Quality Considerations in eLearning
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The document discusses quality assurance issues in e-learning, highlighting the perception that online education is of inferior quality compared to traditional courses. It outlines key quality criteria across various aspects such as program design, student recruitment, staffing, teaching strategies, assessment methods, library services, administrative support, and coordination. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for robust technology infrastructure and effective communication to enhance the e-learning experience.
![Context
Defined policies &
procedures to
ensure quality of
traditional courses…
Quality assurance often
afterthought to convert
existing courses for
online delivery…
eLearning has a
perception of being
inferior quality to
traditional learning
Dr Neil Clifton [CC-BY] http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2326197](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-2-320.jpg)
![1. Programme Design
Economics student enrols for course
with only one 20 year old textbook
and is required download own
resources
• ICT is appropriate
• Include digital
resources
• Alternative online /
offline access
Browning [CC-BY-NC] https://www.flickr.com/photos/smichael/4563914649](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-5-320.jpg)
![4. Teaching & Learning Strategy
A student receives all
her materials on a
flash disk and is told to
go study and submit
the assignments end
of term
Image: Vanguard Visions [CC-BY]
• Orientation to technology
• Technical support
• Regular engagement and
interaction](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-8-320.jpg)
![5. Assessment
Accounting students have
one online multiple
choice test that does not
count and a MCQ
examination that counts
100%
• Online submission, marking &
return processes
• Variety of e-assessment
• Reliability and security
• Regular formative assessment
• Feedback
Qperello [CC-BY] http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertogp123/5843577306/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-9-320.jpg)
![6. Library Services
Nursing student needs
access to a physical
textbook at the library
but student is working full
time
• Access to ICT outside of class
times
• Wider access to e-resources
• Develop information literacy
ParentingPatch [CC-BY-SA] http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertogp123/5843577306/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-10-320.jpg)
![7. Administrative
When 2000 first year
students try to submit
their assignments, the
LMS crashes
• Online Support Services
• Robust data systems
• Learning Analytics
Pimenta [CC-BY-SA] https://www.flickr.com/photos/guspim/2280690094/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-11-320.jpg)
![8. Coordination
A first year course
enrols 2000 students
but only employs 2
tutors
• Alignment to
organisational strategy
• ICT Budget
• Online Tutors
JuditK [CC-BY-ND] https://www.flickr.com/photos/juditk/8973427921/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-12-320.jpg)
![Platforms
Content
Curation
Polls /
Quizzes
Free / Open Source
Collabora-tion
Blog &
Microblog
Multi-media
Virtual
Meeting
Rooms
Sharing
Social
Networks
Learning Tools
Adapted from: Cavazza, Social Media Landscape [CC-BY-NC-SA]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/qainelearningv1-141016035031-conversion-gate01/85/Quality-Considerations-in-eLearning-14-320.jpg)
Quality Considerations in eLearning
- 1. Quality Issues in eLearning Greig Krull eLearning and Technology Summit 16 October 2014 Indaba Hotel, Fourways
- 2. Context Defined policies & procedures to ensure quality of traditional courses… Quality assurance often afterthought to convert existing courses for online delivery… eLearning has a perception of being inferior quality to traditional learning Dr Neil Clifton [CC-BY] http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2326197
- 3. Quality Assurance Process Institutional Approval Developer Self-Reflection Peer Review Subject Matter Expert Review Technology Review External Benchmarking
- 4. Quality Criteria Programme Design Student Recruitment and Admission Staffing Teaching and Learning Strategy Assessment Library Services Administrative Services Coordination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 South African Council on Higher Education (2004)
- 5. 1. Programme Design Economics student enrols for course with only one 20 year old textbook and is required download own resources • ICT is appropriate • Include digital resources • Alternative online / offline access Browning [CC-BY-NC] https://www.flickr.com/photos/smichael/4563914649
- 6. 2. Student Recruitment and Admission A Geography student only finds out when she starts the course that she needs a laptop and needs to be online at least an hour a day • Communicate technology requirements up front • Consider cost and access JISC CC-BY-NC-ND http://www.jisc.ac.uk/events
- 7. 3. Staffing A Senior Professor asks the secretary to go online and print out assignments to mark • Shift in mindset • Professional Development • Administrative & support staff • Using technology for teaching
- 8. 4. Teaching & Learning Strategy A student receives all her materials on a flash disk and is told to go study and submit the assignments end of term Image: Vanguard Visions [CC-BY] • Orientation to technology • Technical support • Regular engagement and interaction
- 9. 5. Assessment Accounting students have one online multiple choice test that does not count and a MCQ examination that counts 100% • Online submission, marking & return processes • Variety of e-assessment • Reliability and security • Regular formative assessment • Feedback Qperello [CC-BY] http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertogp123/5843577306/
- 10. 6. Library Services Nursing student needs access to a physical textbook at the library but student is working full time • Access to ICT outside of class times • Wider access to e-resources • Develop information literacy ParentingPatch [CC-BY-SA] http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertogp123/5843577306/
- 11. 7. Administrative When 2000 first year students try to submit their assignments, the LMS crashes • Online Support Services • Robust data systems • Learning Analytics Pimenta [CC-BY-SA] https://www.flickr.com/photos/guspim/2280690094/
- 12. 8. Coordination A first year course enrols 2000 students but only employs 2 tutors • Alignment to organisational strategy • ICT Budget • Online Tutors JuditK [CC-BY-ND] https://www.flickr.com/photos/juditk/8973427921/
- 13. Quality Criteria Programme Design Student Recruitment and Admission Staffing Teaching and Learning Strategy Assessment Library Services Administrative Services Coordination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 South African Council on Higher Education (2004)
- 14. Platforms Content Curation Polls / Quizzes Free / Open Source Collabora-tion Blog & Microblog Multi-media Virtual Meeting Rooms Sharing Social Networks Learning Tools Adapted from: Cavazza, Social Media Landscape [CC-BY-NC-SA]
- 15. ICT Infra-structure & applications Connectivity / Internet Access Course & Materials Develop Change Manage-ment (Open) Licencing of Materials/ Resources Quality Assurance Capacity Building Success Factors In alignment with: Vision / Mission Strategic Plan
- 16. How do you ensure quality in your own courses and materials?
- 17. Thank You! greigk@saide.org.za greigk_za Greig Krull This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
- 18. References • CHE (2014) Distance Higher Education Programmes in a Digital Era: Good Practice Guide • CHE (2004) Criteria for Programme Accreditation • Saide (2014) Course Quality Evaluation Instrument
Editor's Notes
- #3: Image: “Charterhouse campus of St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College” Dr Neil Clifton [CC-BY] http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2326197
- #6: ICT selected is appropriate to student circumstances and needs and teaching methods - Learner profile most important Resources include digital resources and OER Students have alternative online / offline access options
- #7: Technology requirements communicated and verified before admission Responsible advertising of costs of technology
- #8: Capacity building in designing and developing online materials and online course delivery Orientation and professional development Administrative staff for managing backups, internet access etc Tutor to learner ratio Multiple forms of comms: Telephone, email, skype, twitter Not just how to use the technology – but how to use it in teaching.
- #9: Clear what technology is used and how it is used to support teaching and learning Staff and students oriented in how to use the technology Staff and students have access to appropriate technologies Technical support to students in timely manner Image: “Flipped Learning Design in VET” Vanguard Visions [CC-BY] https://www.flickr.com/photos/77018488@N03/9315194075/
- #10: Processes for online submission, marking, data capture & return with feedback Systems to ensure reliability & security of online assessment system Processes/tools to counter plagiarism Formative assessment is important Image: “Exam” Alberto Qperello [CC-BY] http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertogp123/5843577306/
- #11: Access to ICT infrastructure also outside of working hours Access to wider electronic resources (online or CD/Flash) Support to develop information literacy skills to use resources Image: “Shelves of Language Books in Library” ParentingPatch [CC-BY-SA] http://www.flickr.com/photos/albertogp123/5843577306
- #12: Online Support Services e.g. forums, helpdesk Data management systems are robust and secure Track student progress, to identify & support students at-risk & to provide data to inform programme review Image: “ 404 Error”G Pimenta [CC-BY-SA] https://www.flickr.com/photos/guspim/2280690094/
- #13: Require a budget for maintaining and upgrading the appropriate technology Regular review of the strategic and operational plans for use of educational technology to evaluate progress eTutors Image: “iDevices” JuditK [CC-BY-ND] https://www.flickr.com/photos/juditk/8973427921/
- #15: Image: Adapted from: Fred Cavazza, Social Media Landscape [CC-BY-NC-SA] http://www.flickr.com/photos/fredcavazza/2564571564
- #16: Role of ICTs in improving quality, widening access and cutting costs in the teaching function Technology must be seen as a supportive tool The use of technology needs to add value Categories ICT Infrastructure and Applications Connectivity/Internet Access Programme, Course, and Materials Development and Delivery Public Service and External Collaboration Licensing of e-Learning Materials Capacity Building Quality Assurance, Monitoring, and Evaluation Change Management