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WARM-UP
What is the size of your household
( number of people)?
How many TV’s does your family own?
How many cars does your family have?
What is the level of education of your
parents?

WORLD POPULATION
 Early 1800s = 1 Billion
 1999 = 6 Billion
 2012 = 7 Billion
 2050 est.= 9 Billion

POPULATIONS
 Population-all of the individuals of a species that live
together in one place at one time.
 Demography-the statistical study of populations. It is used
to predict how the size of a population will change.

A DEFINITION OF POPULATION STUDY
♦A study of the numbers and kinds of people in an area
and their changes
♦Seeking explanations for the patterns of variation in a
population and causes of changes
♦Projecting future changes and analyzing future
consequences

Population Studies: the study of life EVENTS.
Individuals are “at risk” of experiencing these events.

WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY?
 Demography is the scientific study of human populations, primarily
with respect to their size, their structure and their development (UN
Multinational Demographic Dictionary 1958).
 Demography is the empirical, statistical, and mathematical study of
human populations. It focus on change in population size (growth or
decline), composition of the population, and the distribution of
population in space (From Bogue – Principles of Demography)
 Demography can be defined as the quantitative study of five
demographic processes – fertility, mortality, marriage, migration, and
social mobility (change in status or circumstances). – these five
process determine the size, composition, and distribution of the
population (From Bogue)
 Demography is the statistical analysis of population data.

DEMOGRAPHY
(POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS)
 Ascribed
 Gender
 Race
 Age
 Achieved
 Education
 Income
 Occupation
 Employment
 Etc.

POPULATION GEOGRAPHY I
(DEMOGRAPHY)
The Where and Why of Population
 Density (Concentration)
 Distribution (Location)
 Demographics (Characteristics)
 Dynamics (Over time)
 Interpretation

GEOGRAPHY POPULATION ALWAYS STARTS WITH THREE
KEY QUESTIONS:-
1. What is the size of a population in a particular area ?
2. What are their characteristics ?
3. Where they live ? Why?

KEY TERMS:
 De jure
 De facto
 Urban
 Census
 Vital registration
 Sample surveys
 Reference time
 Prepare
 Collect
 Evaluate
 Analyze
 Print
 physically present
 Place of resident
 Less Developed Countries (LDC)

POPULATION DATA
 “We need numbers and rates in order to better
understand both population changes and the ways in
which those changes are related to socioeconomic and
environmental variables”
 Why else?
 Planning and policy guidelines
 Monitoring trends
 Scientific study (micro and macro levels)

 Sources of population data:
 Censuses
 Vital registrations
 Sample surveys
 International Statistics

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SOURCES
1. Population census
 Measures population STOCK.
 Aims to count entire population plus some information
about each member. Large size means study must be
kept very simple*; many temporary enumerators, &
everyone able to answer the questions.
 The UN defines the census as “…the simultaneous
recording of demographic data by the government, at a
particular time, pertaining to all the persons who live in a
particular territory”

WHAT IS THE CENSUS?
 “A census is a total count of the population of a specific
area, generally a nation, and ….a sort of social
photograph of certain conditions of a population at a
given moment which are expressible in numbers”
 Minimum information collected:
o Age and sex
o Births and deaths
o Place of residence
o Place of birth
o Income, occupation, education
o religion

 Brief history of censuses:
 The idea of counting the number of people in an area is
old - e.g. Incas (today’s Peru) who are said to have
organized society according to decimal systems.
 Sumeria and Babylonia (Mesopotamia), Ancient Egypt
and China, Rome (6th century B.C)
 Myths: Opponents of the England census (1750’s) feared
“…public misfortune or an epidemical distemper would
follow if enumeration were attempted”

 Modern census taking started in Scandinavia
 Iceland 1703
 Sweden 1749
 Norway and Denmark 1769
 First US census 1790
 ** The US was the first country to legislate time-specific
censuses
 ** “The greatest recent gains in census taking have been
made in Sub-Saharan Africa”

 Do you count people as belonging to the place where
they customarily live (de jure approach),
 or do you assign them to the place where they happen to
be (physically present) at the time of census regardless of
their home location (de facto approach)?
 Britain – De facto: which means "concerning fact".
 US – De jure: is an expression that means "concerning
law”.

 A census should:
 Be of a population of a strictly defined territory Include
every one
 Be conducted at specific date (reference time)
 Be conducted at one type of census either de jure or de
facto.
 Be conducted at one time, preferably on a single day but
for that countries with high rate population will be
conducted between 3 to 4 weeks.
 Be conducted at regular intervals 5years or 10 years.

VITAL REGISTRATION/STATISTICS
 Def. Registration statistics of demographic events such
as: births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and
abortions (does not include migration statistics).
 “Unlike the census, which is static, cross-sectional view
of a population at a specific moment in time, a
registration system is a dynamic recording of events that
can change rapidly.”
 Source:http://db.jhuccp.org/icswpd/popweb/Thesaurus/t
r617.htm

 “The major responsibility for reporting vital events to
civil registration authorities, depending upon the
country, is given to local registrar, parents or
relatives, or to physicians, midwives, undertakers,
religious officials, persons with special duties
relative to births and deaths.”

THE ADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING:
 Can be Taken much faster than censuses
 Much cheaper (the only option in some countries)
 Quality and accuracy of data can be much greater
than in complete enumerations
 Less paperwork, data handling and processing less
cumbersome.

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS
 Demographic Yearbook: The United Nations
Demographic Yearbook collects, compiles and
disseminates official statistics on a wide range of topics.
Data have been collected from national statistical
authorities since 1948 through a set of questionnaires
dispatched annually by the United Nations Statistics
Division to over 230 national statistical offices.
 Statistical Yearbook: The history of the Yearbook is itself
representative of the history of the United Nations, from the
First General Assembly of representatives of 51 Member
States held in 1946 until the Organization today made up of
193 Member States. The Yearbook provides
comprehensive coverage of political and security matters,
human rights issues, economic and social questions, legal
issues, and institutional, administrative and budgetary
matters.

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