Scaffolding Thinking Skills HK2
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1. Scaffolding refers to temporary support provided to learners during the learning process, allowing them to complete challenging tasks they couldn't otherwise do alone. 2. The document discusses different types of scaffolding including reception scaffolds to help understanding, transformation scaffolds to guide thinking, and production scaffolds to organize information. 3. It provides examples of scaffolds and recommends assessing places scaffolds could help learners in one's own web-based activities.
Scaffolding Thinking Skills HK2
- 1. Scaffolding Thinking Skills for Primary Students Bernie Dodge, PhD San Diego State University webquest.org/workshops/sts/
- 2. Overview A graphical model for thinking about WebQuests and any constructivist activity Examples of three points at which graphical scaffolding helps A taxonomy of scaffolding types Introduction to a number of useful web sites Practice at adding scaffolding to WebQuests that need them
- 4. The Egyptologist Story Does magic happen when you give children access to an adult expert?
- 5. What is Scaffolding? Scaffolding is a temporary structure which provides help at specific points in the learning process. It allows learners to complete a challenging task which they would not be able to accomplish without help.
- 6. Why Scaffold? Because some learners are being left behind Because you can’t be everywhere at once, so it’s useful to capture some of the help you’d give and make it available for just-in-time learning.
- 7. Four Useful Resources ExploraTree Gliffy Read Write Think Graphic.org
- 9. Traditional Teacher Student Transmission
- 12. Inputs Transformation Outputs Constructivist
- 13. Inputs Transformation Outputs Constructivist Reception Scaffolds
- 14. Inputs Transformation Outputs Constructivist Reception Scaffolds Transformation Scaffolds
- 15. Inputs Transformation Outputs Constructivist Reception Scaffolds Transformation Scaffolds Production Scaffolds
- 16. How Do We Scaffold? by… Providing outlines, guides and templates Guiding thinking through visual and other means
- 17. Key attributes of good scaffolding Available for Just-in-time learning Skippable by those who don’t need it Blends content and structure to an appropriate degree Fades like the Cheshire Cat smile as students become more adept
- 18. Reception Scaffolds Guidance on how to interview an expert Reading guides Dictionaries and glossaries Observation guides
- 19. Reception Scaffold Example Experiencing India’s Caste System provides a glossary because much of the vocabulary will be new to the learners. http://teachers. eusd .k12.ca. us/mguerena/castewebquest/index . htm
- 20. Reception Scaffold Example Experiencing India’s Caste System provides a glossary because much of the vocabulary will be new to the learners.
- 21. Reception Scaffold Example Peyri Hamada provided a visual organizer to help students gather information about the metric system.
- 23. Reception Scaffold Example In the Early Jazz Wax Museum WebQuest, students capture the chronology and musicians. A partly completed timeline would help them organize data as they find it.
- 25. Reception Scaffold Example http://www-ma. beth .k12.pa. us/jhoke/jhwebquest/jhwebquest . htm
- 26. http://www-ma. beth .k12.pa. us/jhoke/jhwebquest/themes . htm
- 27. Back to the Egyptologist Story Does magic happen when you give children access to an adult expert? Some visual scaffolding would have helped!
- 29. Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest For every Input , ask yourself… Do all of my students know how to make sense of this source of information? Inputs
- 30. Practice 1 Finding opportunities to add a reception scaffold
- 32. Transformation Scaffolds Guidance on applying specific transformations
- 33. Transformation Scaffold Example How do the menus of two restaurants differ? Which one is healthier? This calls for a Venn Diagram http: //questgarden .com/63/04/8/080329111217/
- 34. Transformation Scaffold Example Solving a mystery involves building up to a conclusion through a foundation of inferences based on data. This calls for an Inductive Tower!
- 36. ExploraTree http://www. exploratree .org. uk/explore/
- 37. Knowing Tree http://www. exploratree .org. uk/app/ ? document_id=955 & permission_id=template A knowing tree guides the user to construct an thesis based on evidence
- 38. Transformation Scaffold Example http://www-ma. beth .k12.pa. us/jhoke/jhwebquest/jhwebquest . htm
- 39. http://www-ma. beth .k12.pa. us/jhoke/jhwebquest/storymap . htm
- 40. Comparison Matrix http://www.graphic. org/commat .html
- 41. Compare & Contrast This web design WebQuest includes an organizer to support this cognitive activity http: //macserver .independence.k12. ia . us/~rsheets/rjsheets/index . htm
- 42. http: //macserver .independence.k12. ia . us/~rsheets/rjsheets/graphicorg . htm
- 43. Compare & Contrast http://www. exploratree .org. uk/app/ ? document_id=956 & permission_id=template
- 44. PMI http://www. exploratree .org. uk/app/ ? document_id=7864 & permission_id=template PMI scaffolds the decision-making process by noting things that are positive, negative or just interesting
- 45. Reverse Planning http://www. exploratree .org. uk/app/ ? document_id=966 & permission_id=template Start at the desired end result and then figure out how to get there.
- 46. S.C.A.M.P.E.R. http://www. exploratree .org. uk/app/ ? document_id=968 & permission_id=template Generate ideas for improving a product or situation by changing things in various ways.
- 47. Read Write Think http://www. readwritethink .org/
- 48. Venn Diagram http://www. readwritethink . org/materials/venn/
- 49. Production Scaffolds Guidance on organizing information in particular formats Prompted writing templates Multimedia templates
- 50. Production Scaffold Example http://home. austin . rr .com/anamc/ScottBoys/Scottsboro10th.html This WebQuest contains a prompted writing guide to help students prepare their closing arguments.
- 51. Production Scaffold Example http://home. austin . rr . com/anamc/ScottBoys/ScottAessay .doc
- 52. Production Scaffold Example Pinoy Pride asks students to create a short play about one of several stages in Filipino history. Providing a diagram of the structure of a play would give the authors a place to compose their outline.
- 53. Drama Map http://www. readwritethink . org/student_mat/student_material .asp?id=12
- 54. Letter Generator http://www. readwritethink . org/student_mat/student_material .asp?id=5
- 55. Persuasion Map http://www. readwritethink . org/student_mat/student_material .asp?id=34
- 56. Practice 2 Finding opportunities to add a transformation or production scaffold
- 57. Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest For every Input , ask yourself… Do all of my students know how to make sense of this source of information? Inputs
- 58. Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest For every Transformation , ask yourself… Do all of my students know how to manipulate information in this way?
- 59. Scaffolding Your Own WebQuest For every Output , ask yourself… Do all of my students know how to produce information in this format? Outputs
- 61. Inputs Transformation Outputs Constructivist Reception Scaffolds Transformation Scaffolds Production Scaffolds
- 62. Where Do Scaffolds Go? PROCESS 1. Sfk fjdkjf slkjf slkjf s jdfjkdfjlskjf slkjf 2. Gjks gjgls hhslkje sjdk a ghj dh 3. A ngk l wulejk a fkd lkj s fjigl 4. Sjfkll su sljna nms f alkd ffhja 5. Sjf a kj a lblkijb jjkkla bjk
- 63. Degrees of Scaffolding There’s an appropriate balance point. It depends on your learners. Spoon Feeding Sink or Swim
- 64. Degrees of Scaffolding Don’t scaffold everything… there isn’t time. Pick the 20% that solves 80% of your problems. 20% 80%
- 65. Degrees of Scaffolding Encourage those who can skip or go beyond the scaffolds to do so. If all student products look the same, something’s wrong.
- 66. Degrees of Scaffolding Over time, as your learners internalize the structures and skills you want them to have, scaffold less.
- 67. Four Useful Resources ExploraTree Read Write Think Gliffy Graphic.org
- 68. Gliffy http://www. gliffy .com
- 70. Scaffolding Thinking Skills for Primary Students Bernie Dodge, PhD San Diego State University webquest.org/workshops/sts/
Editor's Notes
- #2: Primary School Teacher Workshop - May 6 Title: Scaffolding Thinking Skills for Primary Students Description: This workshop covers the use of graphical organizers and other tools to help young learners practice and internalize higher level thinking skills while using web-based information. Such organizers can be integrated into any lesson that requires analysis, creativity, problem-solving, decision-making or synthesis. By placing graphic organizers appropriately within the flow of a lesson, students can be guided to think at a level that is more advanced than they would have done on their own. With repeated practice over many lessons, their thinking will incorporate these structures and make them better thinkers when new situations come their way. Among the organizer types to be discussed: PMI charts and decision-trees to scaffold decision-making; semantic feature charts to aid analytical thinking; cause-and-effect diagrams to aid understanding of complex systems. Examples of the use of these organizers within WebQuests will be shown.