Stratages and methods in english lesson
- 1. STRATAGES AND METHODS IN ENGLISH An experienced professional language teacher always adopts the Principled Eclecticism approach, deciding on the most suitable techniques and applying the most appropriate methodology for that learner’s specific objectives, learning style and context. Each teaching method is based on a particular vision of understanding the language or the learning process, often using specific techniques and materials used in a set sequence. Grammar Translation: Written literary texts. Translate from English into your native language Direct Method (also called Natural Method): Everyday spoken language. Student learns by associating meaning directly in English Audio-Lingual Method: Sentence and sound patterns. Listening and speaking drills and pattern practice only in English Cognitive Code Approach: Grammar rules. English grammar rules deduced and then understood in context Humanistic Approaches : -Community Language Learning- Student interaction. Understanding of English through active student interaction. - Comprehension Approach (Natural Approach, the Learnables, and Total Physical Response) Listening comprehension: English speaking delayed until students are ready; meaning clarified through actions and visuals Communicative Language Teaching: Interaction, authentic communication and negotiating meaning Understanding of English through active student interaction; role play, games, information gaps
- 2. Modern Teaching Methods This means choosing the techniques and activities that are appropriate for each particular task, context and learner, with a focus on motivation and helping learners become independent and inspired to learn more. Direct Method: in this method the teaching is done entirely in the target language. The learner is not allowed to use his or her mother tongue. Grammar rules are avoided and there is emphasis on good pronunciation. Grammar-translation: learning is largely by translation to and from the target language. Grammar rules are to be memorized and long lists of vocabulary learned by heart. There is little or no emphasis placed on developing oral ability. Audio-lingual: the theory behind this method is that learning a language means acquiring habits. There is much practice of dialogues of every situations. New language is first heard and extensively drilled before being seen in its written form. The structural approach: this method sees language as a complex of grammatical rules which are to be learned one at a time in a set order. So for example the verb "to be" is introduced and practised before the present continuous tense which uses "to be" as an auxiliary. Communicative language teaching (CLT): the focus of this method is to enable the learner to communicate effectively and appropriately in the various situations she would be likely to find herself in. The content of CLT courses are functions such as inviting, suggesting, complaining or notions such as the expression of time, quantity, location. Community Language Learning In this method attempts are made to build strong personal links between the teacher and student so that there are no blocks to learning. There is much talk in the mother tongue which is translated by the teacher for repetition by the student. Task-based language learning
- 3. The focus of the teaching is on the completion of a task which in itself is interesting to the learners. Learners use the language they already have to complete the task and there is little correction of errors. (The tasks are subsumed in a major topic that is studied for a number of weeks. In the topic of ecology, for example, students are engaged in a number of tasks culminating in a poster presentation to the rest of the class. The tasks include reading, searching the internet, listening to taped material, selecting important vocabulary to teach other students etc.) The Natural Approach This approach, propounded by Professor S. Krashen, stresses the similarities between learning the first and second languages. There is no correction of mistakes. Learning takes place by the students being exposed to language that is comprehensible or made comprehensible to them. Textbooks: Legasy,Express Publishing