known
neigborhood of the former device.
Security
through a staged security concept with multible, configurable
security zones.
Safety (SIL)
through the protocol (as defined in EC 61784-3-3) for functional
safety in the case of transmission of elements of a fail-safe
controller with those of the process controller on the same network

User benefits
Automatic design and checking of plant topology
Accelerated commissioning and easy device exchange
Easy configuration even without engineering tool
Prevention of interest conflicts
Handling easier as with 4-20 mA technology
Diagnosis handling according to NAMUR NE 107 remains
unchanged

PROFINET functions in realization (1):
Changes in run
Intervention into a running plant (e.g. for device exchange)
is shock-free and without any reaction on the communication on
the network. This works for various types of devices.

Redundancy solutions
Media redundancy (left) with more than one communication path
between device and controller
System redundancy (right) with more than one communication
relation between device and redundant controllers
Media redundancy (MRP)

User benefits from redundancy
Formation of an electrical ring
No additional hardware required
Combination of media- and system redundancy
Free scalable availability
Highest availability by means of 4-path redundancy

Time stamping
according to IEEE 1588 including filing and precise cause analysis
Proxy technology
to integrate existing plant
sections into PROFINET.
Proxy: A gateway which
represents structured
devices in a PROFINET
network .
See also next slide.

User benefits from proxy technology
Openess through integration of existing fieldbus systems and
installed base
100% investment protection
Stepwise transition from PROFIBUS to PROFINET
Standardized engineering
Suitability for use in explosion-hazardous areas

PROFINET functions in definition:
Upgraded PA device profile
Independent from physical layer and protocol
Input of user experiences and requirements
Consideration of “Core Parameter”
Resulting user benefits
Consistent and simple processes
Manufacturer-independent project planning by Profile-GSD
Continued existence of diagnosis model acc. to NE 107
Data exchange turns into information exchange because of
transmission of higher data rate
Synchronization of measured value unit between field device
and control system

Topology to day: PROFIBUS DP in the field
Devices and PROFIBUS PA segments are connected to
PROFIBUS DP via Remote I/O, Links or direct.

Topology to day and in the near future:
PROFINET in the field for certain applications
Device integration to PROFINET:
Direct : Devices such as Remote I/O or or Motor Management Systems (left)
Via switches: PROFINET- devices without need for Ex-protection and
optionally with energy supply via PoE (right) and
Via a proxy: unchanged PROFIBUS PA segments.(center))

Topology in the future:
PROFINET in the field, even under ex-hazardous conditions
Integration to PROFINET:
Devices: via Remote IO, Switches and a future
Ethernet Physical Layer with Ex-suitability
PROFIBUS PA-Segments: via Proxy

Topology in the future:
PROFINET in the field, even under ex-hazardous conditions (2)
Consistent Physical Layer for Ethernet-based communication
Required features:
Power and communication via a single medium
Communication line length up to 1000 m
Easy to handle installation technology
Ignition protection for explosion-hazardous areas
Development independent of PI;
PI however will support the solution.

How
to
design
PROFIBUS?
PROFIBUS
provides
clear
design and
topology
concepts

PROFIBUS uses two physical layers: RS-485 and MBP
In “PROFIBUS DP”, the “DP Protocol” runs on RS-485.
In “PROFIBUS PA”, the “DP Protocol” runs on MBP*).
How to design PROFIBUS?
RS - 485
PROFIBUS DP
MBP
PROFIBUS PA
MBP- IS
PROFIBUS PA
Baud rate 9.6 ... 12.000 kBit/s 31.25 kBit/sec 31.25 kBit/sec
Devices/segment (max.) 32 32 32
Devices/segment (typic.) 14 ... 20 4 ... 6
Cable length max. 1200 1900 m 1000 m
Spur line length max. 120 m 60 m
*) MBP: Manchester Coded Bus Powered

PROFIBUS DP and PA feature different network layouts
PROFIBUS DP running on RS-485 allows only daisy chained
nodes in the network layout and no spur lines.
PROFIBUS PA running on MBP allows much more flexibility
in network layout including a variety of topologies such as trunk,
star, or tree.
Both must be terminated at the extreme ends; termination
characteristics are different for DP and PA networks.
How to design PROFIBUS?
*) MBP: Manchester Coded Bus Powered

PROFIBUS DP via RS-485
32 devices max. (incl. controller) on one segment.
Devices must be daisy chained; no spur lines.
Segment must be terminated (T).
Baud rate depends on segment length.
Repeater are possible, 9 max. per segment.
Use of “recommended grounding methods”.
How to design PROFIBUS DP?
Controller T
Devices
Segment

PROFIBUS PA - Trunk topology
One main cable (trunk) and spur lines
Maximum length of spurs depends on number of spurs
T-connectors with or without short-circuit protection
With optional overvoltage protection
Convenient and easy solution
TLink/
Coupler
Trunk
Spur lines
Devices

PROFIBUS PA - Star topology
Junction Box with or without short-circuit protection
All spur lines come from the junction box:
Convenient and easy solution
Link/
Coupler
Junction
Box
T
Devices

PROFIBUS PA - Trunk-and-spur topology
Short-circuit protection at the spur lines
Clearly arranged and easy to document
Link/
Coupler
TPROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA T
Junction
Box
Junction
Box
Spur lines
Trunk
Devices

PROFIBUS PA - Ring topology
Two redundant links/couplers
High availability of the trunk
Short-circuit protection at the spur
intern
Link/
Coupler
T
TLink/
Coupler
Junction
Box
Junction
Box
Junction
Box
PROFIBUS PAIntern
Spur lines
Trunk
Devices

How
to
install
PROFIBUS?
“Trunk and Spur”
The most
common
installation
concept

“Trunk and Spur“ is the most common installation concept.
Very clearly arranged and easily to document
Short-circuit protection at the spur
Junction boxes are easy accessible.
Installation: Trunk and Spur concept
intern
Link/
Coupler
TPROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA T
Junction
Box
Junction
Box
Spur lines
Trunk
Devices

Installation: Junction Boxes
Spur lines to
field devices
High power trunk
terminator (resp. „out“)
High power
trunk „in“
Protection
cabinet
Junction box (Other designations: Fieldbus
coupler, field barrier, multibarrier, ...
Junction boxes connect spur lines to the trunk.

Installation: Junction Boxes
intern
Fieldbus Junction Boxes
Installed on an easy accessible location of the plant
Mounted in a cabinet to protect against humidity and dust
Coupled to the trunk which either terminates or continues
to the next junction box
Spurs to the field devices are applied in the box
Electronic provides functional protection (e.g. short-cut at
the spur) and explosion protection (e.g. intrinsically safe)
Junction Boxes are available from various vendors
in different design.

Shielding and Grounding
The recommended grounding practices:
Connect all cable shields to ground.
Use a grounding cable to go from cabinet to cabinet
in the same segment.
Types of grounding:
Direct grounding (at any connecting point)
Capacitive grounding
Installation: Shielding and Grounding
intern

intern
Direct Grounding
Requires potential equalisation between Ex- und non-ex areas.
intern
Potential equalisation
Segment
coupler or
Linking
device
PROFIBUS DP
PROFIBUS PA
Non-ex area Ex area
Shielded
supply cable
Junction box
PROFIBUS PA
Field
device
Field
deviceSpur
TrunkTrunk

Capacitive Grounding
To be used as soon as potential equalisation is not secured.
intern
intern
Potential equalisation
Segment
Coupler or
Linking
Device
PROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA
None-Ex area Ex-area
Junction box
PROFIBUS PA
Field
device
Field
device
Blocking capacitor:
Solid Dielektrikum
(e.g. ceramics)
C ≤ 10nF
Test voltage ≥ 1500V
Shielded supply
cable
Trunk
Spur
Spur
PROFIBUS PA
Functinal ground

How
to manage
PA Field
Devices?
PROFIBUS
PA device
management
is easy

Field Device Management (6 Use Cases)
1. Device Update with a new (compatible) Device Description
2. Device Upgrade with a new DD with extended functionality
3. Device Exchange with same device type and same version
4. Device Exchange with same device type but different version
5. Device Exchange with device of different type or from different
supplier using the profile GSD
6. Device Exchange with device of different type or from different
supplier using PA Profile 3.02
7. Device-neutral Configuration
PROFIBUS PA - Field Device Management

Device Update
Use of a new compatible Device Description (DD)
Step 1: Import the new DD
Step 2: Replace the old DD content by the new one
Step 3: Old DD is overwritten
PA Field Device Management – Use case 1
Device Integration
Manager
New DD
V 01.00.01
1
Old DD
V 01.00.00
New DD
V 01.00.01
2 3

Device Update
Use of a new DD with extended functionality
Step 1: Import the new DD
Step 2: Export the old parameter data
Step 3: Exchange the DD
Step 4: Import the new parameter data
Step 5: Compare with field device to complete parameter (not shown)
New DD
V 01.01.00
1 3 4
Old DD
V 01.00.00
2

Device Exchange
Same device type and same version
Step 1: Remove old/defect device (tagged with address 46)
Step 2: Install new device (tagged preliminary with address 126)
Step 3: Change address of new device to 46
Step 4: Upload parameter data
Revision 1
Adress 126
Revision 1
Adress 46
Revision 1
Adress 126
Adress 46
1 32 4
Revision 1
Addres 46

Device Exchange
Same device type but different versions
Step 1: Remove old/defect device (tagged with address 46)
Step 2: Install new device (Rev. 2, with address 126) and change address to 46
Step 3: Exchange DD and export parameter data
Step 4: Import parameter data
Step 5: Complete parameterization and upload parameters into the device
(not shown)
Revision 2
Adress 126
Revision 1
Adress 46
1 32 4
DD
V 02.02.01
DD
V 01.00.00
Revision 2
Adress 126
Adress 46
Revision 1 Revision 2

Device Exchange
Device of different type or from different supplier - Use of profile GSD
Step 1: Remove old or defect device (Rev A, Type X, tagged with address 46)
Step 2: Install new device (Rev B, Type Y, with address 126) and change to 46
Step 3: Export parameter data
Step 4: Exchange DD and import parameter data
(not shown)
Rev A
Type X
Adresse 46
1 32 4
DD
V 02.02.01
DD
V 01.00.00
Rev B
Adresse 126
Adresse 46
Type X Type Y
Rev B
Type Y
Adresse 126

Device Exchange
Device of same type and same supplier/dufferent GSD –
Use of PA Profile 3.02
Step 1: Remove old/defect device (Type X, Rev A, address 46, ID XXXX)
Step 2: Install new device (Type X, Rev B, address 126, ID YYYY)
Step 3: Change adress to 46; ID is automatically changed to YYYY
Step 4: Export parameter data
Step 5: Exchange DD and import parameter data
(not shown)
Type X
Revision B
Address 126
ID yyyy
Type X
Revision A
Adresse 46
ID xxxx
1 32 4
DD
V 02.02.01
DD
V 01.00.00
Address 126
Address 46
ID xxxx
ID yyyy
Revision A Revision B
5

129
Use of PA field devices in practice
Easy field device exchange

130
Service range in the adress space
A „service range“ can be
used for device-storing:
keeping them live on the
network but without imple-
menting them in the PLC/DCS,
for example to paramterize
them via the bus.
Also, this devices can be
kept as a backup for critical
positions. As soon as an
operational device fails, the
backup device can be set to
the corresponding adress via
the bus and build in at the
correct position.
Default according to specification
Segment extent 32 devices
Adress space 1 – 126
Typical adresses 1 for service-Tools, 126 for device exchange
1 126
Re-setting for practical use (Installation of a service range)
User space 1 – XX (XX freely selectable)
Space for service
and device-storing XX – 126 (Adresses for several devices)
1 126XX
Service and
device-storing space
User space
During comissioning or device exchange:
Shift from 126 to a new, lower, free adress
Default according to specification
Typical adresses 1 for service-Tools, 126 for device exchange
1 126
Re-setting for practical use (Installation of a service range)
User space 1 – XX (XX freely selectable)
Space for service
and device-storing XX – 126 (Adresses for several devices)
1 126XX
Service and
device-storing space
User space
During comissioning or device exchange:
Shift from 126 to a new, lower, free adress

Device-neutral Configuration
During plant installation and commissioning, the final
field device assembly is often not yet known in detail
A “device-neutral” configuration is helpful in this case.
Conventional field devices are principally „device neutral“;
because all feature the 4-20 mA “interface” and transmit
one process value in one direction on one separate cable
each.
Modern PROFIBUS PA field devices allow
“device-neutral interfacing” by using the Profile GSD.
The Profile GSD acts as an identic interface for all PA
devices with regard to transmission of defined vendor-
neutral process values.

132
Device-neutral communication configuration
4 – 20 mA
interface
Signal tranformation
device-specific
device-specific
Parameter description
device-specific
4 – 20 mA
interface
4 – 20 mA
interface
Profile
GSD
Profile
GSD
Profile-
GSD
Profile
GSD
Signal transformation
device-uniform
Profile- or device-specific
4-20 mA/ HART
Device-neutral
by 4-10 mA „standard“
PROFIBUS PA
Device-neutral
by Profile GSD
One analog process value
One information direction
One cable for each device
Many digital process values
Two information directions
One cable for all devices
4 – 20 mA
interface
4 – 20 mA
interface
device-specific
device-specific
device-specific
4 – 20 mA
interface
4 – 20 mA
interface
Profile
GSD
Profile
GSD
Profile-
GSD
Profile
GSD
Signal transformation
device-uniform
Profile- or device-specific
4-20 mA/ HART
Device-neutral
by 4-10 mA „standard“
PROFIBUS PA
Device-neutral
by Profile GSD
One analog process value
One information direction
One cable for each device
Many digital process values
Two information directions
One cable for all devices
4 – 20 mA
interface

GSD means General Station Description
A GSD is a text file defining all protocol information and cyclic data
of a field device. It is used by the network configuration software
to identify the slave and
To set up the data exchange between the master
and the slave during cyclic data exchange.
A Profile-GSD comprises all field device information which correspond
to the content of a PROFIBUS profile, e.g. the “PA profile”.
Therefore, all PROFIBUS PA devices dispose of an uniform
Profile-GSD which is, in some aspects, comparable to the 4-20mA
concept of conventional devices.

How
to use
PROFIBUS PA
Diagnostics?
PROFIBUS PA
provides an
intelligent
Diagnosis
Concept

Different tasks for plant operators and maintenance
personnel
Process plant operators have to control mainly availability and
validity of process values, to ensure the process is running well.
Maintenance and service personnel have to control the correct
functioning of the devices and, if necessary, to locate and replace
defect equipment.
PROFIBUS PA (profile 3.02) diagnosis technology offers an
efficient solution to select the right information for any of these
groups and thus to avoid an overflow with information and alarms.
The solution is based on the NAMUR NE 107 recommendation
regarding the use of 6 different classes of alarms.
PROFIBUS PA Diagnosis Concept

PROFIBUS PA devices transfer cyclically, along with the process
value, a “value status” (condensed status) which carries easy-to-
interpret information. The value status is categorized in one the 6
classes as specified in the NAMUR recommendation NE 107.
Maintenance station
Status path
(Process related )
Maintenance specfic
symbol display
(Detailedinformation)
Process specific
symbol display
(Status information)
Diagnosis path
(Device related )
Control station
„Meas. value status “
„Diagnosis“
Maintenance station
Status path
(Process related )
Maintenance specfic
symbol display
Process specific
symbol display
(Status information)
Diagnosis path
(Device related )
Control station
„Diagnosis“
See next page2
Maintenance
Failure
Out of specification
Functional check
Maintenance
Failure
Out of
Functional check
1
Condensed
status ?
Event
Condensed
status ?
Event
1
Revision 1Revision 1

The condensed status signal is transmitted to the maintenance
station (via “Diagnosis path”) and to the operator station (via “Status
path”) where the signal is interpreted. Visualization is done by displaying
symbols from NE 107: Typically just one symbol (ok or not ok) at the
operator station, but more symbols at the maintenance station providing
more details.
Maintenance station
Status path
(Process related )
Maintenance specfic
symbol display
Process specific
symbol display
(Statusinformation)
Diagnosis path
(Device related )
Control station
„Diagnosis“
Maintenance station
Status path
(Process related )
Maintenance specfic
symbol display
Process specific
symbol display
(Statusinformation)
Diagnosis path
(Device related )
Control station
„Diagnosis“
2
Maintenance
Failure
Out of
Functional
Maintenance
Failure
Out of specification
Functional check
2
Condensed
status ?
Event
Condensed
status ?
Event
Revision 1Revision 1

More information: see “Diagnosis & Asset Management”.

PROFIBUS
Benefits
PROFIBUS
generates
multiple
benefits

PROFIBUS is based on modularity and standards
The benefit: Flexibility and Ease of use
The single communication protocol enables continuous,
discrete, and safety-related processes to run on the same bus
The benefit: No need for separate bus systems
Device profiles ensure compatible device behaviour at the bus
The benefit: User can select the best suited device
Multiple benefits from PROFIBUS (1)

Diagnostic data display sorted according to NAMUR NE 107
The benefit: Operator can reliably detect the device status
The integrated redundancy ensures uninterrupted operation
The benefit: High plant availability and efficiency

Benefits for management and engineering staff
Plant Manager
Lower overall plant costs
Faster and more flexible production
Better and constant product quality
Safer plant operation
Increased ROI
More flexible production
Engineering staff
Less wiring and less hardware needs
Faster engineering
Huge vendor choice
Easier commissioning
Simpler documentation
Modular and flexible solutions

Benefits for operators and plant
Operators staff
Transparency down to the sensor
Improved maintenance conditions
Improved Asset Management
More flexible production
Shorter downtimes
Plant
Advanced technology
Easy migration
Easier revamps
Less expensive upgrades
Longer useful life

PROFIBUS &
PROFINET
International (PI)
Organisation
Technologies
Support
Website

Two Technologies – One Organisation
Development and support of two technologies
Fieldbus-based
Automation Technology
Ethernet-based
Automation Technology
Proxy Technology
Regional PI
Associations
PI Competence
Centers
PI Test
Laboratories
PI Training
Centers
PI (PROFIBUS & PROFINET International)

PI - Worldwide Presence and Support
26
Regional PI
Associations
Your local contacts!
10
Test Laboratories
Your partners for
certification!
55
Competence Centers
Your support for
technical questions!
31
Trainig Centers
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Over 1,400 member companies worldwide

147
PI - Benefits of Membership
With its background of more than 25years and over 1,400
member companies PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI)
is the most influential interest group in industrial communication.
The unique intenational network and experience of PI provide
the member companies with a significant competitive edge.
PI members benefit from the professional marketing of
PROFIBUS and PROFINET at national and international levels.
PI members have access to all technical documentation and
can participate in further developments of technologies.
The regional representatives provide worldwide support for
realizing developments, training users and certifying products.

PI - Reasons for worldwide success

149
PI - Website: http://www.profibus.com/

PROFIBUS
Standardization
PROFIBUS is
standardized
worldwide

Standardization
PROFIBUS is an open fieldbus, based on IEC standards
IEC 61158
„Digital data communication for measurement and control –
Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems“
IEC 61158 deals with the technologies. The individual fieldbuses
are differentiated by the definition of “fieldbus protocol types”.
IEC 61784
„Profile sets for continuous and discrete manufacturing
relative to fieldbus use in industrial control systems“
IEC 61784 specifies in „Communication Profile Families“
which subsets of services and protocols of IEC 61158
(and other standards) are used by a given fieldbus system.

Standardization
PROFIBUS and PROFINET in IEC 61158 and IEC 61784
PROFIBUS is type 3 and PROFINET type 10
of IEC 61158 protocol types.
Actually, more than 20 protocol types exist.
For PROFIBUS and PROFINET
the communication subsets are
summarized in CPF 3.
CPF Technology Type Number CP number Technology
3 CP 3/1 PB DP
3 CP 3/2 PB PA
10 CP 3/4 PN IO CC A
10 CP 3/5 PN IO CC B
10 CP 3/6 PN IO CC C
9 HART 20 CP 9/1 HART
18 22
3
Communication Profiles
(CPF) in IEC 61784
"IEC 61158 protocol types"
corresponding to CPFs
FF1
CIP2
PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS
Implementation
and
Certification
Interfaces
Protocol
Application
Profiles

Without power supply from the bus cable
Standard copper-based RS485 (RS485-IS) interface
Data rates from 9.6 KBit/s to 12 MBit/s
Modules are available from various manufactures
With power supply from the bus cable
MBP (Manchester Coded Bus Powered) technology
supplies current of 10-15 mA on the bus cable.
Special chips draw the required operating energy
from the MBP bus connection as supply voltage to
the electronic components of the device.
Chips also convert the digital signals of the protocol chip
to the bus signal that is modulated to the energy supply.
Implementation: Transmission interfaces

For small quantities of devices: Interface modules
PROFIBUS interface modules which implement the full bus protocol
are available on the market.
For larger quantities of devices: Protocol chips
Single chip solution with all functions integrated
on the chip without a separate microcontroller (below, left)
Chips combined with a microcontroller and firmware to provide
the full implementation of the PROFIBUS protocol (mid)
Protocol chips which already include a micro-controller
inside the communication module (right)
Implementation: Communication protocol
Chip
PROFIBUS
Protocol
Chip
PROFIBUS
Protocol
Chip Microcontroller
Firmware
Chip Microcontroller
Firmware Firmware
Chip
Firmware
Chip

Interpretation of data in a field device is generally
handled by the user.
User profiles (application profiles) represent the links
between the PROFIBUS protocol and the actual application
in a field device.
Data formats, data access methods, parameterization and
cyclical and acyclic communication diagnostics defined
in the profile descriptions are implemented in software.
Implementation is handled by the device manufacturers
or by technology suppliers.
Implementation: Application profiles

Device “Testing and Certification” procedure
Certification rules
Uniform test measures
and test process
Comprehensible and
documented results
Advantages
Accreditation according to
overall guidelines of PI
ensures quality standard.
Certification ensures
interoperability and
plant availability.
PROFIBUS Certification
Test campaign in
test laboratory
No
Yes
Certification
through PI
OK ?
Device
under Test
Test campaign in
test laboratory
No
Yes
Certification
through PI
OK ?
Device
under Test
Test campaign in
test laboratory
No
Yes
Certification
through PI
OK ?
Device
under Test

Literature
PROFIBUS System Description (PI)
PROFINET System Description (PI)
PI White Paper: PROFINET – The Solution Platform for Process
Automation (PI)
Introductory book: J Powell, H Vandelinde,
“On the road with the process fieldbus –
An introduction to PROFIBUS for process automation” (PI)
Specialist book M. Popp: “The New Rapid Way to PROFIBUS“ (PI)
Specialist book: Ch.Diedrich / Th. Bangemann: “Profibus PA”
Oldenbourg Industrieverlag (in German)
Literature

PROFIBUS
Success stories
Manufacturing and
process industries

Numerous „Case Studies“ are available on the PI Website,
describing PROFIBUS applications in process and
manufacturing industries:
Car manufacturing
Cross industry applications
Energy, Pulp & Paper
Food & Beverage
Metal, Mining, Glass, Cement
Success Stories
http://www.profibus.com/index.php?id=5013&pxdprofibusfilter_technology[0]=2&pxdprofibusfilter_technology[1]=3
Oil & Gas
Packing & Filling
Paints, Chemical, Pharma
Traffic, Infrastructure
Water & Wastewater

PI Technologies for Process Automation

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