RT15 Berkeley | Real-time simulation as a prime tool for Cybersecurity - OPAL-RT
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1. Real-time simulation is useful for testing cybersecurity of modern power systems which rely on complex controls and protection systems. 2. Distribution systems are becoming as complex as transmission networks due to renewable energy, power electronics, and wide-area control systems, making security and performance reliant on testing of integrated controls. 3. Cybersecurity risks to power systems include threats like human error or hackers exploiting vulnerabilities in design flaws, system complexity, or testing limitations, which could have consequences like economic losses or equipment damage.
RT15 Berkeley | Real-time simulation as a prime tool for Cybersecurity - OPAL-RT
- 1. 1 Philippe Beauchamp OPAL-RT Technologies philippe.beauchamp@opal-rt.com Real-Time Simulation for Cyber-Security
- 2. 2 Challenges in 1980 Modern and SMART transmission systems rely on control and protection systems For performance, security and economical reasons • Fast machine AVR and PSS • SVC and FACTS • HVDC transmission and interconnections • Fast local protection and automatic systems • wide area special control and protection (SPS) Québec > 1000 km > 1500 km AC/DC SMARTPower system transmission- challenges : optimizing controls, protection, FACTS, HVDC to increase performance and reliability at minimum cost
- 3. 3 Evolution of Integrated Power Systems : from passive to SMART Active distribution systems Passive loads and distribution systems AC/DC, FACTS, SPS Transmission Distribution Distribution are becoming as complex and dependent on control performance as transmission network are. Renewable energy systems (solar, wind, etc) are less preditable Use of power electronics such as HVDCs, FACTS, fast protection system Use of wide area control and protection systems (SPS) Security and performance relies on more complex controls and protection How do you design and test them s an integrated system with the grid
- 4. 4 • Reliability • Security • Efficiency • Eco Friendly
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- 9. 9 Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x Consequence Threat • Human Error • Hacker • Spy • Weather Vulnerability • Design flaw • System failure • Cascading event • System complexity • # of vendors • # of devices • Testing flaws • Cascading events • Aging components Consequence • Reduced system reliability • Economic losses • Equipment losses • Human losses • Sensitive data exposure
- 10. 10 PDC ePHASORsim HYPERSIM eMEGAsim EMT 311 Low Voltage (±5V) 311 120V – 5A Amplifier C37.118 C37.118 Control Prototyping State Estimation C37.118 C37.118 Telecom Simulation 311 IEC 61850 – (SV) IEC 61850 – (GOOSE) Control Commands DNP3, OPC, TCP/IP Virtual Grid config
- 12. 12 311 311 Denial of Service (DOS) PDC Simulated Grid
- 13. 13 Man in the middle (MiM) 311 311 PDC Telecom Simulated Grid
- 14. 14 GPS spoofing (clock screw) 311 311 Simulated Grid 234d 23h54 00s 0000us 234d 23h54 00s 0100us
- 15. 15 GPS spoofing (clock screw) 311 311 Simulated Grid 234d 23h54 00s 0000us 234d 23h54 00s 0100us Simulated GPS Control
- 16. 16 Detection (State estimation) 311 311 • Delays • Noise • Data Losses • Packet Injection PDC State Estimation Validation Custom C-Code Machine Learning HMM Kalman Filters Support vectors Statistics Prbabilities
- 17. 17 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 100 000 …
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- 19. 19 KTH Royal Institute of Technology – WAMPAC Laboratory SEL421 - PMU OP5600 eMEGAsim ABB – Line Distance - PMU Megger V/I Amplifiers SEL3373 - PDC Arbiter Master GPS Subs. Clock GPS Antenna Network Switch Communication Server Opnet, Synchrowave
- 20. 20 • DNP3 • IEC60870-5-104 • IEC61850 • IEC61850-8-1 GOOSE • IEC61850-9-2 SV • Modbus • C37.118
- 21. 21 powerNET ePHASORsim Cyber Security Test Bed at PNNL
- 22. 22 • Smart grid and Wide Area Controls (WACS) testing • PMU «Phase Measurment Unit» • PDC «Phasor Data Concentrator» • SSU «Substation Synchronous Unit» > Local controls & Specific Protection System (SPS) testing • LID, OLD, RPS, SMCT, MB-PSS, Protection relays Smart grid, Wide-Area Control Systems and Specific Protection System
- 23. 23 Real-Time Simulated Grid Up to 20 000 Nodes (Phasor) OPC Client (ETAP Server) 1 Licence OPAL-RT Simulator Suggested PMU/Relays Integration ETAP Clients OPAL-RT OPC Server ePHASORsim
- 24. 24 Microgrid Simulation Combined with OPNET
- 25. 25 What can be learned from automotive industry Hardware in the Loop for over 20 years
- 26. 26 I/O Channels (V and I meas.) PMUs RT-LAB I/O Manager Simulated Telecommunication Ie: OPNET GUI (RTDMS, ETAP, RT-LAB) Wide Area Controller Simulated GRID (HYPERSIM, ePHASORsim, SPS) RT-LAB Next Gen