Task 3 bfi video guide structure
- 1. Task 3 BFI Video Guide Structure “Create a Video Guide with audio commentary or annotations discussing the development of editing.” Edit together the scenes and films provided Merit: Explain why this was a key development in the editing process. Use the following subheadings in the boxes to structure your video: Make sure you include dates, director and chart the development of the Techniques used with on-screen examples Section 1: Developments in Editing Editing Development, Pioneer and Key Films What Techniques & Principles were developed – Mainstream Continuity or Alternative? What was the Purpose of editing in the examples? Why was this significant in the development of editing? – what did these films look like since this development? In-camera editing; Eg. Melies’ ‘Trip to the Moon’. Think about how he achieved this and why? Jump Cuts Dissolves Fades Time & Space Storytelling/creating drama Special effects, discontinuity. Editing scenes together to tell a story – advanced what the Lumieres did following the action; shot variation; Think about how as films developed directors became more creative with their shot variation (multiple single camera setups) and how this adds pace to the scene. Use specific examples from Porter ‘Great Train Robbery’ & Griffith ‘’Birth of a Nation’’ Building a sequence ofshots Cutaways Temporal Overlaps 180 degree rule Cross-cutting Rhythm & Pace Creating Motivation Storytelling/creating drama manipulation of diegetic time and space; multiple points of view; Remember this is how an editor creates a sense of time, space and unfolding narrative for the audience. Think about why this is an important factor in film 180 degree rule Cross cutting Match on Action (more developed than Porter’s temporal overlaps) Montage (5 types) Kuleshov Technique Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space
- 2. making and identify SPECIFIC examples and techniques employed by directors. Porter ‘Life of American Fireman’ and Griffiths ‘Birth of a Nation’ were doing this in order to create drama and entertainment in their storytelling, but remember that Eisenstein ‘Strike’ was also doing this to create Montage & meaning for propaganda and to make people think. Analogue: film, Early editing meant that editors had to be very precise when cutting the film. Invention of the ‘splicer’ meant that this sped up the editing time. Get footage of film being cut using a splicer Cuts Transitions Linear editing – required the editor to physically cut and join the film to assemble the edit in order the print/develop as a reel What are Tarantino’s thoughts about Linear/Analogue editing vs Non-Linear/Digital editing – which does he prefer and why? . Analogue: video; Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying and broadcasting of moving visual images. Early video tapes could record up to one hour. WE have since now moved on to digital which is a cheaper method of video production. Get footage of video being edited Linear editing – required the editor to record/copy the various sources onto a tape to assemble the edit in order Digital Modern method of editing using computers. Allows for more creativity and special effects. Final Cut, Avid etc. Non-Linear editing – allows the editor to assemble the edit out of sequence and re-arrange/re-organise
- 3. Section 2: Development of Techniques & Principles – Continuity vs Montage & The New Wave For your structure, group together the Continuity Techniques and refer to your examples you have found. Then group the Alternative Techniques together and discuss this separately, the principles and purposes in challenging the dominance of Continuity/Hollywood – the Soviets and the ‘New Wave Auteurs’ Finally discuss with reference to Modern and Contemporary Periods and explain how Alternative Techniques have been absorbed and Montage and Discontinuity is used for stylistic purposes Technique – describe and give detailed example, who pioneered it and which film scenes (Merit give example from both Early and Contemporary) Purpose - why would this technique be used in this clip? How does it maintain Continuity or break it? Compare how this technique has developed in the Contemporary Period from the Early Cinema? Give a detailed examples of film or music videos and discuss how it is used/purpose Stylistic? Part 1: Continuity editing – Introduce this Principle Seamless/Invisible Cuts Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Example: Avengers FightScene Motivated cuts Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Example: Pulp Fiction Parallel editing/cross cut Example: Porter Example Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Example: Batman Begins, Inception
- 4. 180 degree rule Example: Griffiths Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Cutaways Example: Porter ‘GreatTrain Robbery Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Point ofview shot Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Shot reverse shot Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Part 2: Alternative Techniques - Introduce this Principle Montage Example: Strike (5 types) Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Example: 99 Problems, Kill Bill, Inglorious Basterds Jump Cutting Example: Melies trip to the Moon Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Example: FightClub, Royal Tenenbaums, Techniques that can be used for either Continuity or Alternative (discuss how they are used and purpose), include in both Part 1 and 2. Transitions eg. Dissolve, fade, wipe Melies’ special effects or to move between scenes Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space
- 5. Editing rhythm Griffiths cross cutting or Eisenstein’s 5 methods - Metric Rhythm & Pace Storytelling/creating drama Time & Space Cutting to soundtrack Example: Hollywood Montage/Music Videos Section 3: Video Guide Conclusion Contemporary Evidence for analysis – Pulp Fiction, Inception, Kill Bill, Batman Begins, 99 Problems (Music Videos) Purpose: Rhythm & Pace, Storytelling/creating drama, Time & Space, ‘Spectacle’ Distinction Task: Critically assess the development & purposes - compare contemporary with earlier principles Compare the use of continuity & alternative techniques in Nolan & Tarantino’s films, and Music Videos to Earlier (Griffiths, Melies, Eisenstein, Hitchcock, Goddard – what are the differences? Compare purposes of editing in contemporary examples – have the purpose essentially stayed the same since the Pioneers? Argue: Montage and Discontinuity lost their Meaning in favour of stylistic use in contemporary films Nolan, Tarantino? Compare the use of Non-Linear editing in Hulk with that of Linear processes, argue - has this lead to a loss of meaning? Tarantino’s interview? Argue: What reasons did Continuity become the dominant form of editing?