Practical challenges in design thinking solutions in AI and IoT@saurabhgupta218
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This document discusses the practical challenges of design thinking solutions in artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT). It begins by outlining the root causes that create challenges, such as mindsets that are opinionated or make assumptions. It then discusses common problem-solving approaches like deductive and inductive reasoning. The document advocates for a life-centered design approach and emphasizes the importance of empathy. It provides examples of how design thinking has created value for companies like Netflix, Airbnb, and a news app called Pulse through human-centered solutions.
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Practical challenges in design thinking solutions in AI and IoT@saurabhgupta218
- 1. PRACTICAL CHALLENGES IN DESIGN THINKING SOLUTIONS IN AI AND IOT @saurabhgupta218 saurabh21 +91-7389727963 HUMAN LIFE CENTERD DESIGN
- 3. S Ramanujan Can we learn or teach – How to do “Effective” AI and IoT Innovations? 3 Innovation is a “design” process
- 4. • Jugaad Man: Uddhab Bharali • The Non-stop inventor Two important statements - Nobody can make you a innovator - You have to “feel” it 4
- 5. L e t s f o l l o w D e s i g n t h i n k i n g p r o c e s s i t s e l f t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e challenges i n D e s i g n T h i n k i n g s o l u t i o n s i n A I a n d I o T ( m i n i m i z i n g o b j e c t i v e f u n c t i o n ) A n d Empathize w i t h A I a n d I o T 5
- 6. WHY HOW WHAT • … the theme is important today • History of Design Thinking • … to approach • Preliminary Tools • Growth Mindset • Wicked Problems • Convergent and Divergent Thinking • Philosophy Design thinking process • … are the challenges • Case Studies in AI and IoT 6 Like 5 Why Framework
- 7. WHY – … THE THEME IS IMPORTANT TODAY 7
- 8. R O O T C A U S E S T H AT C R E AT E C H A L L E N G E S AT F I R S T P L A C E • MINDSET • o p i n i o n a t e d , h a v e a s s u m p t i o n s , j u d g m e n t a l , b i a s e d • Reasoning Approaches • “tame” problem mindset • Conditioned from earlier (19th and 20th) centuries • Design vs Design Thinking • Problem Understanding • “tame” vs “wicked” 8
- 9. M I N D S E T Most Common Ones are - • Deductive reasoning • traditional form of reasoning you’ll be familiar with from pure maths or physics which start with a general hypothesis, then use evidence to prove (or disprove) its validity. • Inductive reasoning • using experimentation to derive a hypothesis from a set of general observations. • Not so common - Abductive reasoning ? • associated with creative problem solving 9
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- 11. Paul Saffo – A futurist 19th century- Industrial Economy 20th century – Consumer Economy 21st century – Creators Economy 11
- 12. 12 Design -> Design Thinking Focusing just on design is very incremental and don’t have much impact Emerged in later half of 20th century as design became a tool for consumerism It makes products amusing, desirable but “not important” Are we using DT today just to have better look and feel or also to have better utility of the product ?
- 13. MOST COMMON ONES ARE TAME PROBLEMS - can be solved by choosing and applying the correct algorithm … a panacea or silver bullet 13
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- 15. • In a world of logic, it doesn't make sense for a systemic process to be fuzzy, messy, abstract and obscure as they are perceived as unpredictable, inefficient, ineffective and not measurable. Therefore it is hard for organizations to relate how tasks can be executed by the confused team and business objectives can be achieved using Design Thinking. • This is the biggest obstacle organization cannot accept as part of their working process, but when they do innovation happens. 15
- 16. If “Design Thinking” is a solution today, then what would have been the “need” or “pain point” it addressed years before That very first thought (DT as the case study itself) 16
- 17. A BIT ABOUT HISTORY The origins of design thinking partially lie in the development of creativity techniques in the 1950s. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED (NEEDFINDING) - not much novel functionality - i.e. solutions that satisfy a novel need or solutions that satisfy an old need in an entirely new way - lower performance levels of a solution - production costs - low saleability Problems with AI and IoT - Trust & Ethics - Limited Knowledge, Data Scarcity - How to approach AGI - Bias 17
- 18. 1970 s design and planning problems are wicked problems as opposed to "tame", single disciplinary, problems of science 1980 s bring the rise of human-centered design 1990 s Design thinking was adapted for business purposes 2005 Stanford University's d.school begins to teach design thinking as a generalizable approach to technical and social innovation 2020 L i f e - c e n t e r e d d e s i g n i n t h e t i m e o f E m e r g i n g Te c h n o l o g i e s ( A I , I o T e t c . ) 18
- 20. • We have found the • “problem worth solving” • Mindset • Lack of Understanding the problem • “job to be done” • Developing right mindset • Understanding the problem well 20
- 21. WHY HOW WHAT • … the theme is important today • History of Design Thinking • … to approach • Preliminary Tools • Growth Mindset • Wicked Problems • Convergent and Divergent Thinking • Philosophy of Design thinking process • … are the challenges • Case Studies in AI and IoT 21 Like 5 Why Framework
- 22. HOW – … TO APPROACH THE CONCEPT 22
- 23. Preliminary Tools - Growth Mindset - Wicked Problems - Convergent and Divergent Thinking 23
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- 25. WICKED PROBLEMS - Initially Completely difficult and almost impossible to solve - We don’t have data for these problems - Open ended, ill defined problems which creates new problems when you try to solve them - Examples - Computer mouse for grandmother - Traffic Jams - Queues in the public offices 25
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- 27. • devising more than one solution for a problem statement • requires • speed, • accuracy, • efficiency, • logical reasoning, and • Techniques • judgment is an important part 27
- 29. 29 DT is not just about creativity but also abductive reasoning the least well known of the three forms of reasoning • Deductive • Inductive • Abductive • the one that’s associated with creative problem solving.
- 30. Abductive Reasoning • form of reasoning where you make inferences (or educated guesses) based on an incomplete set of information in order to come up with the most likely solution • This is how • doctors come up with their diagnoses, • well-known scientists formed their hypotheses, and • how most designers work. • Even Sherlock Holmes Should be preferred over logical certainty of deductive reasoning or the statistical comfort of inductive reasoning 30
- 31. Abductive Reasoning • Unlike deduction or induction, a b d u c t i v e l o g i c a l l o w s f o r t h e c r e a t i o n o f n e w k n o w l e d g e a n d i n s i g h t much of Einstein's work was done as a "thought experiment" (for he never experimentally dropped elevators), that some of his peers discredited it as too fanciful. 31
- 32. 32 Einstein must had empathized with Physics or other physicists
- 33. Abductive Reasoning A r e w e s u r e i f w e a r e u s i n g A B D U C T I V E R E A S O N I N G I n s o l v i n g A I p r o b l e m s O R w e a r e u s i n g D e d u c t i v e o r I n d u c t i v e R e a s o n i n g 33
- 35. MELINDA GATES: HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN LIFE-CENTERED DESIGN (A PROCESS NOT AN OUTCOME) MEETING PEOPLE WHERE THEY ARE AND REALLY TAKING THEIR NEEDS AND FEEDBACK INTO ACCOUNT. WHEN YOU LET PEOPLE PARTICIPATE IN THE DESIGN PROCESS, YOU FIND THAT THEY OFTEN HAVE INGENIOUS IDEAS ABOUT WHAT WOULD REALLY HELP THEM. AND IT’S NOT A ONETIME THING; IT’S AN ITERATIVE PROCESS. WIRED: What innovation do you think is changing the most lives in the developing world? 35
- 36. HOW DOES THAT WORK IN PRACTICE? PAUL FARMER IN HAITI I WOULD SEE PEOPLE SLEEPING OUTSIDE THE HOSPITAL WITH THEIR DONKEY SADDLE UNDER THEIR NECK — THEY’D BEEN WAITING THERE FOR DAYS. AND NO ONE WAS ASKING THEM, “WHAT ARE YOU EATING WHILE YOU’RE WAITING? WHAT IS YOUR FAMILY EATING WHILE YOU’RE GONE?” WE HAVE TO DESIGN A HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM BY ACTUALLY TALKING TO PEOPLE AND ASKING, “WHAT WOULD MAKE THIS SERVICE BETTER FOR YOU?” AS SOON AS YOU START ASKING, YOU GET A FLOOD OF ANSWERS. 36
- 37. LIFE CENTRIC APPROACH 37 Plants communicate with each other using “internet of fungus” Life Centered Design is for all, not just for those who can “afford it” Life Centered Design’s bottom line is necessity and “creating value”, not cost Life Centered Design is symbiotic with nature
- 38. What is DT ? Design thinking is a life human- centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success. — TIM BROWN, EXECUTIVE CHAIR OF IDEO USE IN - SOLVING WICKED PROBLEMS … a panacea or silver bullet 38
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- 44. Why Empathy is important 44 allows high-impact solutions to bubble up from below rather than being imposed from the top
- 45. 45 Isambard Kingdom Brunel was an English civil engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history,” "one of the 19th-century engineering giants,” and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions." I want to give the Experience of “floating” to passengers along the countryside - flattest gradient, longest tunnels
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- 47. • “Needs” as Verbs vs Nouns • Nouns are mostly solutions • Verbs are more generative • Eg – Instead of platform, monkey needs solution to reach the tap, then we can think of many solutions (nouns) • Henry Ford and Steve Jobs – What the needs are • Try to find the ”need” the user has • Needs are opportunities, not solutions • Insights (“Why” response to the need) – • Maybe the monkey is not thirsty and just want to play with the tap • Immersion, observation 47 What the monkey is trying to do ? Wat concerns the user, what makes sense for them and interests and values of the users
- 48. Have you ever worried about your drip ? 48
- 49. • Automated Drip monitoring system • (with Calidad Healthcare Pvt Ltd) • We made it “very smart” and has put all kind of engineering, then we came to know most of the nurses don’t have smartphones. • And we redesigned it again. 49
- 50. SHOPWELL • helps you maintain a healthy diet and is especially useful if you are allergic to or want to avoid certain foods. • Its app delivers ratings for a wide variety of food items specific to your profile, helping you find healthier alternatives to foods you like to eat. • "like having a personal dietitian in the palm of your hands” • And they have found that mostly the customers hit after they have been diagnosed with something 50
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- 53. Why it is important 53 Better understanding of the problem with thorough understanding of the users context and to go into the direction “problem worth solving”
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- 55. Why it is important 55 To find “new angles”
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- 57. Why it is important 57 Save lot of resources
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- 59. Why it is important 59 Helps to “Fail (if at all) Early”
- 60. Artificial Intelligence can be classified into three different types of systems • analytical - Cognitive Intelligence • human-inspired - Cognitive and Emotional Intelligence • humanised artificial intelligence - all types of competencies (i.e., cognitive, emotional, and social intelligence), is able to be self-conscious and is self-aware in interactions. W I C K E D P R O B L E M The AI field draws upon computer science, information engineering, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields. 60
- 61. • The Philosophy of AI attempts to answer such questions as follows • Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve any problem that a person would solve by thinking? • Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially a computer? • Can a machine have a mind, mental states, and consciousness in the same sense that a human being can? Can it feel how things are? 61 W I C K E D P R O B L E M
- 62. • The Philosophy of IoT • The interplay of smart devices, smart services, and humans has been depicted to h i g h l i g h t t r u s t p e r m e a b i l i t y in human and IoT interfaces. • The aspects of attention, subjectivity, objectivity, happiness, key ethical concerns, and the need for algorithmic transparency and accountability in autonomous IoT • Will a person become a “thing”, which, along with the objects of everyday experience will be a part of the information network? • Will be dissolved the human being, its specific existential potency in information flows or not? 62 W I C K E D P R O B L E M
- 63. 63 Design practice in the context of AI Factories when there is lot of data - chatbot of Booking.com translates in 43 different languages.
- 64. WHY HOW WHAT • … the theme is important today • History of Design Thinking • … to approach • Preliminary Tools • Growth Mindset • Wicked Problems • Convergent and Divergent Thinking • Philosophy of Design thinking process • … are the challenges • Case Studies in AI and IoT 64 Like 5 Why Framework
- 65. WHAT – VALUE DT HAS CREATED - CASE STUDIES 65
- 66. NETFLIX Challenge - When there is lot of data - still personalized the user experience - using AI - designers have to ideate products to be commercialized at scale, but • AI helps in conceiving a new offering and then design the problem solving loops that will develop and deliver the specific solutions for specific users. 66
- 67. AIRBNB • Challenge – • Achieving people centricity in hospitality businesses is extremely complex by nature, because their ecosystems are characterized by d i v e r s i t i e s i n c u l t u r e s , a g e s , b a c k g r o u n d s , a n d t r a v e l p u r p o s e s - Hosted 3 million travellers where all different from each other - designs the price of each individual list in an instantaneous and dynamic way 67
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- 69. PULSE • NEWS APP • We did develop products before, but we didn’t think about things like gaining empathy for our users or developing prototypes at that time. That was missing.” • - Founders of PULSE • They met at cafés in Palo Alto where they also encountered their future users. It was often the little insights that shaped their idea further: • We started observing people reading news in cafés in Palo Alto. • We basically stayed all day in a café for user tests. • We then realized that other users felt the same way. They were also dissatisfied with how news was read on mobile phones at that time. • Newsreaders back then required you to put in RSS feeds and were tedious to set up. • We focused on visuals so that users could discover a lot of content really quickly.” 69
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- 71. • chatbots are expected to be the No. 1 consumer applications of AI over the next five years, according to Tech Emergence. 71
- 72. 72 - 200 designs rejected - Prototypes - Interior design to automobile design - Testing more then 50 shades of red - Wrecking 40 SUVs
- 73. • DT in • Emerging Technologies • Science, Technology Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) • DT to solve math problems • Case Study 73
- 74. 74 It’s a good approach for market-pull kind of innovation, and not so much about ‘technology-push’ It’s a M e t h o d , n o t M A G I C DT as a CASE STUDY is itself in the “ i t e r a t i v e ” p h a s e o f D T