Smart grid
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This document discusses smart grids, which use digital technology and automation to gather and act on information about electricity use in order to make the delivery of electricity more efficient, reliable and sustainable. It describes how smart grids evolved from traditional power grids to incorporate more advanced communication technologies. Some key features of smart grids are reliability, flexibility, efficiency, sustainability and enabling energy markets. Smart grids allow more renewable energy sources and demand response by consumers. While they provide advantages like improved efficiency and reliability, smart grids also face challenges implementing new technologies and raising privacy and security concerns.
Smart grid
- 1. Smart grid By Priyankar Misra 1101301049
- 2. Introduction • A modernized electrical grid- analog or digital-gather or act on information-in an automated fashion • It also implies-a fundamental re engineering of electricity services industry
- 4. History • First ac power grid system established in 1886 • In the 20th century-local grids grew up and there were interconnections for economic and reliability reasons • In 1970’s and 1980’s demand grew up- during peak hours supply could not cope with demand-finally smart grid grew up
- 5. Modernization opportunities • From 21st century-improvements in electronic communication technology-resolve limitations and costs of electrical supply • Renewable sources of energy contributed-terrorist attacks in some countries- need for a more robust and less centralized energy grid
- 6. Origin of smart grid • Application of digital processing and communication to power grid • Improvement of infrastructure, addition of digital layer, business process transformation
- 7. Features of smart grid • Reliability • Flexibility in network topology • Efficiency • Sustainability • Market enabling
- 9. Reliability • Makes use of technologies like state estimation-improves fault clearance and has self healing property • Domino effect may be caused due to excess load-rolling blackout or brownout is used to prevent it
- 10. Flexibility in network topology • Next generation transmission and distribution system- handle bidirectional energy flows-allowing distributed generation • Classic grids designed for one way power flow-reversed flow generates reliability and safety issues
- 11. Efficiency • Numerous contributions to overall improvement of efficiency • Overall effect- less redundancy in transmission and distribution lines and greater utilization of generators leading to less power loss
- 12. Load adjustment • Total load connected to the power grid varies over time. • Traditionally-faster than the startup time of a large generator some spare generators are put into a dissipative standby mode • Smart grid may warn a large customer to reduce the load temporarily or continuously, using mathematical algorithm it is possible to predict the number of standby generators needed
- 13. Peak curtailment and time of use pricing • Communications and metering technologies inform smart grid where energy demand is high and by how much, also it helps company to ask them to reduce load-called peak leveling or peak curtailment • Price of electricity changes depending on the consumption
- 14. Sustainability • Improved flexibility allows greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources • Rapid fluctuations in distributed generation-significant challenges to power engineers-need to ensure stable power limits- varying the output of controllable generators
- 15. Market enabling • Allows systematic communication between consumers and suppliers • Critical loads will need to pay the peak energy prices • Overall effect is energy efficiency and energy consumption is sensitive to time varying limitations of supply
- 16. Demand response support • It allows generators and loads to interact in an automated fashion, coordinating demand to flatten spikes • Currently the total amount of power demand has a very wide range of probability distribution requiring some spare generating plants in standby mode
- 17. Platform for advanced services • Use of robust two way communications, advanced sensors and distributed computing technology-improve efficiency , reliability and safety of power delivery and use • Opens up potential for entirely new services on existing ones like fire monitoring and alarms that can shut up power
- 18. Technologies of smart grid • Integrated communications • Sensing and measurement • Smart meters • Phasor measurement units • Advanced components • Advanced control • Improved interfaces and decision support • Smart power generation
- 20. Research • Major programs-Intelligrid, Grid 2030, modern grid initiative, gridwise, gridwise architecture council, gridworks
- 21. Opposition and concerns • Consumer concern over privacy • Social concerns over fair availability of power • Concern that complex rate system remove accountability and clarity, allowing the supplier to take advantage of the consumer • Concern over remotely controllable ”kill switch” available in smart meters . • Social concerns over “eron“ style abuses of information level
- 22. Advantages of smart grid • Information provided by smart grid-life cycle of power generation, transmission equipment, schedule preventing maintence on time, determine future requirements • Use of robust two way technology, advanced sensors and distributed computing technology improves all round efficiency, reliability and safety of energy transmission and use
- 23. Disadvantages of smart grid • High level of static current in communication channels • Filters to solve high level of noises and EMC
- 24. Conclusion • In 21st century if India wants to emerge as super power-energy efficiency and energy conservation with IT infrastructure is required to be implemented. • Smart grid –can drive India an inch closer to developed nation and achieve energy security
- 25. Thank you