Skeletal system
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The skeletal system has 5 main functions: 1) movement by providing attachment points for muscles, 2) support through structures like the backbone, 3) protection of vital organs, 4) formation of blood cells in bone marrow, and 5) storage of minerals. The skeletal system consists of the axial skeleton including the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum, and the appendicular skeleton of the shoulders, arms, hips and legs. Bones come in four basic shapes and have a layered structure consisting of periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow. Common skeletal problems include fractures, dislocations, sprains, arthritis, scoliosis, and osteoporosis.
Skeletal system
- 1. Skeletal SystemSkeletal System Health EducationHealth Education
- 2. 5 Functions of the Skeletal5 Functions of the Skeletal SystemSystem 1. Movement:1. Movement: SkeletalSkeletal system provides points ofsystem provides points of attachment for muscles.attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms moveYour legs and arms move when the muscles pull onwhen the muscles pull on the bones.the bones. 2. Support:2. Support: The backboneThe backbone is the main supportis the main support center for the uppercenter for the upper body.body. It holds your headIt holds your head up and protects yourup and protects your spinal cord.spinal cord. Muscle attached to bones!!Muscle attached to bones!!
- 3. 3.3. Protection:Protection: The bones ofThe bones of your skull protect youryour skull protect your brain. Your ribs protectbrain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heartyour lungs and heart from injury.from injury. 4.4. Makes Blood:Makes Blood: Red andRed and white blood cells arewhite blood cells are formed by tissue calledformed by tissue called marrow,marrow, which is in thewhich is in the center of the bone.center of the bone.
- 4. ► 5. Storage:5. Storage: BonesBones store mineralsstore minerals, such, such as calcium andas calcium and phosphorus, for usephosphorus, for use by the bodyby the body
- 5. Two Major Skeletal System PartsTwo Major Skeletal System Parts ► Axial Skeleton:Axial Skeleton: The axialThe axial skeleton includes theskeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs andskull, spine, ribs and sternum.sternum. ► Appendicular Skeleton:Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicularThe appendicular skeleton includesskeleton includes thethe appendages of the body,appendages of the body, which are the shoulders,which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.arms, hips, and legs.
- 6. Skeletal System BonesSkeletal System Bones ►Four basic bone shapesFour basic bone shapes 1. Long- arms, legs and fingers1. Long- arms, legs and fingers 2. Short- wrist and ankles2. Short- wrist and ankles 3. Flat- skull and sternum3. Flat- skull and sternum 4. Irregular- spine4. Irregular- spine
- 7. Bone StructureBone Structure ► Typical Four Layers:Typical Four Layers: Periosteum:Periosteum: CoversCovers BonesBones Compact Bone:Compact Bone: LiesLies beneath thebeneath the periosteumperiosteum Spongy Bone:Spongy Bone: LiesLies beneath the compactbeneath the compact bonebone Bone Marrow:Bone Marrow: Fills theFills the gaps between thegaps between the spongy bonespongy bone
- 8. Bones of the CraniumBones of the Cranium ► Some are thickerSome are thicker than others!!!than others!!!
- 9. Cranium BonesCranium Bones Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Temporal Bone Parietal Bone Parietal Bone
- 10. Maxilla and MandibleMaxilla and Mandible Maxilla Mandible ?
- 11. Clavicle or CollarboneClavicle or Collarbone ► TheThe clavicleclavicle, or collar, or collar bone,bone, holds theholds the shoulder joint awayshoulder joint away from the rest of thefrom the rest of the upper bodyupper body and is onlyand is only as thick as your littleas thick as your little finger.finger.
- 12. ScapulaScapula ► TheThe scapulascapula isis located on the backlocated on the back side of the ribcage andside of the ribcage and helps provide part ofhelps provide part of the shoulder joint andthe shoulder joint and movement for themovement for the arms.arms.
- 13. Vertebral Column or Spinal CordVertebral Column or Spinal Cord 1) The1) The cervical regioncervical region (neck(neck bones) bones) 2) The2) The thorasic regionthorasic region (what the(what the ribs attach to)ribs attach to) 3) The3) The lumbar regionlumbar region (the lower(the lower part of the back)part of the back)
- 14. Coccyx and SacrumCoccyx and Sacrum
- 15. Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
- 16. Radius and UlnaRadius and Ulna ►Radius on TopRadius on Top ►Ulna on BottomUlna on Bottom
- 17. Carpals or (Wrist Bones)Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
- 18. Metacarpals (Top of Hands)Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
- 19. Phalanges (Little Fingers)Phalanges (Little Fingers)
- 20. Rib CageRib Cage
- 22. Pelvis (Dancing Bone)Pelvis (Dancing Bone)
- 23. FemurFemur (Largest Bone in the Body)(Largest Bone in the Body)
- 24. The Tibia and FibulaThe Tibia and Fibula
- 25. TarsalsTarsals
- 29. Joints of the BodyJoints of the Body ► Ball and SocketBall and Socket Joint:Joint: Round end ofRound end of bone fitting snugglybone fitting snuggly within another bonewithin another bone.. Ex. Shoulder and HipEx. Shoulder and Hip
- 30. ► Hinge Joint:Hinge Joint: Movement at joint inMovement at joint in one directionone direction like alike a door.door. Ex. Knee and ElbowEx. Knee and Elbow
- 31. ► Pivot Joint:Pivot Joint: BoneBone resting atop anotherresting atop another bone permitting freebone permitting free movement.movement. Ex. Neck, Wrist andEx. Neck, Wrist and AnklesAnkles
- 32. ► Fixed Immovable:Fixed Immovable: Joint does not moveJoint does not move Ex. SkullEx. Skull ► Gliding Joint:Gliding Joint: BonesBones slipping over otherslipping over other bones with a freebones with a free flowing movement.flowing movement. Ex. KnucklesEx. Knuckles
- 33. The Connectors of the BodyThe Connectors of the Body ► Ligaments:Ligaments: ConnectConnect bone to bonebone to bone
- 34. ►Tendon:Tendon: Attaches muscles to bonesAttaches muscles to bones
- 35. ►Cartilage: It acts as aCartilage: It acts as a cushion betweencushion between bones at a jointbones at a joint and protects the bones.and protects the bones.
- 36. Problems of the Skeletal SystemProblems of the Skeletal System ► Fracture:Fracture: BreakBreak ► Dislocation:Dislocation: Out ofOut of jointjoint
- 37. ► Sprain:Sprain: Swelling inSwelling in the jointthe joint ► Arthritis:Arthritis: InflamedInflamed and stiff jointsand stiff joints
- 38. ► Scoliosis:Scoliosis: CurvatureCurvature of the spineof the spine ► Osteoporosis:Osteoporosis: BrittleBrittle bonesbones