Scheduling
- 1. (Dr. M K Manik) HOD.mechccetb@gmail.com
- 2. What is Production structure tree Or Bill of materials (BOM) It is a hierarchical Classification of a product A bill of materials (BOM) is a critical product information record That lists the Raw materials Assemblies Components Parts and The quantities of each needed to manufacture
- 3. Product structure tree defines the systematic sub assemblies/Components that requires to assemble a product
- 5. What are the Types of Scheduling? Forward scheduling is planning the tasks from the date resources become available to determine the shipping date or the due date. Backward scheduling is planning the tasks from the due date or delivery date to determine the start date and/or any changes in capacity What is the function of production, planning and Control (PPC)? This functions of PPC are as follows: Efficient utilization of material resources, people and facilities in any undertaking through planning Coordinating and controlling the production activities that transform the raw material into finished products or components as a most optimal
- 8. What is the principle of Material-handling? There are three basic principles of material handling as given below: Gravity principle: Utilize gravity to move a material wherever practicable it will generate low cost. Material flow principle: Plan an operation sequence and equipment arrangement to optimize material flow. Simplification principle: Reduce combine or
- 9. What do you mean by aggregate planning Aggregate planning: is the process of developing, analyzing, and maintaining a preliminary, approximate schedule of the overall operations of an organization. The aggregate plan generally contains: Targeted sales forecasts, Production levels, Inventory levels, And customer backlogs. Generally speaking, aggregate planning is connected to the budgeting process. Finally, aggregate planning is important because it can help synchronize flow throughout the supply chain; It affects costs, equipment utilization, employment levels,
- 10. Difference between aggregate planning and Master scheduling
- 12. . So, if I make a pen, It has a cap, A barrel, A spring. And a refill. Based on the definition above, the pen is an MPS item. The cap, barrel, spring and refill are MRP items.
- 14. Problem1. using Jonson’s sequencing algorithm, solve n-jobs× 2 machine problem with reference to table below Job J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 Machine-1(hrs) 7 4 3 5 2 Machine-2 (hrs) 6 2 8 9 1 i)Calculate total elapsed time ii)Idle time for machine two iii)Optimal sequence J3 J4 J1 J2 J5 Here the processing time are given as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hrs in the different jobs worked in different machines As per Jonson's rule lowest possible time is only 1 Hour and highest possible process time is 8 hrs To find out the optimal sequence time for processing all the jobs as follows:
- 16. As job are scheduled as per follows but now it is the time to find out the machining time to processJob J3 J4 J1 J2 J5 Machine-1(hrs) 3 5 7 4 2 Machine-2 (hrs) 8 9 6 2 1 Machining will be starting with J3 whose process time is 3 hrs in M1 and 8 hrs in M2 •Workshop open and same time operator of M1 and M2 arrived, the operators of machine M2 Will be seating idle till 1st job of machine M1 is not processed, They will start the job when M1 complete the 1st job. •After completing the 1st job M1 will take 2nd job i.e. J4 just after three hours, though they will complete the job after 8 hrs but M2 personal till they will be busy with 1st job of J1 ,after completing that job at 11 hrs they will catch the 2nd Job J4 and similarly all the job will be processed till the Job J5 is not processed.
- 17. Problem2. using Jonson’s sequencing algorithm, solve n-jobs× 2 machine problem with reference to table below Job J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 Machine-1(hrs) 3 8 7 5 4 Machine-2 (hrs) 4 5 1 2 3 Machine-3 (hrs) 7 9 5 6 10 Solution: Johnson condition 1)Minimum processing time of extreme row ≥ Max. processing time of middle row 2)Here minimum process time of extremes row are 3 or 5 And Max. processing time of middle row 5 Hence 3 or 5 ≥ 5 then the condition is satisfied 3) Then above three machines scheduled to be converted into two machine scheduled as per process. i)Calculate total elapsed time ii)Idle time for machine Two, Three iii)Optimal sequence
- 18. As per the rule lowest processing time in M1 will be scheduled first and the lowest time in M2 will scheduled at the end of the processing. Hence the above jobs will be scheduled as per As J4 job is to be processed 1st , Hence processing of all the job will be as per given below Jo b M1 (In ) M1(out) M2(In ) M2(out) M3(In ) M3(out) Remarks J4 00 0+5=5 5 5+2 =7 7 7+6=13 M2 idle for initial 5 hrs & M3 idle for initial 7 hrs J1 5 5+3=8 8 8+4=12 13 13+7=20 M2 idle for initial 8-7=1hrs J5 8 8+4=12 12 12+3=1 5 20 20+10=3 0 J2 12 12+8=2 0 20 20+5=2 5 30 30+9=39 M2 idle for (20-15= 5 hrs) J3 20 20+7=2 7 27 27+1=2 8 39 39+5=44 M1 machine idle for(44-27) 17Hrs & M2 for 27-25=2 HrsTotal elapsed time is 44 hrs, M1 for 17 hrs, M2 for 13 hrs and M3 for 7 hrs were idle in
- 20. Solution: Four Jobs 1,2,3&4 are to be processed in each of the four machines such as a, b ,c and d in the order given below Process time is given in Hrs. Find minimum elapsed time for processing all the Jobs and idle time for the machines.JOB Ma Mb Mc Md 1 54 14 14 18 2 30 10 18 32 3 28 12 16 44 4 14 16 12 42 Solution: Johnson condition 1)Minimum processing time of extreme column ≥ Max. processing time of middle column. 2) Here minimum process time of extremes column are 14 or18 And Max. processing time of middle column 18 Hence 14 or18 ≥ 18 then the condition is satisfied 3) Then four machine scheduled to be converted into two machine scheduled as per process.
- 22. Flow process Chart The Flow process Chart is a simple half-text, half-picture used for showing the steps in a process, Using symbols to indicate the type of action being taken and text to give details of the action. The chart can selectively be used to show what happens to selected people, materials or equipment.
- 25. Bar chart or bar graph A bar chart or bar graph is a Chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a line graph.
- 27. Gantt chart A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. This chart lists the tasks to be performed on the vertical axis, and time intervals on the horizontal axis. The width of the horizontal bars in the graph shows the duration of each activity
- 29. Material-handling equipment. Material handling equipment is mechanical equipment used for: The movement, Storage, Control and protection of materials, Goods and products to be shifted for the process of manufacturing, Distribution, Consumption and disposal.
- 30. Vertical screw Automatic Robotic Palletizing System Static/ Co robotic operation
- 31. 4 Types of Materials Handling Equipment Examples of storage and handling equipment include: • Racks: such as pallet racks, drive-through or drive-in racks, push-back racks, and sliding racks • Stacking frames: these are interlocking units that enable stacking of a load so crushing doesn’t occur • Shelves • Bins and drawers • Mezzanines: elevated floor systems that are installed between the production floor and ceiling in order to provide additional storage space Engineered Systems •AS/RS: Automated Storage and Retrieval that involves racks, aisles and shelves that are accessible by a type of mechanized shuttle system for the quick retrieval of items. • Conveyor systems: Automated conveyor systems carry heavy materials to specified destinations using belts, flexible chain. It is a highly efficient equipment to move large volumes of material quickly. • Robotic delivery systems– These automated systems are ideal for moving products on an assembly line or transporting goods throughout a plant or
- 32. Conveyer system motion contro automatic storage and retrieval systems Automated guided vehicle
- 33. Industrial Trucks Powered industrial trucks, such as forklifts, are used to move large materials or large quantities of materials around the manufacturing floor. • Hand trucks– Also known as a dolly, or box cart. Hand trucks are l-shaped box-moving handcarts with handles at one end, wheels at the base, and a ledge to set objects on. • Pallet jacks– These are tools are the most basic form of a forklift and used to lift and move pallets within a warehouse. • Pallet trucks– Manual operated or powered industrial forklifts. • Walkie stackers– A pedestrian walk-behind stacker with a mast for lifting pallets to heights. • Platform trucks– These are similar to a two wheeled dolly, but with an extended deck. • Order picker– An electric lift truck specifically designed for filling individual customer orders. This requires piece-part picking rather than selecting full pallets or unit loads. • Side loader– Automated tool similar to a fork lift that loads and unloads from the side of the machine rather than the front. • Automatic guided vehicles
- 34. Bulk Material Handling Equipment Equipment that deals with bulk handling aids in the control and transportation of large volumes of material either in bulk or loose form. In general the equipment is used to move loose parts from one area of the production floor to another. Examples of bulk material handling equipment are: • Conveyor belts • Stackers– Similar to forklifts, stackers help to lift and stack heavy loads on the dock or in the warehouse. • Reclaimers– These are large machines used to recover bulk materials from a stockpile. • Bucket elevators– Also known as a grain leg. These elevators haul flow able bulk materials vertically. • Grain elevators– This type of equipment is used to store and move grain and other similar materials throughout a production pathway. • Hoppers– Hoppers are a container for bulk material such as grain, that tapers and discharges it’s materials at the bottom. • Silos– A tower used to store grain and other materials such as coal, sawdust, woodchips, and food products.
- 36. What are the factors are to be taken into account while selecting the material handling equipment? Properties of the Material. Layout and Characteristic of the building. Production Flow. Cost Considerations. Nature of Operations. Engineering Factors. Equipment reliability.
- 37. Thank youTo all