Study on flexural behaviour of Self compacting concrete using alccofine

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Study on flexural behaviour of Self compacting concrete using alccofine
Sheethal Sasikumar1, Anima P.2
1
M.Tech student, Structural Engineering, universal Engineering college, Thrissur, Kerala
2
Associate professor, Civil Department, universal Engineering college, Thrissur ,Kerala
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Abstract - In the present day, much research is being done
globally to identify a viable cementitious material to take
the role of cement. For the purpose of partiallyorcompletely
substituting cement in concrete, many materials are tested
in this order: fly ash, silica fume, GGBS, Metakaolin , Micro
materials, Quartz powder, etc. Inthispaper, anovelultrafine
material named Alccofine and cement made with biobased
materials might have lower CO2 emissions. Recently, it has
been known as alccofine, is an efficient partial replacement
for cement. Here, cement is partially replaced in self-
compacting concrete by substituting 10% of alccofine The
optimum percentage of alccofine content is considered for
the research. Fresh and hardenedproperties ofSCCandself-
compactingconcrete (SCC)wereinvestigatedforthemixand
controlone. The results showed that all tested properties
have similar results of conventional SCC for alccofine. %.
Where, slump flow diameter (SFD), compressive strengths
and split tensile strength for alccofine were 550 mm,
38.66MPa and 3.6 MPa respectivelyachievedat35%ratioof
WS. Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beam using
this alccofine is studied and compared with conventional
SCC beam. Hence obtained similar results of conventional
SCC.
Key Words: Alccofine, mineral admixture, Flexural
strength.
1.INTRODUCTION
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a cutting-edge method
that was developed to take the place of conventional
vibrated concrete (CVC). In CVC, external vibration is
necessary, and reinforcements that are crowded require
extra care. It causes lapsed time and an inadequatesurface
polish. A thorough examination into the cause and effects
of concrete degradation is necessary before placing
concrete in different locations. Serious durability issues
arise in places like the marine environment, underground,
etc. due to carbonation, sulphate, acid, and chlorideattack.
These limitations can be eliminated with the use of SCC,
which also has various benefits, including quick concrete
placement, homogeneity, removal of vibrating equipment,
reduced noise, fewer air spaces, shortened time,
higherproductivity, and enhanced strength anddurability.
The amount of powder content and the particle size are
important aspects of SCC. Costs of production would riseif
SCC contained more cement. Considering rapidly
expanding industries, many researchers have proposed
alternativesupplemental cementitiousmaterials(SCMs)or
mineral admixtures to attain higher economic value.
Alccofine1203 is a high range water reducer that helps
concrete work more easily and have greater compressive
strength. Biochar is widely considered as effective way of
sequestering carbon dioxide. The possibility of using it to
enhance the mechanical strength and reduce permeability
of cement mortar is explored in this study.
a. ALCCOFINE 1203
Alccofine-1203 is a specifically processed product with a
high glass content and high reactivity that was created
through a carefully monitored granulation process. The
principal component of the raw materials is low calcium
silicates. Particle size distribution is managedasa resultof
the processing with other carefully chosen substances
(PSD). The calculated blain value using PSD is
approximately 12000cm2/gm, which is absolutely
extremely fine. Due to its distinct chemistry and ultra-fine
particle size, ALCCOFINE-1203 offers lower watercontent
and, depending on the workability, even up to 70%
replacement level for concrete performance. Additionally,
ALCCOFINE 1203 may be utilised as a super workability
aid to enhance flow or as a high range water reducer to
enhance compressive strength.
Table -1: Chemical Composition and Physical properties
Chemical
Analysis
Range
CaO 30- 34 Bulk Density 600 -700 kg/m3
Al2O3 18 -25 Surface Area 12000 cm2/gm
Fe2O3 0.8 3.0 Particle Shape Irregular
SO3 0.1-0.4 Particle Size,d10 <2mm
MgO 6-10 d50 <5mm
Mass % Physical Analysis

2. MATERIALS USED
2.1 Cement
Use of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of Grade 53
according to IS specifications is made in this investigation.
Table 2 provides cement's characteristics.
Table-2: Properties of OPC 53 grade cement
Properties Test
results
Technical reference
Specific gravity 3.12 IS4031(PART 11): 1988
Consistency (%) 30 IS4031(PART 4): 1988
Fineness of
cement (%)
4.7 IS4031(PART 2): 1996
Initial setting
time (minutes)
78 IS4031(PART 5): 1988
2.2 Fine Aggregate
For building, manufacturedsand(M-Sand)isanalternative
to river sand. M-sand is a product made from hard granite
stone that has been crushed. M-Sand is less than 4.75mm
in size. River sand is in short supply, hence artificial sand
has been employed as an alternative for construction. M-
Sand is also used since it is readily available and costs less
to transport. Additionally, it is a dust-free material that
pollutes very little. Table 3 lists the fine aggregate's
characteristics.
Table-3: Properties of Fine Aggregate
Properties Test results
Specific gravity 2.52
Finess modulus 3.84
Free surface moisture Nil
2.3 Coarse Aggregate
Aggregates with a particle size range of more than 4.75
mm, but typically between 10 and 40 mm in size. Concrete
benefits from coarse aggregate's strength, toughness, and
hardness qualities as well as its resistancetoabrasion.The
experimental study's coarse aggregatewas12.5mminsize
and conformed to IS 383:1970. Table 4 lists the
characteristics of coarse aggregate.
Table-4: Properties of Coarse Aggregate
2.4 Alccofine 1203
One of the newest micro-fine materials, Alccofine 1203, is
produced in India and has a particle size that is smaller
than that of cement, fly ash, silica fume, etc. Due to its
efficient particle size distribution, Alccofine 1203 has
special characteristics that can affect the performance of
concrete in both its fresh and hardened states. The early
strength of concrete made with alccofine 1203 is found to
be similar to or greater than that of silica fume. Because
alccofine starts the initial chain of events when cement
hydrates, this is the reason. Additionally, the alccofine
1203 eats the calcium hydroxide byproduct that is
generated during the hydration of cement, increasing the
concrete's late-age strength. As a result, it produces
additional C-S-H gel that is comparable to that of other
pozzolans. Alcofine's calculated particle size distribution
(PSD) is roughly 12000 cm2/g. According to the need, it
can be replaced with cement up to a 70% replacement
level. Table 5 lists the alccofine 1203's properties.
Fig- 1 : Alccofine 1203
Table-5: Properties of Alccofine 1203
Properties Test results
Specific gravity 2.9
Bulk density (kg/m³) 700-900
Fineness (cm²/g) >1200
Properties Test
results
Technical reference
Specific
gravity
2.69 IS2386(PART 3): Clause
2.4.2
Free surface
moisture
Nil IS383(PART 3): 1970
Fineness
modulus
4.25 IS383(PART 3): 1970
table 2

5 Admixture
Admixtures are defined in ACI 116R as “a material other
than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, and fiber
reinforcement, usedasaningredientofconcreteormortar,
and added to the batch right away before or during its
mixing”. Chemical admixtures are used to upgrade the
quality of concrete during mixing, transporting,placement
and curing. MASTERRHEOBUILD 1126ND is an admixture
of a new generation based on modified naphthalene
formaldehyde ether. The product has been primarily
developed for applications in high performance concrete
where the highest durability and performance is required.
MASTERRHEOBUILD 1126ND is free of chloride & low
alkali. It is compatible with all types of cements.
MASTERRHEOBUILD 1126ND has a different chemical
structure from the traditional superplasticisers.Itconsists
of a naphthalene formaldehyde polymer with long side
chains. At the beginning of the mixing process, it initiates the
same electrostatic dispersionmechanismasthetraditional
super plasticisers, but the side chains linked to the
polymer backbone generates a steric hindrance which
greatly stabilizes the cement particles' ability to separate
and disperse. Steric hindrance provides a physical barrier
(alongside the electrostatic barrier) between the cement
grains. With this process, flowable concrete with greatly
reduced water content is obtained.
Table-7: Performance Data
Aspect Dark brown liquid
Relative density 1.24 ± 0.02 at 25 c
pH ≥ 6
Chloride iron content ˂ 0.2 %
3. SPECIMEN DETAILS
Beam of size 150 mm x 200 mm x 1250 mm was used for
the study. A total of 2 specimen was casted. Mould of
casting beam specimen . The specimen was tested by the
optimum content of alccofine with optimum content of 10
% inself-compactingconcrete.Thebeamsweredesignedas
balanced section, according to IS 456:2000andthedetails.
4. PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN
The required quantities of cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate, super plasticisers, mineral admixtureand water
were taken for control specimens, in addition to this,
alccofine were mixed with the ingredients. Concrete was
prepared by machine mixing. Initially cement and fine
aggregate were mixed in dry state until it is of even colour
throughout and free from streaks followed and then
measuredquantityofcoarse aggregatewasspreadout.The
whole mass wasmixed bymachine inanangleof45%.Three
quarter of the total quantity of water was added while the
materials were turned in towards the centrewith spades.
The remaining water was added slowly when the whole
mixture was turning over and over again until a uniform
colour and consistency was obtained throughout.The
mould was made ready by applying oil in all contact
surfaces. The control specimens of normal concrete cover
of 25 mm were prepared by placing the reinforcements in
the mould with suitable cover blocks.Concretewasspread
on the mould and uniformly spread the mix on the mould.
The other specimen was cast by adding alccofine 10% to the
concrete Proper surface finishing was provided. The
specimen was removed from the mould after24hoursand
kept for curing. After 28 days of curing, specimens were
ready for testing.
5. TEST RIG AND INSTRUMENTATION
The experimental investigation of this project includes six
(6)beams. Three (3) beams cast as control specimenswith
Fe 415 steel using normal M30 mix and three (3) beams
cast asthe 35 percentages of walnut shell as volume of
coarse aggregate in concrete. All beams have a total length
of 1250 mm, width of 150 mm and depth of 200 mm each.
The longitudinal reinforcement was calculated using IS
456- 2000 to obtain flexural failure and was same for all
beams.The main lower reinforcement is2#8mmdiameter
and 8mm diameter stirrups.
Thesteelcoverusedwas25 mm.All beamswerecastusing
M30 concrete mix. The beams were cured using jute bags
with room temperature for 28 days. The compressive
strength of the concrete mix was measured after 28 days
using standard cubes. The mean compressive strength for
the mix was 30 MPa.
The flexural strength of the specimens was tested using a
30-ton loading frame. A dial gauge was attached at the
bottom of the beam to determine the deflection at the
centre of the beam. For testing of the specimen, the
supports were provided at a distance of 130 mm from the
edges of the beam. The effective span of the beam was
taken as 990 mm in the case of 1250 mm beam. A proving
ring of 500 kN was connected at the top of the beam to
determine the load applied.
Theflexuralstrengthofthebeamwastestedasatwo-point
loading system using a hydraulic jack of 30 ton attachedto

the loading frame. The behaviour of beam was keenly
observed from beginning to the failure. The loading was
stopped when the beam was just on the verge of collapse.
The first crack propagation and its development were
observed carefully. The values of load applied and
deflection were noted directly and further the plot of load
v/s deflection was performed which was taken as the
output. The load in KN was applied with uniformly
increasing the value of the load and the deflection under
the different applied loads was noted. The
applied load was increased up to the breaking point or till
the failure of the mate
6. RESULTS
6.1 LOAD DEFLECTION BEHAVIOUR
Duetoincrease inthe load,the beamstartsto deflect,upto
certainleveltheloadv/sdeflectiongraphwillbe linearthat
is load will be directly proportional to deflection. Due to
further increase in the load, the load value will not be
proportional to deflection, since the deflection values
increases as the strength of the materials goes on
increasing material loses elasticity and undergoes plastic
deformation.The deflectionandthe correspondingload,of
RCbeams reinforced with walnutshell as coarseaggregate
were compared with normal RC beams of SCC.
The load values and corresponding deflection of control
specimens and other specimens are given in table 7.
Flexural cracks and shear cracks were formed in the mid-
span and quarter span respectively of all the tested beams.
No shear failure of the beam was observed till the failure.
The maximumloadvaluesandmaximum verticaldeflection
at midspan is given in table 7 and observed that the
maximum load was carried by the scc beams with
alccofine.
Figure 6.1 indicates the load-deflection curves of control
beams and RC beams reinforced with alccofine. It can be
observed that the alccofine beams and control beams
shows similar inelastic behavior. The curves for all the
beams showed similar response in the initial stage of
loading till theformationoffirstcrack.Butwiththeincrease
inload, avariation was observedforalccofinemix.
Deflection
(mm)
Control specimen
Load (kN)
Test specimen
Load(kN)
0 0 0
0.5 11.26 14.724
1 20.71 23.313
1.5 36.77 39.878
2 53.0333 60.73
2.5 88.0332 100.02
3 109.484 120.85
3.5 134.74 139.87
4 151.194 160.73
4.5 156.88 168.09
5 162.646 170.53
Fig 6.1 Load - Deflection Graph
7. CONCLUSIONS
The main findings of this investigation are described
below.
 SCC beams with 10% alccofine had more
load carrying capacity compared to CS.
Also the initial crack load was increased
for alccofine.
 All the specimens showed a linear
relationship between load and deflection
until the formation of cracks
for alccofine.

for alccofine
 The beam failures flexurally
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to thank the Management, Principal and Head of
Civil Engineering Department of Universal Engineering
College, Thrissur, affiliated by Kerala Technological
University for their support. This paper is based on the
work carried out by me (Sheethal Sasikumar), as part of
my PG course, under the guidance of Anima p. (Associate
professor,Civil Department, Universal EngineeringCollege,
Thrissur, Kerala). I express my gratitude towards her for
valuable guidance.
REFERENCES
[1] Saloni, Abhishek singh, Vaibhav sandhu & Jatin,
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[2] Yatin et al. (2013) “Study on durability of High
Performance Concrete with Alccofine and Fly Ash”
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research
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“Effectiveness of alccofine and fly ash on mechanical
properties of ternary blended self compacting
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[3] Sagar, B.; Sivakumar, M.V.N. An Experimental and
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[4] B. Venkatasan, M. Venuga, P.R. Dhevasenna & V.
Kannan (2020), “Experimental study on concrete using
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[5] K. Ashwini etal. (2021)”Freeze and thaw resistance
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[6] Parmar, A., Patel, D. M., Chaudhari, D., and Raol, H.
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