SPS intro

USES OF SPSS PACKAGE
FOR DATA ANALYSIS
P R E S E N T E D B Y
M ANO J PAT EL
A S S T. P R O F E S S O R
JHUNJHUNWALA BUSINESS SCHOOL

OBJECT OF THE COURSE
About the four-windows in SPSS
The basics of managing data files
The basic analysis in SPSS

INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS
SPSS?
Originally it is an acronym of Statistical
Package for the Social Science but now
it stands for Statistical Product and
Service Solutions
One of the most popular statistical
packages which can perform highly
complex data manipulation and
analysis with simple instructions

THE FOUR WINDOWS:
DATA EDITOR
OUTPUT VIEWER
SYNTAX EDITOR
SCRIPT WINDOW

THE FOUR WINDOWS: DATA
EDITOR
Data Editor
Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering,
editing, and displaying data. Extension of the saved
file will be “sav.”

THE FOUR WINDOWS: OUTPUT
VIEWER
Output Viewer
Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved
file will be “spv.”

THE FOUR WINDOWS: SYNTAX
EDITOR
Syntax Editor
Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the
saved file will be “sps.”

THE FOUR WINDOWS: SCRIPT
WINDOW
Script Window
Provides the opportunity to write full-blown
programs, in a BASIC-like language. Text editor
for syntax composition. Extension of the saved
file will be “sbs.”

THE BASICS OF MANAGING DATA
FILES

OPENING SPSS
Start → All Programs → SPSS Inc→ SPSS 16.0 →
SPSS 16.0

OPENING SPSS
The default window will have the data editor
There are two sheets in the window:
1. Data view 2. Variable view

DATA VIEW WINDOW
The Data View window
This sheet is visible when you first open the Data
Editor and this sheet contains the data
Click on the tab labeled Variable View
Click

VARIABLE VIEW WINDOW
This sheet contains information about the data set that is
stored with the dataset
Name
 The first character of the variable name must be alphabetic
 Variable names must be unique, and have to be less than 64 characters.
 Spaces are NOT allowed.

VARIABLE VIEW WINDOW:
TYPE
Type
 Click on the „type‟ box. The two basic types of variables that
you will use are numeric and string. This column enables you
to specify the type of variable.

WIDTH
Width
Width allows you to determine the number of
characters SPSS will allow to be entered for the
variable

DECIMALS
Decimals
Number of decimals
It has to be less than or equal to 16
3.14159265

VARIABLE VIEW WINDOW: LABEL
Label
You can specify the details of the variable
You can write characters with spaces up to 256
characters

VARIABLE VIEW WINDOW: VALUES
Values
This is used and to suggest which numbers
represent which categories when the variable
represents a category

DEFINING THE VALUE
LABELS
Click the cell in the values column as shown below
For the value, and the label, you can put up to 60
characters.
After defining the values click add and then click OK.
Click

PRACTICE 1
How would you put the following information into
SPSS?
Value = 1 represents Male and Value = 2 represents Female
Name Gender Height
JAUNITA 2 5.4
SALLY 2 5.3
DONNA 2 5.6
SABRINA 2 5.7
JOHN 1 5.7
MARK 1 6
ERIC 1 6.4
BRUCE 1 5.9

PRACTICE 1 (SOLUTION
SAMPLE)
Click

SAVING THE DATA
To save the data file you created simply click „file‟ and
click „save as.‟ You can save the file in different
forms by clicking “Save as type.”
Click

SORTING THE DATA
Click „Data‟ and then click Sort Cases

SORTING THE DATA (CONT‟D)
Double Click „Name of the students.‟ Then click
ok.
Click
Click

PRACTICE 2
How would you sort the data by the
„Height‟ of students in descending
order?
Answer
Click data, sort cases, double click „height of
students,‟ click „descending,‟ and finally click ok.

TRANSFORMING DATA
Click „Transform‟ and then click „Compute Variable…‟

TRANSFORMING DATA (CONT‟D)
Example: Adding a new variable named „lnheight‟ which
is the natural log of height
 Type in lnheight in the „Target Variable‟ box. Then type in
„ln(height)‟ in the „Numeric Expression‟ box. Click OK
Click

TRANSFORMING DATA (CONT‟D)
A new variable „lnheight‟ is added to the table

PRACTICE 3
Create a new variable named “sqrtheight”
which is the square root of height.
Answer

THE BASIC ANALYSIS OF SPSS THAT
WILL BE INTRODUCED IN THIS CLASS
Frequencies
This analysis produces frequency tables showing
frequency counts and percentages of the values of
individual variables.
Descriptives
This analysis shows the maximum, minimum, mean,
and standard deviation of the variables
Linear regression analysis
Linear Regression estimates the coefficients of the
linear equation

OPENING THE SAMPLE
DATA
Open „Employee data.sav‟ from the SPSS
 Go to “File,” “Open,” and Click Data

OPENING THE SAMPLE DATA
Go to Program Files,” “SPSSInc,” “SPSS16,” and
“Samples” folder.
Open “Employee Data.sav” file

FREQUENCIES
Click „Analyze,‟ „Descriptive statistics,‟ then
click „Frequencies‟

FREQUENCIES
Click gender and put it into the variable box.
Click „Charts.‟
Then click „Bar charts‟ and click „Continue.‟
Click Click

FREQUENCIES
Finally Click OK in the Frequencies box.
Click

USING THE SYNTAX EDITOR
click „Frequencies.‟
Put „Gender‟ in the Variable(s) box.
Then click „Charts,‟ „Bar charts,‟ and click
„Continue.‟
Click „Paste.‟
Click

USING THE SYNTAX EDITOR
Highlight the commands in the Syntax editor
and then click the run icon.
You can do the same thing by right clicking
the highlighted area and then by clicking
„Run Current‟
Click
Right
Click!

PRACTICE 4
Do a frequency analysis on the
variable “minority”
Create pie charts for it
Do the same analysis using the
syntax editor

DESCRIPTIVES
click „Descriptives…‟
Click „Educational level‟ and „Beginning
Salary,‟ and put it into the variable box.
Click Options
Click

DESCRIPTIVES
The options allows you to analyze other
descriptive statistics besides the mean and
Std.
Click „variance‟ and „kurtosis‟
Finally click „Continue‟
Click
Click

DESCRIPTIVES
Finally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You
will be able to see the result of the analysis.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Click „Analyze,‟ „Regression,‟ then click
„Linear‟ from the main menu.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS
For example let‟s analyze the model
Put „Beginning Salary‟ as Dependent and „Educational Level‟ as
Independent.
  edusalbegin 10
Click
Click

REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Clicking OK gives the result

PLOTTING THE
REGRESSION LINE
Click „Graphs,‟ „Legacy Dialogs,‟
„Interactive,‟ and „Scatterplot‟ from the
main menu.

PLOTTING THE
REGRESSION LINE
Drag „Current Salary‟ into the vertical axis box
and „Beginning Salary‟ in the horizontal axis
box.
Click „Fit‟ bar. Make sure the Method is
regression in the Fit box. Then click „OK‟.
Click
Set this to
Regression!

PRACTICE 5
Find out whether or not the previous experience of workers has any affect
on their beginning salary?
 Take the variable “salbegin,” and “prevexp” as dependent and independent
variables respectively.
Plot the regression line for the above analysis using the “scatter plot” menu.

Click on the “fit” tab to make
sure the method is regression

CONCLUSION
SPSS for windows is a computer package that will perform a wide variety of statistical
procedures.
Data management and analysis can be handled well with SPSS.
Using SPSS we can manipulate data, make graphs and perform statistical techniques
varying from means to regression.

.
http://en.allexperts.com/q/Management-Consulting-2802
http://www.icmrindia.org
Harvard Business Review - April 2009
www.coolavenue.com
www2.advisorworks.com. February 28, 2000.
Baylogic. "Net History and Statistics." www.baylogic.com. February 28,
2000.
Berners-Lee, Tim. (1996) "Passing up Fortune-Building 'To Do the
Revolution Right'." Investor's Business Daily 13(43)(June 7):1-2.
Reidelbach, Dorothy. (1996 Planning for Higher Education24 (Spring):1-
6.
Ricart, Glenn. (2000). "Unofficial Technology Marvel of the
Millennium." Educause ReviewJanuary/February: 38-59.
REFERENCES

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