Task 3 collaborative_group_10
- 1. TA S K 3 : T R A N S L A T I O N C O M P L E X I T Y P R E S E N T E D B Y M A R C O T U L I O O S P I N A V I L L A B O N A – 9 1 . 2 9 2 . 7 9 9 F A B I A N R O G E L I O S A A V E D R A – 9 1 . 3 5 6 . 0 3 8 K A R O L L I L I A N A B L A N C O C A R L O S M I G U E L V E R G E L - 1 3 . 1 7 7 . 4 0 1 T U T O R A N G I E L O R E N A S A L G A D O Translation techniques - Group 10 Universidad Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD October 15th, 2018
- 2. UNIT 1: T H E C O N C E P T O F T R A N S L A T I O N A N D I T S C O M P L E X I T Y
- 4. ST TO TT CONSOLIDATION ON THE TEXT “SMART ENERGY” FIRST PARAGRAPH SMART ENERGY PARAGRAPH 1 in the ST The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some major oil producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of global warming. Consequently, many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead to major changes in the supply and use of electricity. Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network. PÁRRAFO 1 as a TT Durante las próximas décadas se verán grandes cambios en la manera como la energía es suministrada y utilizada. En algunas de las principales naciones productoras de aceite, el pico mayor de producción de petróleo ya ha sido alcanzado, y eso aumentan los temores por el calentamiento global. Por consiguiente, varios países están concentrados en cambiar la economía con bajas emisiones de carbono. Esta transición liderará cambios importantes en el suministro y uso de la electricidad. Primero que todo, Habrá un incremento en la demanda general, a medida que los consumidores cambien el aceite y el gas por la electricidad para alimentar sus hogares y vehículos. En segundo lugar, habrá un incremento en la producción eléctrica, no únicamente en términos de cuanta energía es generada sino también como es generada, en tanto haya crecimiento en la producción de la electricidad desde los recursos renovables. Para asumir estos desafíos, los países están investigando tecnología de redes inteligentes. Este sistema tiene el propósito de proveer a la industria de la electricidad con un mejor entendimiento de generación de energía y demanda y utilizar esta información para crear una red de energía más eficiente.
- 5. ST TO TT CONSOLIDATION ON THE TEXT “SMART ENERGY” SECOND PARAGRAPH SMART ENERGY PARAGRAPH 2 in the ST Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity network. The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to manage the system. With better information about electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon emissions. Moreover, the computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs. PÁRRAFO 2 as a TT La tecnología Smart Grid implica básicamente la aplicación de un sistema informático a la red eléctrica. El sistema informático se puede utilizar para recopilar información sobre la oferta y la demanda y mejorar la capacidad del ingeniero para administrar el sistema. Con una mejor información sobre la demanda de electricidad, la red podrá aumentar la cantidad de electricidad entregada por unidad generada, lo que dará lugar a posibles reducciones en las necesidades de combustible y las emisiones de carbono. Además, el sistema informático ayudará a reducir los costos operativos y de mantenimiento.
- 6. ST TO TT CONSOLIDATION ON THE TEXT “SMART ENERGY” THIRD PARAGRAPH SMART ENERGY PARAGRAPH 3 in the ST Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real-time information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day will give customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their washing machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the grid. PÁRRAFO 3 as a TT La tecnología Red Inteligente también ofrece beneficios para el consumidor. Ellos podrán reunir información en tiempo real sobre su uso de energía para cada aparato. La variación de las tarifas a lo largo del día dará a los clientes el incentivo de usar electrodomésticos en tiempos cuando la oferta supera ampliamente la demanda, lo que conlleva grandes reducciones en las facturas. Por ejemplo, ellos pueden usar sus lavadoras en la noche. Los medidores inteligentes también pueden ser conectados a Internet o al sistema telefónico, permitiendo a los clientes encender o apagar aparatos de forma remota. Además, si las casas están equipadas con el aparato para generar su propia energía, los dispositivos pueden ser configurados para que funcionen directamente desde la fuente de energía, y cualquier exceso puede ser vendido a la red.
- 7. ST TO TT CONSOLIDATION ON THE TEXT “SMART ENERGY” FOURTH PARAGRAPH SMART ENERGY PARAGRAPH 4 in the ST With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and demand. Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day or year. With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Potential solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging consumers to use electricity at off- peak times. A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs. PÁRRAFO 4 as a TT Con estos cambios viene una serie de desafios. El primero involucra el manejo de la oferta y la demanda. Las fuentes de energía renovable, tales como el viento, las olas y la energía solar, se hacen notar por su impredecibilidad, y la energía nuclear, la cual también aumentará a medida que los países se cambian a las fuentes de energía alternativa, es inflexible. Con el petróleo y el gas, es relativamente sencillo incrementar el suministro de energía para dar abasto con la cada vez mayor demanda durante las horas pico del día o del año. Con fuentes alternativas, es mucho más difícil, y se puede llegar a apagones o a un colapso del sistema. Posibles soluciones incluyen investigar nuevas e eficientes formas de almacenar energía y motivar a los consumidores para usar la electricidad fuera de las horas pico. Un segundo problema es el hecho de que muchas fuentes de generación de energía renovable están localizadas en áreas remotas, tal como cimas donde corre el viento y regiones costeras, donde hay actualmente una falta de infraestructura eléctrica. Nuevas infraestructuras por consiguiente deben construirse. Afortunadamente, con el mejoramiento de la tecnología inteligente, eso se puede realizar más eficientemente mediante la reducción de los costos de refuerzo o construcción.
- 8. ST TO TT CONSOLIDATION ON THE TEXT “SMART ENERGY” FIFTH PARAGRAPH SMART ENERGY PARAGRAPH 5 in the ST Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment into smart energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our behaviour. PÁRRAFO 5 as a TT Aunque la tecnología inteligente aún se encuentra en su infancia, ya están en funcionamiento esquemas piloto para promoverla y ponerla a prueba. Los consumidores están actualmente poniendo a prueba los nuevos medidores inteligentes que se pueden usar en sus casas para el manejo del consumo de electricidad. Hay también un número de demostraciones que están siendo programadas para indicar como la tecnología inteligente podría funcionar de forma práctica, con pruebas en ejecución para evaluar la nueva infraestructura eléctrica. Es muy probable que la tecnología se incorpore por “capas” comenzando con métodos de “Ganancia rápida” que brindarán un ahorro inicial de carbón, que serán seguidos por sistemas más avanzados en un día futuro. Las ciudades son las principales candidatas en las cuales se invertirá en Energía inteligente, debido a su alta densidad poblacional y al alto consumo energético. Es allí donde más probablemente se promocione de primero la tecnología inteligente, utilizando una gama fuentes energéticas sostenibles, soluciones de transporte y una infraestructura para recargar vehículos eléctricos. La infraestructura ya está rápidamente cambiando. Para el año 2050, los cambios en el suministro energético habrá transformado nuestras casas, nuestras carreteras y nuestro comportamiento.
- 9. R E F L E C T I O N S O N T H E C O M P L E X I T Y O F T H E T R A N S L A T I O N P R O C E S S
- 10. BY CARLOS MIGUEL VERGEL At the moment of translating the paragraph with the words with the familiar words that were there and, therefore, what is the best way to translate, but still missing the words that were left untranslated, such as: Smart Grid, which is an intelligent electricity network, therefore it has no translation.
- 11. BY FABIAN ROGELIO SAAVEDRA The text “Smart Grid” is a scientific article, which talks about electricity distribution grid combined with modern information technologies, in order to help consumers in their economy and the conservation of the environment. It uses a technical language, and it has some expressions and words hard to translate. Although the paragraph does not have words from another language (without translation), maybe, the words "Smart Grid" can be considered as such. here you can use the borrowing translation technique. Initially, I found a phrase with a modal verb. “they will be able to collect real time information…” It is a compound verb; therefore, it is impossible to translate word for word. For that reason, I used the technique literal translation. Then, I was confused with the phrase: “when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in bills”. I solved the problem with the same technique. Now, in the same paragraph I found the word "appliance" several times, and I did not know how to use it without it sounding like a crutch. Then I investigated and discovered that the word has several synonyms when it is translated (appliance, apparatus, device, application). In this way I could use it. In general terms, the most used technique was literal translation, since, the paragraph has sentences which can be translated word for word and others not. It is depending on the language structure. Note: I couldn't use more techniques of translation in that paragraph. I don't know if it is possible.
- 12. BY MARCO OSPINA First and foremost, I must say that this activity in general attests to the fact that translation isn´t just the bare movement of words from language into another one, we have to be aware of the involvement of other factors such as the assumption of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic nuances and the special need for socio-cultural interpretations. As for paragraph 4 & 5, their translation process required a lot of indirect or oblique translation techniques such as modulation, transposition, and some adaptations in order to finish it successfully. Second of all, it seems like when we translate from English to Spanish we end up using a couple more words. Therefore, in my process beyond translating some parts literally, my process entailed using other translation techniques in order to translate without altering the overall content or meaning such as: • Transposition • Modulation • Equivalence • Compensation
- 13. BY MARCO OSPINA SOURCE TEXT FROM PARAGRAPH 4 SPANISH TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE With these changes comes a range of challenges. Con estos cambios viene una serie de desafios. Modulation: Used here to sound more natural The first involves managing the supply and demand. desafios. El primero involucra el manejo de la oferta y la demanda. Transposition due to change in grammatical category Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously unpredictable Las fuentes de energía renovable, tales como el viento, las olas y la energía solar, se hacen notar por (su) impredecibilidad Transposition: Used here because I changed the grammatical category of “notoriously” and “unpredictable” Compensation: to give room to new articles not present in the original such as: las y su With oil and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day Con el petróleo y el gas, es relativamente sencillo incrementar el suministro de energía para dar abasto con la cada vez mayor demanda durante las horas pico del día. Modulation: in translating simple as sencillo. Also in translating the infinitive “to match” as “para dar abasto con” With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Con fuentes alternativas, es mucho más difícil, y puede llevar a apagones o a un colapso del sistema. Transposition Modulation in apagones for blackouts. Equivalence in translating “far more” as “mucho mas” A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas. Un segundo problema es el hecho de que muchas fuentes de generación de energía renovable están localizadas en áreas remotas Transposition Potential solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging consumers to use electricity at off-peak times. Posibles soluciones incluyen investigar nuevas e eficientes formas de almacenar energía y motivar a los consumidores para usar la electricidad fuera de las horas pico. Transposition and Modulation when the original semantics is changed. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Nuevas infraestructuras por consiguiente deben construirse. Modulation
- 14. BY KAROL LILIANA BLANCO This paragraph talks about how the energy is been used around the world and how its production is changing through the years with the objective to use renewable sources. In the reading, I found some problems in the translation like unknown words and difficult sentences with some unknown expressions. Firstly, expressions like “peak oil” and “smart grid”, I think in these situations we can write the expression like it seems (using the borrowing technique) or simply write it or trying to make the translation in order to clarify the meaning (using the reformulation technique). These kinds of expressions are recognized in different social contexts as follows: “peak oil” in the economy culture and “smart grid” in the technology culture. Secondly, In the phrase “the next few decades”, the translation was modified, because if I used the English structure the phrase had sounded very weird, so I preferred write the sentence in a Spanish structure without lose the meaningful. The same case took place with the expression “there are increasing fears” I tried to modulate the phrase in order to complete the sentence in a logical way for the Spanish readers. Thirdly, I practiced the transposition technique with the expression “global warming” in which was necessary to change the order of words: “calentamiento global”. Other example was “on the switch to a low carbon economy, in the case, I tried to express the idea in a completely different way reformulating the sentence: “en cambiar la economía con bajas emisiones de carbono”. In the following sentence the expression “as there is growing” for me, was very complicated because the Spanish translation was very strange, for that, I reformulate the phrase in a different form without lose the sense “en tanto haya crecimiento en la producción de la electricidad”. Finally, I used the calque technique with the expression “power generation”, it’s a phrase borrowed from English language and translated literally word by word, in Spanish could be “generación de poder”.
- 15. C O M P A R A T I V E C H A R T