Powerpoint Lecture 1 - Communication and Culture
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The document discusses the essential aspects of communication, including its definitions, characteristics, and the role of culture in communication practices. It highlights how communication enables individuals to express feelings, achieve goals, and influence others while requiring shared codes and feedback. Additionally, it covers intercultural communication, the learning and expression of culture, and barriers to effective communication across diverse cultural backgrounds.
Powerpoint Lecture 1 - Communication and Culture
- 1. Chapter 1 Communication: Essential Human Behavior Real Communication, Second Edition by Dan O’Hair and Mary Wiemann
- 2. Why Study Communication? Formal study can − Improve our skills − Help us make sense of what happens in our lives − Increase our personal impact − Enhance our relationships with others
- 4. Express Affiliation Affiliation is the affect, or feelings, you have for others; emotion. It can be expressed in many ways; both verbal and non verbal
- 5. Achieve Goals We need communication to accomplish particular objectives Goal or task oriented communication can be both direct and indirect
- 6. Influence Others Control; ability of one person, group, or organization to influence others.
- 7. Describing Communication Communication is the process by which individuals use symbols, signs, and behaviors to exchange information.
- 8. Characteristics of Communication Symbolic −Symbols are arbitrary constructions that refer to people, things, and concepts −Symbols stand for things, but they are not the “thing.” There is no relationship between symbols and the “thing” they stand for.
- 9. Symbols Tree
- 10. Features (cont’d) Meaning −the significance we bestow on phenomena—what they signify to us −We negotiate the meaning of symbols with others through communication
- 11. Characteristics of Communication Requires a shared code − A code is a set of symbols joined together to create meaning −Involves encoding and decoding
- 12. Characteristics of Communication Need not be intentional −Giving information vs. giving off information
- 13. Characteristics of Communication Occurs through various channels −A channel is a method through which communication occurs
- 15. Components of Communication (cont’d) Feedback is the verbal or nonverbal response to communication. +/- The Channel is the medium by which the message travels; “the medium is the message” Context or a specific environment that involves several situational factors; Culture − People simultaneously send and receive messages − Changes over time − Occurs within systems
- 16. Components of Communication (cont’d) Noise is any interference that occurs as we communicate. Internal or External.
- 17. Chapter 3 Communication and Culture Real Communication, Second Edition by Dan O’Hair and Mary Wiemann
- 18. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 19. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 20. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 21. Culture Described Culture is a… learned system of thought and behavior that belongs to and typifies a relatively large group of people; it is the composite of their shared beliefs, values, and practices.
- 22. How do we learn culture? listening and observing others' communication worldview—the framework through which we interpret the world Learn Culture through communication Express Culture through communication
- 23. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Intercultural Communication Communication between people from different cultures who have different worldviews. Why does it matter?
- 24. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Intercultural Communication We live in a diverse society. The world is mobile. Computer mediated communication Global market place
- 25. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Cultural Variation 1. High Context vs. Low-Context 2. Collectivist vs. Individualist 3. Uncertainty Tolerance 4. Masculine vs. Feminine 5. Power Distance 6. Time Orientation 7. Emotional Expression
- 26. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. High-Context vs Low-Context High-context cultures use contextual cues (such as time, place, relationship, and situation) to interpret meaning and send subtle messages. Low-context cultures use very direct language and rely less on situational factors to communicate.
- 27. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 28. Collectivist vs Individualist Collectivists tend to perceive themselves as members of larger groups first and communicate from that perspective. People from individualist cultures value individuality, autonomy, and privacy.
- 30. Power Distances Way in which a culture accepts and expects the division of power among individuals
- 31. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 32. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 33. Masculine vs Feminine Masculine cultures place value on assertiveness, achievement, ambition, and competitiveness. Feminine cultures place value on nurturance, relationships, and quality of life
- 34. Comfort with uncertainty Cultures differ in the degree of anxiety that members feel about the unknown. The ability to adapt behaviors in order to reduce uncertainty and risk, is referred to as uncertainty avoidance.
- 35. Time Orientation The way that cultures communicate with and about time Monochronic cultures treat time as a limited resource that can be saved or wasted. Polychronic cultures are less concerned with making every moment count and time is a much more fluid concept.
- 36. Value of Emotional Expression Hyperbole, vivid language with great emotional intensity, is often used by collectivist cultures. Individualist cultures tend to use more understatement, language that downplays the emotional intensity or importance of events.
- 37. What Co-Cultures do you belong to? Groupings with unique characteristics; race, sex, gender religion, common interests, activities. Generational cultures
- 38. Barriers to Competent Intercultural Communication Anxiety Ethnocentrism Discrimination Combat with… Intercultural sensitivity Intergroup contact Accommodation