![but laugh. “Mr. Nathan Davis went by the five-o’clock train,” I said;
“it is now about six or seven, maybe eight. I have had so many
visitors. Mr. Reed, of Alabama, is asking for you out there.” He went
without a word, but I doubt if he went to see Mr. Reed, my laughing
had made him so angry.
At last Lincoln threatens us with a proclamation abolishing
slavery[75]—here in the free Southern Confederacy; and they say
McClellan is deposed. They want more fighting—I mean the
government, whose skins are safe, they want more fighting, and
trust to luck for the skill of the new generals.
March 28th.—I did leave with regret Maum Mary. She was such a
good, well-informed old thing. My Molly, though perfection
otherwise, does not receive the confidential communications of new-
made generals at the earliest moment. She is of very limited military
information. Maum Mary was the comfort of my life. She saved me
from all trouble as far as she could. Seventy, if she is a day, she is
spry and active as a cat, of a curiosity that knows no bounds, black
and clean; also, she knows a joke at first sight, and she is honest. I
fancy the negroes are ashamed to rob people as careless as James
Chesnut and myself.
One night, just before we left the Congaree House, Mr. Chesnut
had forgotten to tell some all-important thing to Governor Gist, who
was to leave on a public mission next day. So at the dawn of day he
put on his dressing-gown and went to the Governor’s room. He
found the door unlocked and the Governor fast asleep. He shook
him. Half-asleep, the Governor sprang up and threw his arms around
Mr. Chesnut’s neck and said: “Honey, is it you?” The mistake was
rapidly set right, and the bewildered plenipotentiary was given his
instructions. Mr. Chesnut came into my room, threw himself on the
sofa, and nearly laughed himself to extinction, imitating again and
again the pathetic tone of the Governor’s greeting.
Mr. Chesnut calls Lawrence “Adolphe,” but says he is simply
perfect as a servant. Mary Stevens said: “I thought Cousin James
the laziest man alive until I knew his man, Lawrence.” Lawrence will](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10483-250516062728-1083885d/85/Test-Bank-for-Operations-Management-9th-Edition-by-Krajewski-35-320.jpg)
![listen to the distinction between feminine folly and virulent vagaries
and nonsense. He said: “He will certainly be salivated after all that
calomel out in this damp weather.”
To-day, the ladies in their landaus were bitterly attacked by the
morning paper for lolling back in their silks and satins, with tall
footmen in livery, driving up and down the streets while the poor
soldiers’ wives were on the sidewalks. It is the old story of rich and
poor! My little barouche is not here, nor has James Chesnut any of
his horses here, but then I drive every day with Mrs. McCord and
Mrs. Preston, either of whose turnouts fills the bill. The Governor’s
carriage, horses, servants, etc., are splendid—just what they should
be. Why not?
April 14th.—Our Fair is in full blast. We keep a restaurant. Our
waitresses are Mary and Buck Preston, Isabella Martin, and Grace
Elmore.
April 15th.—Trescott is too clever ever to be a bore; that was
proved to-day, for he stayed two hours; as usual, Mr. Chesnut said
“four.” Trescott was very surly; calls himself ex-Secretary of State of
the United States; now, nothing in particular of South Carolina or the
Confederate States. Then he yawned, “What a bore this war is. I
wish it was ended, one way or another.” He speaks of going across
the border and taking service in Mexico. “Rubbish, not much Mexico
for you,” I answered. Another patriot came then and averred, “I will
take my family back to town, that we may all surrender together. I
gave it up early in the spring.” Trescott made a face behind backs,
and said: “Lache!”
The enemy have flanked Beauregard at Nashville. There is grief
enough for Albert Sidney Johnston now; we begin to see what we
have lost. We were pushing them into the river when General
Johnston was wounded. Beauregard was lying in his tent, at the
rear, in a green sickness—melancholy—but no matter what the name
of the malady. He was too slow to move, and lost all the advantage
gained by our dead hero.[76] Without him there is no head to our
Western army. Pulaski has fallen. What more is there to fall?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10483-250516062728-1083885d/85/Test-Bank-for-Operations-Management-9th-Edition-by-Krajewski-37-320.jpg)
![very depths of despair are we.
April 27th.—New Orleans gone[77] and with it the Confederacy.
That Mississippi ruins us if lost. The Confederacy has been done to
death by the politicians. What wonder we are lost.
The soldiers have done their duty. All honor to the army.
Statesmen as busy as bees about their own places, or their personal
honor, too busy to see the enemy at a distance. With a microscope
they were examining their own interests, or their own wrongs,
forgetting the interests of the people they represented. They were
concocting newspaper paragraphs to injure the government. No
matter how vital it may be, nothing can be kept from the enemy.
They must publish themselves, night and day, what they are doing,
or the omniscient Buncombe will forget them.
This fall of New Orleans means utter ruin to the private fortunes of
the Prestons. Mr. Preston came from New Orleans so satisfied with
Mansfield Lovell and the tremendous steam-rams he saw there.
While in New Orleans Burnside offered Mr. Preston five hundred
thousand dollars, a debt due to him from Burnside, and he refused
to take it. He said the money was safer in Burnside’s hands than his.
And so it may prove, so ugly is the outlook now. Burnside is wide
awake; he is not a man to be caught napping.
Mary Preston was saying she had asked the Hamptons how they
relished the idea of being paupers. If the country is saved none of us
will care for that sort of thing. Philosophical and patriotic, Mr.
Chesnut came in, saying: “Conrad has been telegraphed from New
Orleans that the great iron-clad Louisiana went down at the first
shot.” Mr. Chesnut and Mary Preston walked off, first to the bulletin-
board and then to the Prestons’.
April 29th.—A grand smash, the news from New Orleans fatal to
us. Met Mr. Weston. He wanted to know where he could find a place
of safety for two hundred negroes. I looked into his face to see if he
were in earnest; then to see if he were sane. There was a certain set
of two hundred negroes that had grown to be a nuisance.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10483-250516062728-1083885d/85/Test-Bank-for-Operations-Management-9th-Edition-by-Krajewski-40-320.jpg)
![children to the safe place and let the army stay where the fighting is
to be. Armies are to save, not to be saved. At least, to be saved is
not their raison d’être exactly. If this goes on the spirit of our people
will be broken. One ray of comfort comes from Henry Marshall. “Our
Army of the Peninsula is fine; so good I do not think McClellan will
venture to attack it.” So mote it be.
May 6th.—Mine is a painful, self-imposed task: but why write
when I have nothing to chronicle but disaster?[78] So I read instead:
First, Consuelo, then Columba, two ends of the pole certainly, and
then a translated edition of Elective Affinities. Food enough for
thought in every one of this odd assortment of books.
At the Prestons’, where I am staying (because Mr. Chesnut has
gone to see his crabbed old father, whom he loves, and who is
reported ill), I met Christopher Hampton. He tells us Wigfall is out on
a war-path; wants them to strike for Maryland. The President’s
opinion of the move is not given. Also Mr. Hampton met the first
lieutenant of the Kirkwoods, E. M. Boykin. Says he is just the same
man he was in the South Carolina College. In whatever company you
may meet him, he is the pleasantest man there.
A telegram reads: “We have repulsed the enemy at
Williamsburg.”[79] Oh, if we could drive them back “to their ain
countree!” Richmond was hard pressed this day. The Mercury of to-
day says, “Jeff Davis now treats all men as if they were idiotic
insects.”
Mary Preston said all sisters quarreled. No, we never quarrel, I
and mine. We keep all our bitter words for our enemies. We are
frank heathens; we hate our enemies and love our friends. Some
people (our kind) can never make up after a quarrel; hard words
once only and all is over. To us forgiveness is impossible. Forgiveness
means calm indifference; philosophy, while love lasts. Forgiveness of
love’s wrongs is impossible. Those dutiful wives who piously overlook
—well, everything—do not care one fig for their husbands. I settled
that in my own mind years ago. Some people think it magnanimous](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10483-250516062728-1083885d/85/Test-Bank-for-Operations-Management-9th-Edition-by-Krajewski-42-320.jpg)
![name again under any possible circumstances. It was all
preposterous nonsense, but it annoyed my husband amazingly. He
said it was a scheme to use my chatter to his injury. He was very
kind about it. He knows my real style so well that he can always tell
my real impudence from what is fabricated for me.
There is said to be an order from Butler[80] turning over the
women of New Orleans to his soldiers. Thus is the measure of his
iniquities filled. We thought that generals always restrained, by shot
or sword if need be, the brutality of soldiers. This hideous, cross-
eyed beast orders his men to treat the ladies of New Orleans as
women of the town—to punish them, he says, for their insolence.
Footprints on the boundaries of another world once more. Willie
Taylor, before he left home for the army, fancied one day—day,
remember—that he saw Albert Rhett standing by his side. He
recoiled from the ghostly presence. “You need not do that, Willie.
You will soon be as I am.” Willie rushed into the next room to tell
them what had happened, and fainted. It had a very depressing
effect upon him. And now the other day he died in Virginia.
May 24th.—The enemy are landing at Georgetown. With a little
more audacity where could they not land? But we have given them
such a scare, they are cautious. If it be true, I hope some cool-
headed white men will make the negroes save the rice for us. It is so
much needed. They say it might have been done at Port Royal with
a little more energy. South Carolinians have pluck enough, but they
only work by fits and starts; there is no continuous effort; they can’t
be counted on for steady work. They will stop to play—or enjoy life
in some shape.
Without let or hindrance Halleck is being reenforced. Beauregard,
unmolested, was making some fine speeches—and issuing
proclamations, while we were fatuously looking for him to make a
tiger’s spring on Huntsville. Why not? Hope springs eternal in the
Southern breast.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10483-250516062728-1083885d/85/Test-Bank-for-Operations-Management-9th-Edition-by-Krajewski-45-320.jpg)
![thinks there is a conspiracy against him in the army. Why? Heavens
and earth—why?
June 2d.—A battle[81] is said to be raging round Richmond. I am
at the Prestons’. James Chesnut has gone to Richmond suddenly on
business of the Military Department. It is always his luck to arrive in
the nick of time and be present at a great battle.
Wade Hampton shot in the foot, and Johnston Pettigrew killed. A
telegram says Lee and Davis were both on the field: the enemy
being repulsed. Telegraph operator said: “Madam, our men are
fighting.” “Of course they are. What else is there for them to do now
but fight?” “But, madam, the news is encouraging.” Each army is
burying its dead: that looks like a drawn battle. We haunt the
bulletin-board.
Back to McMahan’s. Mem Cohen is ill. Her daughter, Isabel, warns
me not to mention the battle raging around Richmond. Young Cohen
is in it. Mrs. Preston, anxious and unhappy about her sons. John is
with General Huger at Richmond; Willie in the swamps on the coast
with his company. Mem tells me her cousin, Edwin de Leon, is sent
by Mr. Davis on a mission to England.
Rev. Robert Barnwell has returned to the hospital. Oh, that we had
given our thousand dollars to the hospital and not to the gunboat!
“Stonewall Jackson’s movements,” the Herald says, “do us no harm;
it is bringing out volunteers in great numbers.” And a Philadelphia
paper abused us so fervently I felt all the blood in me rush to my
head with rage.
June 3d.—Doctor John Cheves is making infernal machines in
Charleston to blow the Yankees up; pretty name they have, those
machines. My horses, the overseer says, are too poor to send over.
There was corn enough on the place for two years, they said, in
January; now, in June, they write that it will not last until the new
crop comes in. Somebody is having a good time on the plantation, if
it be not my poor horses.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10483-250516062728-1083885d/85/Test-Bank-for-Operations-Management-9th-Edition-by-Krajewski-51-320.jpg)
Test Bank for Operations Management 9th Edition by Krajewski
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- 5. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 2 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Difficulty: Easy Keywords: process, inputs, outputs
- 6. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 3 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7. Inputs to a process can include human resources. Answer: True Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: inputs, process, resources 8. Every process has a customer. Answer: True Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: process, customer 9. A nested process refers to a process within a process. Answer: True Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: nested process 10. At the level of the firm, service providers offer just services and manufacturers offer just products. Answer: False Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing, service, similarity, goods, services 11. At the process level, it is much easier to distinguish whether the process is providing a service or manufacturing a product. Answer: True Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing process, service process, goods, services 12. In a service process, output can be inventoried. Answer: False Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: manufacturing process, service process, inventory 13. Manufacturing processes tend to be capital intensive, while service processes tend to be more labor intensive. Answer: True Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: manufacturing process, service process, capital intensive, labor intensive
- 7. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 4 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14. Quality is more easily measured in a service process than in a manufacturing process. Answer: False Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing process, service process, quality 15. Manufacturing processes usually have long response times compared to service processes. Answer: True Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing process, service process, response time 16. Contact with the customer is usually higher in a manufacturing process than in a service process. Answer: False Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: manufacturing process, service process, customer contact 17. A core process is a set of activities that delivers value to external customers. Answer: True Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core process, supply chain 18. A supply chain is the cumulative work of a firm’s processes. Answer: True Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: process, supply chain 19. The supplier relationship process selects the suppliers of services, materials and information, while the order fulfillment process facilitates the timely and efficient flow of these items into the firm. Answer: False Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: supplier relationship, process, order fulfillment process 20. Environmental scanning refers to the unique resources and strengths that an organization’s management considers when formulating a strategy. Answer: False Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: environmental scanning, strategy
- 8. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 5 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21. A firm’s core competencies should determine its core processes. Answer: True Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: core competency, core process 22. Competitive priorities are the means by which operations implements the firm’s corporate strategies. Answer: False Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priority, corporate strategy 23. Flexibility is a possible competitive priority. Answer: True Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: flexibility, competitive priority 24. Consistent quality is not important to today’s consumers. Answer: False Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: consistent quality, competitive priorities 25. Delivery speed is measured by the elapsed time between receipt of a customer’s order and filling it. Answer: True Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: delivery speed, order, fill time 26. Volume flexibility involves accelerating or decelerating the rate of production of services or products to handle large fluctuations in demand. Answer: True Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Hard Keywords: volume flexibility 27. A firm once made purchasing decisions based on which supplier had the lowest cost. But once cash flow was healthy, purchasing decisions were made based on which company could provide the goods and services the fastest. In this case, delivery speed is clearly the order qualifier. Answer: False Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priority, order qualifier
- 9. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 6 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28. Strategic plans are developed farther into the future than tactical plans. Answer: True Reference: Operations Strategy As a Pattern of Decisions Difficulty: Easy Keywords: strategic plans, tactical plans 29. Productivity is measured as input divided by output. Answer: False Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: productivity, input, output 30. Labor productivity is an index of the output per person or hours worked. Answer: True Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: labor productivity, output 31. Most products today are composites of global materials and services from throughout the world. Answer: True Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: globalization, products 32. The increased global presence of many firms has lessened the burden to behave ethically. Answer: False Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: ethics, global presence MULTIPLE CHOICE 33. Regardless of how departments like Accounting, Engineering, Finance, and Marketing function in an organization, they are all linked together through: a. management. b. processes. c. customers. d. stakeholders. Answer: b Reference: Operations Management Across the Organization Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: departments, functions, processes
- 10. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 7 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34. Which one of the following statements regarding operations management is true? a. Inputs to a production system include capital and materials, but not human resources. b. Operations management deals only with manufacturing organizations because service organizations do not have tangible outputs. c. Typical inputs to a production system are processes and consumer goods. d. Customer participation and information on performance are two special types of inputs to a production system. Answer: d Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: operations, participation, information, input 35. Operations management is part of a production system that can be described in the following manner: Organization: inputsprocessesoutputs. Which one of the following correctly describes a production system? a. Airline: pilotsplanestransportation b. Bank: tellerscomputer equipmentdeposits c. Furniture manufacturer: woodsandingchair d. Telephone company: satellitescablescommunication Answer: c Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: production system, input, process, output You are the Production Manager for the toy manufacturing process at the ABC Company. 36. Use the information provided in Table 1.1. An example of an internal customer is: a. The lumber company b. The Receiving Department at ABC c. The Shipping Department at ABC d. The toy store at the mall Answer: c Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: internal customer LUMBER COMPANY ABC TOY MANUFACTURING COMPANY TOY STORE AT THE MALL Table 1.1
- 11. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 8 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37. Use the information provided in Table 1.1. An example of an internal supplier is: a. The lumber company b. The Receiving Department at ABC c. The Shipping Department at ABC d. The toy store at the mall Answer: b Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: internal supplier 38. Use the information provided in Table 1.1. An example of an external customer is: a. The lumber company b. The Receiving Department at ABC c. The Shipping Department at ABC d. The toy store at the mall Answer: d Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: external customer 39. Use the information provided in Table 1.1. An example of an external supplier is: a. The lumber company b. The Receiving Department at ABC c. The Shipping Department at ABC d. The toy store at the mall Answer: a Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: external supplier 40. Which of the following is an example of a nested process? a. At the start of the new semester, a student first pays tuition and then goes to the bookstore. b. A customer service representative verifies a caller’s account information. c. A candidate’s intent to graduate is checked for financial holds by the Bursar and for degree requirements by Advising before the diploma mill prints their sheepskin. d. A stockbroker calls a client and advises her to sell silver short. Answer: c Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: nested process
- 12. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 9 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41. Which of the following statements is more of a general characteristic of a manufacturing organization, as compared to a service organization? a. Short-term demand tends to be highly variable. b. Operations are more capital intensive. c. Outputs are more intangible. d. Quality is more difficult to measure. Answer: b Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing organization, service organization, capital intensity 42. Which one of the following statements is more of a general characteristic of a service organization, as compared to a manufacturing organization? a. Output can be inventoried. b. The response time is longer. c. There is less customer contact. d. The facilities tend to be smaller. Answer: d Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing organization, service organization, facilities 43. Manufacturing processes usually have: a. physical, durable output. b. high levels of customer contact. c. output that cannot be inventoried. d. low levels of capital intensity. Answer: a Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing organization, service organization, physical output 44. Service processes usually have: a. physical, durable output. b. low levels of customer contact. c. output that can be inventoried. d. low levels of capital intensity. Answer: d Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing organization, service organization, capital intensity
- 13. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 10 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45. Which of the following statements concerning manufacturing and service organizations is generally true? a. A service facility is more likely to serve national or even international markets. b. Manufacturing organizations generally have more difficulty in matching capacity with demand. c. In many service organizations, such as hospitals and entertainment centers, customers themselves are inputs to the transformation processes. d. Most service organizations can buffer themselves against uncertain demand by creating inventories and smoothing output levels. Answer: c Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing organization, service organization, input, transformation process 46. Refresh your understanding of the word customer in operations management and identify the statement that is TRUE. a. Manufacturing systems can have only internal customers because other departments are responsible for serving the external customer. b. Only service organizations have external customers because service is provided in the presence of a customer. c. Customers can be internal or external in both manufacturing and service operations. d. The concept of an external customer is no longer relevant because delivery is given by third-party distribution companies. Answer: c Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: internal customer, external customer, manufacturing operation, service operation 47. Which of the following statements is best? Operations management can be made more effective by: a. focusing on aspects of operations that are directly related to production. b. coordinating operations with other functional areas that impact operations. c. making production early enough so that stockouts do not occur. d. coordinating all activities related to operations directly or indirectly, both within and outside the organization. Answer: d Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: operation management, coordination of activities
- 14. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 11 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 48. A set of activities that delivers value to external customers is a: a. supply chain. b. core process. c. support process. d. system. Answer: b Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: activity, core process 49. Budgeting, recruiting, and scheduling are examples of these types of processes. a. Development b. Core process c. Support process d. System Answer: c Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: activity, support process 50. The core processes in a supply chain must add value for the external customers, while support processes: a. do not add value for the customer. b. include the order fulfillment process. c. are directly involved in service to the external client. d. are also part of the supply chain. Answer: d Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core process, support process, supply chain 51. The process that facilitates the placement of orders and identifies, attracts, and builds relationships with external customers is called the: a. customer relationship process. b. new service development process. c. order fulfillment process. d. supplier relationship process. Answer: a Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: process, customer relationship
- 15. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 12 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 52. The process that designs and develops new products and services is called the: a. customer relationship process. b. new service development process. c. order fulfillment process. d. supplier relationship process. Answer: b Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Easy Keywords: process, service development 53. The process that includes the activities required to produce and deliver the service or product to the customer is called the: a. customer relationship process. b. new service development process. c. order fulfillment process. d. supplier relationship process. Answer: c Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: process, order fulfillment 54. The framework for carrying out all of an organization’s functions is: a. the competitive priority. b. the corporate strategy. c. the market analysis. d. the organizational design. Answer: b Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: corporate strategy 55. In response to social and political moves to discourage cigarette smoking, major cigarette manufacturers have had to diversify into other products. Identifying the pressures against smoking is an example of: a. environmental scanning. b. market segmentation. c. flow strategy. d. mission statement development. Answer: a Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: environmental scanning, strategy
- 16. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 13 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 56. Monitoring trends in the industry, the marketplace, and society for potential opportunities or threats is known as: a. flow strategy. b. market segmentation. c. environmental scanning d. mission statement development. Answer: c Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: environmental scanning, monitoring 57. A company realizes that layoffs at its primary customers reflect falling demands for its customers’ products, and hence for its own products. The company has engaged in: a. flow strategy. b. market segmentation. c. mission statement redefinition. d. environmental scanning. Answer: d Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: environmental scanning 58. Core competencies are: a. product or service attributes that represent the needs of a particular market segment. b. another name for competitive priorities. c. various flow strategies. d. the unique resources and strengths that management considers when formulating strategy. Answer: d Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core competency, strategy 59. All of the following are core competencies except: a. workforce. b. competitive priorities. c. facilities. d. market and financial know-how. Answer: b Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core competency
- 17. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 14 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 60. All of the following are core competencies except: a. facilities. b. market and financial know-how. c. systems and technology. d. environmental scanning. Answer: d Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core competency 61. Which of the following is an example of a core competency? a. Facilities b. Top quality c. Low-cost operations d. On-time delivery Answer: a Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core competency 62. The Gap, Inc. has targeted teenagers and young adults needing casual clothes and, for its GapKids stores, the parents or guardians of infants through 12-year-olds. This is an example of: a. market segmentation. b. a collaborative effort between the company and its customers. c. a needs assessment. d. a mission statement. Answer: a Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: market segmentation 63. A steel company has categorized its customers as standard steel customers, special bar- quality steel customers, and mixed-steel customers. This is an example of: a. a needs assessment. b. a mission statement. c. market segmentation. d. a joint venture with its customers. Answer: c Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: market segmentation
- 18. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 15 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 64. A lawn fertilizer company has identified a group of customers, such as Costco and Wal-Mart, that has a high degree of variability in its demands for fertilizer. This is an example of needs assessment on the basis of: a. product/service needs. b. delivery system needs. c. volume needs. d. industry factors. Answer: c Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: volume needs, needs assessment 65. Which one of the following statements concerning competitive priorities is TRUE? a. By providing customized toys, a firm is competing mainly on the basis of delivery speed. b. All nine dimensions of competitive priorities should be given equal emphasis in order to survive in the increasingly competitive market. c. A firm competing along the dimension of volume flexibility will generally be expected to do well with a product or service with a seasonal or cyclical demand pattern. d. Federal Express has registered impressive increases in sales and profits by emphasizing development speed. Answer: c Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities, volume flexibility 66. Competitive priorities define the dimensions on which the firm should excel with its products or services. Which one of the following statements regarding this concept is TRUE? a. The strategy of emphasizing lower price is most appropriate when the product is highly differentiated. b. McDonald’s restaurants emphasize high-performance design quality rather than consistent quality. c. All nine dimensions of competitive priorities should be equally emphasized in order to service the increasingly competitive market of the 1990s. d. Often there are trade-offs among competitive priorities; thus, the best emphasis is situational. Answer: d Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities, situational emphasis
- 19. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 16 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 67. Competitive priorities state the dimensions on which a firm can excel. Which one of the following statements about each dimension is TRUE? a. Emphasizing low price is most appropriate for differentiated products in the growth stage of demand. b. A firm that intends to excel at top quality can succeed only when its production volume is very high. c. McDonald’s is a typical example of an organization that excels at volume flexibility rather than quality consistency. d. For a firm that gives top priority to customization, volumes for any individual product tend to be low. Answer: d Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities, customization 68. Which of the following statements about competitive priorities is TRUE? a. Firms emphasizing low price have slack capacity and hold large inventories in order to be efficient. b. To survive, all firms in an industry must compete on the same dimensions of competitive priority. c. United Parcel Service (UPS) competes on the dimension of on-time delivery in part by using its logistics and warehousing expertise to deliver a very large volume of shipments on-time across the globe. d. A good delivery time is less than a few weeks, irrespective of the industry under consideration. Answer: c Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities 69. Competitive priorities define the dimensions on which companies should excel in producing their products or services. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? a. A firm that competes on the dimension of volume flexibility is more likely to manufacture products that experience a seasonal demand variation. b. It is impossible for a firm to improve cost and quality simultaneously. c. A firm offering little customization cannot compete simultaneously on the dimension of consistent quality. d. A firm that competes on the dimension of customization tends to have operating systems that are inflexible. Answer: a Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities, volume flexibility
- 20. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 17 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 70. A firm that competes based on development speed would not: a. have critical suppliers participate in the process. b. have a high level of cross-functional coordination between marketing and sales. c. practice concurrent engineering. d. have critical competitors engage in the design process. Answer: d Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: development speed 71. Admission to the prestigious school had become so competitive that a high GPA was no longer enough to separate one fresh-faced high school student from another. Today’s outstanding candidate must also demonstrate their involvement in a myriad of extracurricular activities in order to be admitted. It seems that good grades are now: a. the voice of the engineer. b. order qualifiers. c. order winners. d. the voice of the customer. Answer: b Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: order qualifier 72. The first three cars I bought all fell apart around 50,000 miles. It was called planned obsolescence and no one seemed to care until companies entered the market and promised 70,000, then 80,000, and finally 100,000 warranties. What sets a great car apart from a good one now is not the quality, which is assumed, but performance, safety and fuel economy. A car that can achieve all three is highly sought after. In the automotive market, performance, safety and fuel economy are sterling examples of: a. order winners. b. the voice of the engineer. c. order qualifiers. d. the voice of the customer. Answer: a Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: order winner
- 21. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 18 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 73. You are interested in buying a laptop computer. Your list of considerations include the computer’s speed in processing data, its weight, screen size, and price. You consider a number of different models, and narrow your list based on speed and monitor screen size, then finally select a model to buy based on its weight and price. In this decision, weight and price are examples of: a. order qualifiers. b. the voice of the supplier. c. order winners. d. the voice of the customer. Answer: c Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: order winner 74. You are interested in buying a laptop computer. Your list of considerations include the computer’s speed in processing data, its weight, screen size and price. You consider a number of different models, and narrow your list based on its speed and monitor screen size, then finally select a model to buy based on its weight and price. In this decision, speed and monitor screen size are examples of: a. order winners. b. the voice of the supplier. c. the voice of the customer. d. order qualifiers. Answer: d Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: order qualifier 75. An ethnic restaurant, in serving a lovely, four-hour, seven-course dinner for two for $250, is giving particular emphasis to which dimension of competitive priorities? a. Price b. Consistent quality c. Delivery speed d. Top quality Answer: d Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: quality, competitive priority 76. Quickly filling a customer’s order is evidence of: a. delivery speed. b. lead time. c. development speed. d. variety. Answer: a Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: delivery speed
- 22. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 19 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 77. Using an airline example for competitive priorities, the process capability of handling service needs of all market segments and promotional programs would be best described by: a. top quality. b. variety. c. consistent quality. d. delivery speed. Answer: b Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: variety, competitive priorities 78. A company’s ability to reconfigure processes to meet diverse types of customer needs would be best described by: a. top quality. b. variety. c. customization. d. delivery speed. Answer: c Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: customization, competitive priorities 79. A company’s ability to quickly introduce a new service or product would be best described as: a. volume flexibility. b. variety. c. consistent quality. d. development speed. Answer: d Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: development speed, competitive priorities 80. A company’s ability to support varying rates of production is best described as: a. volume flexibility. b. variety. c. consistent quality. d. development speed. Answer: a Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: volume flexibility, competitive priorities
- 23. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 20 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 81. In an assembly operation at a furniture factory, six employees assembled an average of 450 custom cabinet drawers per 5-day week. What is the labor productivity of this operation? a. 90 chairs per worker per day b. 20 chairs per worker per day c. 15 chairs per worker per day d. 75 chairs per worker per day Answer: c Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: labor productivity 82. A process produces 5000 units of output that yield $6 per unit. Resources contributed to this output are 200 hours of labor at $15 per hour, materials at $700 and overhead at $300. What is the labor productivity? a. 20 units per hour b. 25 units per hour c. 30 units per hour d. 40 units per hour Answer: b Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: labor productivity 83. The manager of a landscaping company is trying to determine the best crew size to use for laying sod for new construction homes. She has tried various crew sizes, with the results shown below. Based on productivity, which crew size averages the greatest productivity in square yards installed per week? Crew Size 2 4 3 3 4 2 Square Yards Installed Per Week 716 1298 1017 1002 1278 702 a. 2-person crew b. 3-person crew c. 4-person crew d. Either a 3- or 4-person crew can be selected; their productivities are both higher than the 2-person crew . Answer: a Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: labor productivity
- 24. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 21 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 84. A manufacturing process requires 12 minutes of labor to make 10 units of production. Which of the following actions will increase productivity? 1. Increase labor per 10 units of production 2. Decrease labor per 10 units of production 3. Increase number of units per 10 minutes of labor 4. Decrease number of units per 12 minutes of labor a. 1. and 3. only b. 2. and 4. only c. 1. and 4. only d. 2. and 3. only Answer: d Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: labor productivity 85. The Burdell Company makes tee shirts on an assembly line that works 5 days per week and uses 5 workers. Over the past 4 weeks, the line has produced 16,000 shirts. The line’s productivity for the 4-week period is a. 20 shirts per worker per day. b. 50 shirts per worker per day. c. 160 shirts per worker per day. d. 400 shirts per worker per day. Answer: c Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: labor productivity 86. The details of weekly output and input for a fabrication process are as follows: output is 400 units, with a standard selling price of $100 per unit. For the week, total labor costs are: 10 workers at 40 hours for the week, paid $15 per hour. Total material costs for the 400 units are $5,000. Weekly overhead is charged at the rate of 1.5 times the labor costs. What is the multifactor productivity for the week? a. 0.02 b. 0.75 c. 1.50 d. 2.00 Answer: d Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Easy Keywords: multifactor productivity
- 25. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 22 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 87. Use the information provided in Table 1.2. What is the multi-factor productivity of the current process? a. Less than or equal to 8.0 b. Greater than 8.0 but less than or equal to 10.0 c. Greater than 10.0 but less than or equal to 12.0 d. Greater than 12.0 Answer: c Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: multifactor productivity 88. Use the information provided in Table 1.2. What is the multi-factor productivity of the new process? a. Less than or equal to 8.0 b. Greater than 8.0 but less than or equal to 10.0 c. Greater than 10.0 but less than or equal to 12.0 d. Greater than 12.0 Answer: d Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: multifactor productivity 89. Use the information provided in Table 1.2. Based on your productivity calculations, what decision should you make? a. implement the new process b. stay with the current process c. need more information to make a decision d. either process is acceptable (since the multi-factor productivities are the same) Answer: a Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: multifactor productivity Table 1.2 The Abco Company manufactures electrical assemblies. The current process uses 10 workers and produces 200 units per hour. You are considering changing the process with new assembly methods that increase output to 300 units per hour, but will require 14 workers. Particulars are as follows: CURRENT PROCESS NEW PROCESS OUTPUT (UNITS / HOUR) 200 300 NUMBER OF WORKERS 10 14 MATERIAL COST / HOUR $120 $150 Workers are paid at a rate of $10 per hour, and overhead is charged at 140% (or 1.4 times) labor costs. Finished switches sell for $20 / unit.
- 26. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 23 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 90. It takes the Blacksburg shipyard twenty six weeks with 500 workers to build a small tanker. Material costs are $32 million and overhead costs are $2 million. Workers cost $40 per hour including benefits and work 40 hours per week. The ship sells for $75 million. What is the multifactor productivity ratio? a. Less than 1.0 b. Greater than 1.0 but less than or equal to 2.0 c. Greater than 2.0 but less than or equal to 3.0 d. Greater than 3.0 Answer: b Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: multifactor productivity 91. Which of the following would be considered an advantage of global competition? a. ability to safeguard proprietary technology in working with offshore suppliers b. a recent climate of low political risk and lessening nationalization c. high levels of worker skills in foreign countries mean less required training d. strong global competition and increased worldwide demand Answer: d Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: global competition FILL IN THE BLANK 92. Operations management refers to the systematic design, direction, and control of ___________ that transform ____________ into products and services. Answer: processes, inputs Reference: Operations Management Across the Organization Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: process, input, transform, product, service 93. A(n) ________ is any activity or group of activities that takes one or more inputs, transforms and adds value to them, and provides one or more outputs for its customers. Answer: process Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: process, activity, input, value 94. The cumulative work of the processes of a firm is a(n) ________________. Answer: supply chain Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: processes, supply chain
- 27. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 24 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 95. ________________ provide vital resources and inputs to core processes. Answer: Support processes Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: support process, core process 96. A firm gains competitive advantage by outperforming competitors in terms of competitive priorities, which fall into four major groups: _____________, ____________, _____________, and _____________. Answer: cost, quality, time, flexibility Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: competitive priorities, cost, quality, time, flexibility 97. _____________ is the elapsed time between receiving a customer’s order and filling it. Answer: Lead time Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: time, delivery speed 98. _____________ is how industrial buyers often refer to delivery speed. Answer: Lead time Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: lead time, delivery speed 99. _____________ measures the frequency with which delivery-time promises are met. Answer: On-time delivery Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: on-time delivery 100. _____________ is the ability to accelerate or decelerate the rate of production quickly to handle large fluctuations in demand. Answer: Volume flexibility Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Easy Keywords: volume flexibility, demand fluctuations 101. A strategy that focuses on the competitive priorities of delivery speed and development speed is _____________. Answer: time-based competition Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: time-based competition, competitive priority
- 28. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 25 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 102. Every sub-contractor knew that their quality had to be excellent to be considered for the project; it was their ability to deliver on time that would secure the lucrative contract. Quality was recognized as being an ______________ but on- time was the ______________. Answer: order qualifier; order winner Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: order qualifier, order winner 103. Productivity is defined as __________ divided by____________. Answer: output, input Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: output, input, productivity SHORT ANSWERS 104. List and briefly describe five differences between services and manufacturing. Provide examples to illustrate your arguments. Answer: Manufactured Goods Services Physical, durable products Intangible, perishable products Output can be produced, stored, and transported Can’t be produced and stored Low customer contact Customers can be part of the input and part of the process Have days to deliver Must be offered within minutes Regional, national, or international markets Local markets Large facilities Small facilities Capital intensive Labor intensive Quality easily measured Quality not easily measured Examples will vary. Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: manufacturing process, service process 105. Identify a large employer in your hometown. Describe this organization’s inputs, processes, and outputs. Answer: Answers will vary based on the employer selected. Reference: A Process View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: input, process, output
- 29. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 26 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 106. What are four core processes in a firm and how are they related? Answer: The customer relationship process identifies, attracts, and builds relationships with external customers and facilitates the placement of orders. The order fulfillment process includes activities required to produce and deliver the service or product to the external customer. The new service/product development process designs and develops new services or products, which may be to customer specifications. The supplier relationship process selects the suppliers of services, materials, and information and facilitates the flow of these items into the firm. All of these processes exist to provide a service or product to the customer. Reference: The Supply Chain View Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: core process, customer relationship, service/product development, order fulfillment, supplier relationship 107. Explain what an operations strategy is and the importance of competitive priorities. Give an example from an organization (public or private, manufacturing or service). Answer: An operations strategy is the means by which operations implements the firm’s corporate strategy. Competitive priorities are the key capabilities that operations must develop to compete successfully in a market segment. Possible competitive priorities include low-cost operation, high-performance design, consistent quality, delivery speed, on-time delivery, development speed, customization, and volume flexibility. Examples will vary. Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: operations strategy competitive priorities 108. Name the two competitive priorities for quality and give an example of each. Answer: The two competitive priorities are top quality, which is the determination of the level of operations performance required in making a product or performing a service, and consistent quality, which measures the frequency with which the product or service meets design specifications. Examples will vary. Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities, top quality, consistent quality 109. Name the three competitive priorities for time, and give an example of each. Answer: The three competitive priorities for time are delivery speed, on-time delivery, and development speed. Delivery speed refers to the elapsed time between receiving a customer’s order and filling it. On-time delivery measures the frequency with which delivery-time promises are met. Development speed measures how quickly a new product or service is introduced. Examples will vary. Reference: Competitive Priorities and Capabilities Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: competitive priorities, delivery speed, on-time delivery, development speed
- 30. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 27 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 110. How has global competition affected productivity? Cite specific examples and reference the productivity equation to support your thesis. Answer: Examples will vary; students should argue that the increase in global competition has increased productivity for those firms that have survived. Firms that fail (or have already failed) to effectively compete with new competition suffer from reduced sales, so the numerator in the productivity equation will be lower, perhaps without a commensurate decrease in the denominator, resulting in reduced productivity. Firms that are effectively competing against global competition probably have higher levels of productivity. Global operations might include cheaper or better raw materials and labor, resulting in a smaller denominator and higher productivity. Global competition might also inject new management techniques and leaner operations if some services are outsourced to specialist companies. Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: productivity, raw materials, labor, management techniques, lean operations, outsourcing PROBLEMS 111. Barry’s Tire Service completed 100 tire changes, six brake jobs, and 16 alignments in an eight-hour day with his standard crew of six mechanics. A brake specialist costs $16 per hour, a tire changer costs $8 per hour, and an alignment mechanic costs $14 per hour. The materials cost for a day was $2000, and overhead cost was $500. a. What is the shop’s labor productivity if the retail price for each respective service is $60, $150, and $40? b. What is the multifactor productivity, if the crew consisted of two of each type mechanic? Answer: a. (100 60 6 150 16 40) $157 6 8 hr b. {(100 60) (6 150) (16 40)} 2.43 {(2 8 16) (2 8 8) (2 8 14) 2000 500} Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: labor productivity, multifactor productivity
- 31. Chapter 1 Competing with Operations 28 Copyright ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 112. Consider the information in Table 1.3. a. Calculate the multifactor productivity for the current process b. Calculate the multifactor productivity for the new process c. Determine if the new process should be implemented Answer: a. (200)($20) $4,000 11.11 (10)($10) $120 (1.4)(10)($10) $360 b. (300)($20) $6,000 12.35 (14)($10) $150 (1.4)(14)($10) $486 c. The new process increases multifactor productivity and should be implemented. Reference: Trends in Operations Management Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: labor productivity, multifactor productivity Table 1.3 The Abco Company manufactures electrical assemblies. The current process uses 10 workers and produces 200 units per hour. You are considering changing the process with new assembly methods that increase output to 300 units per hour, but will require 14 workers. Particulars are as follows: CURRENT PROCESS NEW PROCESS OUTPUT (UNITS / HOUR) 200 300 NUMBER OF WORKERS 10 14 MATERIAL COST / HOUR $120 $150 Workers are paid at a rate of $10 per hour, and overhead is charged at 140% (or 1.4 times) labor costs. Finished switches sell for $20 / unit.
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- 33. play with them. He sits silent and motionless, with his hands on his knees, his head bent forward, and his eyes fixed upon you. I could think of nothing like it but a setter and a covey of partridges. As to President Davis, he sank to profounder deeps of abuse of him than even Gonzales. I quoted Yancey: “A crew may not like their captain, but if they are mad enough to mutiny while a storm is raging, all hands are bound to go to the bottom.” After that I contented myself with a mild shake of the head when I disagreed with him, and at last I began to shake so persistently it amounted to incipient palsy. “Jeff Davis,” he said, “is conceited, wrong-headed, wranglesome, obstinate—a traitor.” “Now I have borne much in silence,” said I at last, “but that is pernicious nonsense. Do not let us waste any more time listening to your quotations from the Mercury.” He very good-naturedly changed the subject, which was easy just then, for a delicious supper was on the table ready for us. But Doctor Gibbes began anew the fighting. He helped me to some pâté —“Not foie gras,” said Madame Togno, “pâté perdreaux.” Doctor Gibbes, however, gave it a flavor of his own. “Eat it,” said he, “it is good for you; rich and wholesome; healthy as cod-liver oil.” A queer thing happened. At the post-office a man saw a small boy open with a key the box of the Governor and the Council, take the contents of the box and run for his life. Of course, this man called to the urchin to stop. The urchin did not heed, but seeing himself pursued, began tearing up the letters and papers. He was caught and the fragments were picked up. Finding himself a prisoner, he pointed out the negro who gave him the key. The negro was arrested. Governor Pickens called to see me to-day. We began with Fort Sumter. For an hour did we hammer at that fortress. We took it, gun by gun. He was very pleasant and friendly in his manner. James Chesnut has been so nice this winter; so reasonable and considerate—that is, for a man. The night I came from Madame Togno’s, instead of making a row about the lateness of the hour, he
- 34. said he was “so wide awake and so hungry.” I put on my dressing- gown and scrambled some eggs, etc., there on our own fire. And with our feet on the fender and the small supper-table between us, we enjoyed the supper and glorious gossip. Rather a pleasant state of things when one’s own husband is in good humor and cleverer than all the men outside. This afternoon, the entente cordiale still subsisting, Maum Mary beckoned me out mysteriously, but Mr. Chesnut said: “Speak out, old woman; nobody here but myself.” “Mars Nathum Davis wants to speak to her,” said she. So I hurried off to the drawing-room, Maum Mary flapping her down-at-the-heels shoes in my wake. “He’s gwine bekase somebody done stole his boots. How could he stay bedout boots?” So Nathan said good-by. Then we met General Gist, Maum Mary still hovering near, and I congratulated him on being promoted. He is now a brigadier. This he received with modest complaisance. “I knowed he was a general,” said Maum Mary as he passed on, “he told me as soon as he got in his room befo’ his boy put down his trunks.” As Nathan, the unlucky, said good-by, he informed me that a Mr. Reed from Montgomery was in the drawing-room and wanted to see me. Mr. Reed had traveled with our foreign envoy, Yancey. I was keen for news from abroad. Mr. Reed settled that summarily. “Mr. Yancey says we need not have one jot of hope. He could bowstring Mallory for not buying arms in time. The very best citizens wanted to depose the State government and take things into their own hands, the powers that be being inefficient. Western men are hurrying to the front, bestirring themselves. In two more months we shall be ready.” What could I do but laugh? I do hope the enemy will be considerate and charitable enough to wait for us. Mr. Reed’s calm faith in the power of Mr. Yancey’s eloquence was beautiful to see. He asked for Mr. Chesnut. I went back to our rooms, swelling with news like a pouter pigeon. Mr. Chesnut said: “Well! four hours—a call from Nathan Davis of four hours!” Men are too absurd! So I bear the honors of my forty years gallantly. I can
- 35. but laugh. “Mr. Nathan Davis went by the five-o’clock train,” I said; “it is now about six or seven, maybe eight. I have had so many visitors. Mr. Reed, of Alabama, is asking for you out there.” He went without a word, but I doubt if he went to see Mr. Reed, my laughing had made him so angry. At last Lincoln threatens us with a proclamation abolishing slavery[75]—here in the free Southern Confederacy; and they say McClellan is deposed. They want more fighting—I mean the government, whose skins are safe, they want more fighting, and trust to luck for the skill of the new generals. March 28th.—I did leave with regret Maum Mary. She was such a good, well-informed old thing. My Molly, though perfection otherwise, does not receive the confidential communications of new- made generals at the earliest moment. She is of very limited military information. Maum Mary was the comfort of my life. She saved me from all trouble as far as she could. Seventy, if she is a day, she is spry and active as a cat, of a curiosity that knows no bounds, black and clean; also, she knows a joke at first sight, and she is honest. I fancy the negroes are ashamed to rob people as careless as James Chesnut and myself. One night, just before we left the Congaree House, Mr. Chesnut had forgotten to tell some all-important thing to Governor Gist, who was to leave on a public mission next day. So at the dawn of day he put on his dressing-gown and went to the Governor’s room. He found the door unlocked and the Governor fast asleep. He shook him. Half-asleep, the Governor sprang up and threw his arms around Mr. Chesnut’s neck and said: “Honey, is it you?” The mistake was rapidly set right, and the bewildered plenipotentiary was given his instructions. Mr. Chesnut came into my room, threw himself on the sofa, and nearly laughed himself to extinction, imitating again and again the pathetic tone of the Governor’s greeting. Mr. Chesnut calls Lawrence “Adolphe,” but says he is simply perfect as a servant. Mary Stevens said: “I thought Cousin James the laziest man alive until I knew his man, Lawrence.” Lawrence will
- 36. not move an inch or lift a finger for any one but his master. Mrs. Middleton politely sent him on an errand; Lawrence, too, was very polite; hours after, she saw him sitting on the fence of the front yard. “Didn’t you go?” she asked. “No, ma’am. I am waiting for Mars Jeems.” Mrs. Middleton calls him now, “Mr. Take-it-Easy.” My very last day’s experience at the Congaree. I was waiting for Mars Jeems in the drawing-room when a lady there declared herself to be the wife of an officer in Clingman’s regiment. A gentleman who seemed quite friendly with her, told her all Mr. Chesnut said, thought, intended to do, wrote, and felt. I asked: “Are you certain of all these things you say of Colonel Chesnut?” The man hardly deigned to notice this impertinent interruption from a stranger presuming to speak but who had not been introduced! After he went out, the wife of Clingman’s officer was seized with an intuitive curiosity. “Madam, will you tell me your name?” I gave it, adding, “I dare say I showed myself an intelligent listener when my husband’s affairs were under discussion.” At first, I refused to give my name because it would have embarrassed her friend if she had told him who I was. The man was Mr. Chesnut’s secretary, but I had never seen him before. A letter from Kate says she had been up all night preparing David’s things. Little Serena sat up and helped her mother. They did not know that they would ever see him again. Upon reading it, I wept and James Chesnut cursed the Yankees. Gave the girls a quantity of flannel for soldiers’ shirts; also a string of pearls to be raffled for at the Gunboat Fair. Mary Witherspoon has sent a silver tea-pot. We do not spare our precious things now. Our silver and gold, what are they?—when we give up to war our beloved. April 2d.—Dr. Trezevant, attending Mr. Chesnut, who was ill, came and found his patient gone; he could not stand the news of that last battle. He got up and dressed, weak as he was, and went forth to hear what he could for himself. The doctor was angry with me for permitting this, and more angry with him for such folly. I made him
- 37. listen to the distinction between feminine folly and virulent vagaries and nonsense. He said: “He will certainly be salivated after all that calomel out in this damp weather.” To-day, the ladies in their landaus were bitterly attacked by the morning paper for lolling back in their silks and satins, with tall footmen in livery, driving up and down the streets while the poor soldiers’ wives were on the sidewalks. It is the old story of rich and poor! My little barouche is not here, nor has James Chesnut any of his horses here, but then I drive every day with Mrs. McCord and Mrs. Preston, either of whose turnouts fills the bill. The Governor’s carriage, horses, servants, etc., are splendid—just what they should be. Why not? April 14th.—Our Fair is in full blast. We keep a restaurant. Our waitresses are Mary and Buck Preston, Isabella Martin, and Grace Elmore. April 15th.—Trescott is too clever ever to be a bore; that was proved to-day, for he stayed two hours; as usual, Mr. Chesnut said “four.” Trescott was very surly; calls himself ex-Secretary of State of the United States; now, nothing in particular of South Carolina or the Confederate States. Then he yawned, “What a bore this war is. I wish it was ended, one way or another.” He speaks of going across the border and taking service in Mexico. “Rubbish, not much Mexico for you,” I answered. Another patriot came then and averred, “I will take my family back to town, that we may all surrender together. I gave it up early in the spring.” Trescott made a face behind backs, and said: “Lache!” The enemy have flanked Beauregard at Nashville. There is grief enough for Albert Sidney Johnston now; we begin to see what we have lost. We were pushing them into the river when General Johnston was wounded. Beauregard was lying in his tent, at the rear, in a green sickness—melancholy—but no matter what the name of the malady. He was too slow to move, and lost all the advantage gained by our dead hero.[76] Without him there is no head to our Western army. Pulaski has fallen. What more is there to fall?
- 38. April 15th.—Mrs. Middleton: “How did you settle Molly’s little difficulty with Mrs. McMahan, that ‘piece of her mind’ that Molly gave our landlady?” “Oh, paid our way out of it, of course, and I apologized for Molly!” Gladden, the hero of the Palmettos in Mexico, is killed. Shiloh has been a dreadful blow to us. Last winter Stephen, my brother, had it in his power to do such a nice thing for Colonel Gladden. In the dark he heard his name, also that he had to walk twenty-five miles in Alabama mud or go on an ammunition wagon. So he introduced himself as a South Carolinian to Colonel Gladden, whom he knew only by reputation as colonel of the Palmetto regiment in the Mexican war. And they drove him in his carriage comfortably to where he wanted to go—a night drive of fifty miles for Stephen, for he had the return trip, too. I would rather live in Siberia, worse still, in Sahara, than live in a country surrendered to Yankees. The Carolinian says the conscription bill passed by Congress is fatal to our liberties as a people. Let us be a people “certain and sure,” as poor Tom B. said, and then talk of rebelling against our home government. Sat up all night. Read Eothen straight through, our old Wiley and Putnam edition that we bought in London in 1845. How could I sleep? The power they are bringing to bear against our country is tremendous. Its weight may be irresistible—I dare not think of that, however. April 21st.—Have been ill. One day I dined at Mrs. Preston’s, pâté de foie gras and partridge prepared for me as I like them. I had been awfully depressed for days and could not sleep at night for anxiety, but I did not know that I was bodily ill. Mrs. Preston came home with me. She said emphatically: “Molly, if your mistress is worse in the night send for me instantly.” I thought it very odd. I could not breathe if I attempted to lie down, and very soon I lost my voice. Molly raced out and sent Lawrence for Doctor Trezevant. She said I had the croup. The doctor said, “congestion of the lungs.”
- 39. So here I am, stranded, laid by the heels. Battle after battle has occurred, disaster after disaster. Every morning’s paper is enough to kill a well woman and age a strong and hearty one. To-day, the waters of this stagnant pool were wildly stirred. The President telegraphed for my husband to come on to Richmond, and offered him a place on his staff. I was a joyful woman. It was a way opened by Providence from this Slough of Despond, this Council whose counsel no one takes. I wrote to Mr. Davis, “With thanks, and begging your pardon, how I would like to go.” Mrs. Preston agrees with me, Mr. Chesnut ought to go. Through Mr. Chesnut the President might hear many things to the advantage of our State, etc. Letter from Quinton Washington. That was the best tonic yet. He writes so cheerfully. We have fifty thousand men on the Peninsula and McClellan eighty thousand. We expect that much disparity of numbers. We can stand that. April 23d.—On April 23, 1840, I was married, aged seventeen; consequently on the 31st of March, 1862, I was thirty-nine. I saw a wedding to-day from my window, which opens on Trinity Church. Nanna Shand married a Doctor Wilson. Then, a beautiful bevy of girls rushed into my room. Such a flutter and a chatter. Well, thank Heaven for a wedding. It is a charming relief from the dismal litany of our daily song. A letter to-day from our octogenarian at Mulberry. His nephew, Jack Deas, had two horses shot under him; the old Colonel has his growl, “That’s enough for glory, and no hurt after all.” He ends, however, with his never-failing refrain: We can’t fight all the world; two and two only make four; it can’t make a thousand; numbers will not lie. He says he has lost half a million already in railroad bonds, bank stock, Western notes of hand, not to speak of negroes to be freed, and lands to be confiscated, for he takes the gloomiest views of all things. April 26th.—Doleful dumps, alarm-bells ringing. Telegrams say the mortar fleet has passed the forts at New Orleans. Down into the
- 40. very depths of despair are we. April 27th.—New Orleans gone[77] and with it the Confederacy. That Mississippi ruins us if lost. The Confederacy has been done to death by the politicians. What wonder we are lost. The soldiers have done their duty. All honor to the army. Statesmen as busy as bees about their own places, or their personal honor, too busy to see the enemy at a distance. With a microscope they were examining their own interests, or their own wrongs, forgetting the interests of the people they represented. They were concocting newspaper paragraphs to injure the government. No matter how vital it may be, nothing can be kept from the enemy. They must publish themselves, night and day, what they are doing, or the omniscient Buncombe will forget them. This fall of New Orleans means utter ruin to the private fortunes of the Prestons. Mr. Preston came from New Orleans so satisfied with Mansfield Lovell and the tremendous steam-rams he saw there. While in New Orleans Burnside offered Mr. Preston five hundred thousand dollars, a debt due to him from Burnside, and he refused to take it. He said the money was safer in Burnside’s hands than his. And so it may prove, so ugly is the outlook now. Burnside is wide awake; he is not a man to be caught napping. Mary Preston was saying she had asked the Hamptons how they relished the idea of being paupers. If the country is saved none of us will care for that sort of thing. Philosophical and patriotic, Mr. Chesnut came in, saying: “Conrad has been telegraphed from New Orleans that the great iron-clad Louisiana went down at the first shot.” Mr. Chesnut and Mary Preston walked off, first to the bulletin- board and then to the Prestons’. April 29th.—A grand smash, the news from New Orleans fatal to us. Met Mr. Weston. He wanted to know where he could find a place of safety for two hundred negroes. I looked into his face to see if he were in earnest; then to see if he were sane. There was a certain set of two hundred negroes that had grown to be a nuisance.
- 41. Apparently all the white men of the family had felt bound to stay at home to take care of them. There are people who still believe negroes property—like Noah’s neighbors, who insisted that the Deluge would only be a little shower after all. These negroes, however, were Plowden Weston’s, a totally different part of speech. He gave field-rifles to one company and forty thousand dollars to another. He is away with our army at Corinth. So I said: “You may rely upon Mr. Chesnut, who will assist you to his uttermost in finding a home for these people. Nothing belonging to that patriotic gentleman shall come to grief if we have to take charge of them on our own place.” Mr. Chesnut did get a place for them, as I said he would. Had to go to the Governor’s or they would think we had hoisted the black flag. Heard there we are going to be beaten as Cortez beat the Mexicans—by superior arms. Mexican bows and arrows made a poor showing in the face of Spanish accoutrements. Our enemies have such superior weapons of war, we hardly any but what we capture from them in the fray. The Saxons and the Normans were in the same plight. War seems a game of chess, but we have an unequal number of pawns to begin with. We have knights, kings, queens, bishops, and castles enough. But our skilful generals, whenever they can not arrange the board to suit them exactly, burn up everything and march away. We want them to save the country. They seem to think their whole duty is to destroy ships and save the army. Mr. Robert Barnwell wrote that he had to hang his head for South Carolina. We had not furnished our quota of the new levy, five thousand men. To-day Colonel Chesnut published his statement to show that we have sent thirteen thousand, instead of the mere number required of us; so Mr. Barnwell can hold up his head again. April 30th.—The last day of this month of calamities. Lovell left the women and children to be shelled, and took the army to a safe place. I do not understand why we do not send the women and
- 42. children to the safe place and let the army stay where the fighting is to be. Armies are to save, not to be saved. At least, to be saved is not their raison d’être exactly. If this goes on the spirit of our people will be broken. One ray of comfort comes from Henry Marshall. “Our Army of the Peninsula is fine; so good I do not think McClellan will venture to attack it.” So mote it be. May 6th.—Mine is a painful, self-imposed task: but why write when I have nothing to chronicle but disaster?[78] So I read instead: First, Consuelo, then Columba, two ends of the pole certainly, and then a translated edition of Elective Affinities. Food enough for thought in every one of this odd assortment of books. At the Prestons’, where I am staying (because Mr. Chesnut has gone to see his crabbed old father, whom he loves, and who is reported ill), I met Christopher Hampton. He tells us Wigfall is out on a war-path; wants them to strike for Maryland. The President’s opinion of the move is not given. Also Mr. Hampton met the first lieutenant of the Kirkwoods, E. M. Boykin. Says he is just the same man he was in the South Carolina College. In whatever company you may meet him, he is the pleasantest man there. A telegram reads: “We have repulsed the enemy at Williamsburg.”[79] Oh, if we could drive them back “to their ain countree!” Richmond was hard pressed this day. The Mercury of to- day says, “Jeff Davis now treats all men as if they were idiotic insects.” Mary Preston said all sisters quarreled. No, we never quarrel, I and mine. We keep all our bitter words for our enemies. We are frank heathens; we hate our enemies and love our friends. Some people (our kind) can never make up after a quarrel; hard words once only and all is over. To us forgiveness is impossible. Forgiveness means calm indifference; philosophy, while love lasts. Forgiveness of love’s wrongs is impossible. Those dutiful wives who piously overlook —well, everything—do not care one fig for their husbands. I settled that in my own mind years ago. Some people think it magnanimous
- 43. to praise their enemies and to show their impartiality and justice by acknowledging the faults of their friends. I am for the simple rule, the good old plan. I praise whom I love and abuse whom I hate. Mary Preston has been translating Schiller aloud. We are provided with Bulwer’s translation, Mrs. Austin’s, Coleridge’s, and Carlyle’s, and we show how each renders the passage Mary is to convert into English. In Wallenstein at one point of the Max and Thekla scene, I like Carlyle better than Coleridge, though they say Coleridge’s Wallenstein is the only translation in the world half so good as the original. Mrs. Barstow repeated some beautiful scraps by Uhland, which I had never heard before. She is to write them for us. Peace, and a literary leisure for my old age, unbroken by care and anxiety! General Preston accused me of degenerating into a boarding- house gossip, and is answered triumphantly by his daughters: “But, papa, one you love to gossip with full well.” Hampton estate has fifteen hundred negroes on Lake Washington, Mississippi. Hampton girls talking in the language of James’s novels: “Neither Wade nor Preston—that splendid boy!—would lay a lance in rest—or couch it, which is the right phrase for fighting, to preserve slavery. They hate it as we do.” “What are they fighting for?” “Southern rights—whatever that is. And they do not want to be understrappers forever to the Yankees. They talk well enough about it, but I forget what they say.” Johnny Chesnut says: “No use to give a reason—a fellow could not stay away from the fight—not well.” It takes four negroes to wait on Johnny satisfactorily. It is this giving up that kills me. Norfolk they talk of now; why not Charleston next? I read in a Western letter, “Not Beauregard, but the soldiers who stopped to drink the whisky they had captured from the enemy, lost us Shiloh.” Cock Robin is as dead as he ever will be now; what matters it who killed him?
- 44. May 12th.—Mr. Chesnut says he is very glad he went to town. Everything in Charleston is so much more satisfactory than it is reported. Troops are in good spirits. It will take a lot of ironclads to take that city. Isaac Hayne said at dinner yesterday that both Beauregard and the President had a great opinion of Mr. Chesnut’s natural ability for strategy and military evolution. Hon. Mr. Barnwell concurred; that is, Mr. Barnwell had been told so by the President. “Then why did not the President offer me something better than an aideship?” “I heard he offered to make you a general last year, and you said you could not go over other men’s shoulders until you had earned promotion. You are too hard to please.” “No, not exactly that, I was only offered a colonelcy, and Mr. Barnwell persuaded me to stick to the Senate; then he wanted my place, and between the two stools I fell to the ground.” My Molly will forget Lige and her babies, too. I asked her who sent me that beautiful bouquet I found on my center-table. “I give it to you. ’Twas give to me.” And Molly was all wriggle, giggle, blush. May 18th.—Norfolk has been burned and the Merrimac sunk without striking a blow since her coup d’état in Hampton Roads. Read Milton. See the speech of Adam to Eve in a new light. Women will not stay at home; will go out to see and be seen, even if it be by the devil himself. Very encouraging letters from Hon. Mr. Memminger and from L. Q. Washington. They tell the same story in very different words. It amounts to this: “Not one foot of Virginia soil is to be given up without a bitter fight for it. We have one hundred and five thousand men in all, McClellan one hundred and ninety thousand. We can stand that disparity.” What things I have been said to have said! Mr. —— heard me make scoffing remarks about the Governor and the Council—or he thinks he heard me. James Chesnut wrote him a note that my name was to be kept out of it—indeed, that he was never to mention my
- 45. name again under any possible circumstances. It was all preposterous nonsense, but it annoyed my husband amazingly. He said it was a scheme to use my chatter to his injury. He was very kind about it. He knows my real style so well that he can always tell my real impudence from what is fabricated for me. There is said to be an order from Butler[80] turning over the women of New Orleans to his soldiers. Thus is the measure of his iniquities filled. We thought that generals always restrained, by shot or sword if need be, the brutality of soldiers. This hideous, cross- eyed beast orders his men to treat the ladies of New Orleans as women of the town—to punish them, he says, for their insolence. Footprints on the boundaries of another world once more. Willie Taylor, before he left home for the army, fancied one day—day, remember—that he saw Albert Rhett standing by his side. He recoiled from the ghostly presence. “You need not do that, Willie. You will soon be as I am.” Willie rushed into the next room to tell them what had happened, and fainted. It had a very depressing effect upon him. And now the other day he died in Virginia. May 24th.—The enemy are landing at Georgetown. With a little more audacity where could they not land? But we have given them such a scare, they are cautious. If it be true, I hope some cool- headed white men will make the negroes save the rice for us. It is so much needed. They say it might have been done at Port Royal with a little more energy. South Carolinians have pluck enough, but they only work by fits and starts; there is no continuous effort; they can’t be counted on for steady work. They will stop to play—or enjoy life in some shape. Without let or hindrance Halleck is being reenforced. Beauregard, unmolested, was making some fine speeches—and issuing proclamations, while we were fatuously looking for him to make a tiger’s spring on Huntsville. Why not? Hope springs eternal in the Southern breast.
- 46. My Hebrew friend, Mem Cohen, has a son in the war. He is in John Chesnut’s company. Cohen is a high name among the Jews: it means Aaron. She has long fits of silence, and is absent-minded. If she is suddenly roused, she is apt to say, with overflowing eyes and clasped hands, “If it please God to spare his life.” Her daughter is the sweetest little thing. The son is the mother’s idol. Mrs. Cohen was Miriam de Leon. I have known her intimately all my life. Mrs. Bartow, the widow of Colonel Bartow, who was killed at Manassas, was Miss Berrien, daughter of Judge Berrien, of Georgia. She is now in one of the departments here, cutting bonds— Confederate bonds—for five hundred Confederate dollars a year, a penniless woman. Judge Carroll, her brother-in-law, has been urgent with her to come and live in his home. He has a large family and she will not be an added burden to him. In spite of all he can say, she will not forego her resolution. She will be independent. She is a resolute little woman, with the softest, silkiest voice and ways, and clever to the last point. Columbia is the place for good living, pleasant people, pleasant dinners, pleasant drives. I feel that I have put the dinners in the wrong place. They are the climax of the good things here. This is the most hospitable place in the world, and the dinners are worthy of it. In Washington, there was an endless succession of state dinners. I was kindly used. I do not remember ever being condemned to two dull neighbors: on one side or the other was a clever man; so I liked Washington dinners. In Montgomery, there were a few dinners—Mrs. Pollard’s, for instance, but the society was not smoothed down or in shape. Such as it was it was given over to balls and suppers. In Charleston, Mr. Chesnut went to gentlemen’s dinners all the time; no ladies present. Flowers were sent to me, and I was taken to drive and asked to tea. There could not have been nicer suppers, more perfect of their kind than were to be found at the winding up of those festivities.
- 47. In Richmond, there were balls, which I did not attend—very few to which I was asked: the MacFarlands’ and Lyons’s, all I can remember. James Chesnut dined out nearly every day. But then the breakfasts—the Virginia breakfasts—where were always pleasant people. Indeed, I have had a good time everywhere—always clever people, and people I liked, and everybody so good to me. Here in Columbia, family dinners are the specialty. You call, or they pick you up and drive home with you. “Oh, stay to dinner!” and you stay gladly. They send for your husband, and he comes willingly. Then comes a perfect dinner. You do not see how it could be improved; and yet they have not had time to alter things or add because of the unexpected guests. They have everything of the best —silver, glass, china, table linen, and damask, etc. And then the planters live “within themselves,” as they call it. From the plantations come mutton, beef, poultry, cream, butter, eggs, fruits, and vegetables. It is easy to live here, with a cook who has been sent for training to the best eating-house in Charleston. Old Mrs. Chesnut’s Romeo was apprenticed at Jones’s. I do not know where Mrs. Preston’s got his degree, but he deserves a medal. At the Prestons’, James Chesnut induced Buck to declaim something about Joan of Arc, which she does in a manner to touch all hearts. While she was speaking, my husband turned to a young gentleman who was listening to the chatter of several girls, and said: “Écoutez!” The youth stared at him a moment in bewilderment; then, gravely rose and began turning down the gas. Isabella said: “Écoutez, then, means put out the lights.” I recall a scene which took place during a ball given by Mrs. Preston while her husband was in Louisiana. Mrs. Preston was resplendent in diamonds, point lace, and velvet. There is a gentle dignity about her which is very attractive; her voice is low and sweet, and her will is iron. She is exceedingly well informed, but very quiet, retiring, and reserved. Indeed, her apparent gentleness
- 48. almost amounts to timidity. She has chiseled regularity of features, a majestic figure, perfectly molded. Governor Manning said to me: “Look at Sister Caroline. Does she look as if she had the pluck of a heroine?” Then he related how a little while ago William, the butler, came to tell her that John, the footman, was drunk in the cellar—mad with drink; that he had a carving-knife which he was brandishing in drunken fury, and he was keeping everybody from their business, threatening to kill any one who dared to go into the basement. They were like a flock of frightened sheep down there. She did not speak to one of us, but followed William down to the basement, holding up her skirts. She found the servants scurrying everywhere, screaming and shouting that John was crazy and going to kill them. John was bellowing like a bull of Bashan, knife in hand, chasing them at his pleasure. Mrs. Preston walked up to him. “Give me that knife,” she demanded. He handed it to her. She laid it on the table. “Now come with me,” she said, putting her hand on his collar. She led him away to the empty smoke-house, and there she locked him in and put the key in her pocket. Then she returned to her guests, without a ripple on her placid face. “She told me of it, smiling and serene as you see her now,” the Governor concluded. Before the war shut him in, General Preston sent to the lakes for his salmon, to Mississippi for his venison, to the mountains for his mutton and grouse. It is good enough, the best dish at all these houses, what the Spanish call “the hearty welcome.” Thackeray says at every American table he was first served with “grilled hostess.” At the head of the table sat a person, fiery-faced, anxious, nervous, inwardly murmuring, like Falstaff, “Would it were night, Hal, and all were well.” At Mulberry the house is always filled to overflowing, and one day is curiously like another. People are coming and going, carriages driving up or driving off. It has the air of a watering-place, where one does not pay, and where there are no strangers. At Christmas the china closet gives up its treasures. The glass, china, silver, fine
- 49. linen reserved for grand occasions come forth. As for the dinner itself, it is only a matter of greater quantity—more turkey, more mutton, more partridges, more fish, etc., and more solemn stiffness. Usually a half-dozen persons unexpectedly dropping in make no difference. The family let the housekeeper know; that is all. People are beginning to come here from Richmond. One swallow does not make a summer, but it shows how the wind blows, these straws do—Mrs. “Constitution” Browne and Mrs. Wise. The Gibsons are at Doctor Gibbes’s. It does look squally. We are drifting on the breakers. May 29th.—Betsey, recalcitrant maid of the W.’s, has been sold to a telegraph man. She is as handsome as a mulatto ever gets to be, and clever in every kind of work. My Molly thinks her mistress “very lucky in getting rid of her.” She was “a dangerous inmate,” but she will be a good cook, a good chambermaid, a good dairymaid, a beautiful clear-starcher, and the most thoroughly good-for-nothing woman I know to her new owners, if she chooses. Molly evidently hates her, but thinks it her duty “to stand by her color.” Mrs. Gibson is a Philadelphia woman. She is true to her husband and children, but she does not believe in us—the Confederacy, I mean. She is despondent and hopeless; as wanting in faith of our ultimate success as is Sally Baxter Hampton. I make allowances for those people. If I had married North, they would have a heavy handful in me just now up there. Mrs. Chesnut, my mother-in-law, has been sixty years in the South, and she has not changed in feeling or in taste one iota. She can not like hominy for breakfast, or rice for dinner, without a relish to give it some flavor. She can not eat watermelons and sweet potatoes sans discrétion, as we do. She will not eat hot corn bread à discrétion, and hot buttered biscuit without any. “Richmond is obliged to fall,” sighed Mrs. Gibson. “You would say so, too, if you had seen our poor soldiers.” “Poor soldiers?” said I. “Are you talking of Stonewall Jackson’s men? Poor soldiers, indeed!”
- 50. She said her mind was fixed on one point, and had ever been, though she married and came South: she never would own slaves. “Who would that was not born to it?” I cried, more excited than ever. She is very handsome, very clever, and has very agreeable manners. “Dear madam,” she says, with tears in her beautiful eyes, “they have three armies.” “But Stonewall has routed one of them already. Heath another.” She only answered by an unbelieving moan. “Nothing seemed to suit her,” I said, as we went away. “You did not certainly,” said some one to me; “you contradicted every word she said, with a sort of indignant protest.” We met Mrs. Hampton Gibbes at the door—another Virginia woman as good as gold. They told us Mrs. Davis was delightfully situated at Raleigh; North Carolinians so loyal, so hospitable; she had not been allowed to eat a meal at the hotel. “How different from Columbia,” said Doctor Gibbes, looking at Mrs. Gibson, who has no doubt been left to take all of her meals at his house. “Oh, no!” cried Mary, “you do Columbia injustice. Mrs. Chesnut used to tell us that she was never once turned over to the tender mercies of the Congaree cuisine, and at McMahan’s it is fruit, flowers, invitations to dinner every day.” After we came away, “Why did you not back me up?” I was asked. “Why did you let them slander Columbia?” “It was awfully awkward,” I said, “but you see it would have been worse to let Doctor Gibbes and Mrs. Gibson see how different it was with other people.” Took a moonlight walk after tea at the Halcott Greens’. All the company did honor to the beautiful night by walking home with me. Uncle Hamilton Boykin is here, staying at the de Saussures’. He says, “Manassas was play to Williamsburg,” and he was at both battles. He lead a part of Stuart’s cavalry in the charge at Williamsburg, riding a hundred yards ahead of his company. Toombs is ready for another revolution, and curses freely everything Confederate from the President down to a horse boy. He
- 51. thinks there is a conspiracy against him in the army. Why? Heavens and earth—why? June 2d.—A battle[81] is said to be raging round Richmond. I am at the Prestons’. James Chesnut has gone to Richmond suddenly on business of the Military Department. It is always his luck to arrive in the nick of time and be present at a great battle. Wade Hampton shot in the foot, and Johnston Pettigrew killed. A telegram says Lee and Davis were both on the field: the enemy being repulsed. Telegraph operator said: “Madam, our men are fighting.” “Of course they are. What else is there for them to do now but fight?” “But, madam, the news is encouraging.” Each army is burying its dead: that looks like a drawn battle. We haunt the bulletin-board. Back to McMahan’s. Mem Cohen is ill. Her daughter, Isabel, warns me not to mention the battle raging around Richmond. Young Cohen is in it. Mrs. Preston, anxious and unhappy about her sons. John is with General Huger at Richmond; Willie in the swamps on the coast with his company. Mem tells me her cousin, Edwin de Leon, is sent by Mr. Davis on a mission to England. Rev. Robert Barnwell has returned to the hospital. Oh, that we had given our thousand dollars to the hospital and not to the gunboat! “Stonewall Jackson’s movements,” the Herald says, “do us no harm; it is bringing out volunteers in great numbers.” And a Philadelphia paper abused us so fervently I felt all the blood in me rush to my head with rage. June 3d.—Doctor John Cheves is making infernal machines in Charleston to blow the Yankees up; pretty name they have, those machines. My horses, the overseer says, are too poor to send over. There was corn enough on the place for two years, they said, in January; now, in June, they write that it will not last until the new crop comes in. Somebody is having a good time on the plantation, if it be not my poor horses.
- 52. Molly will tell me all when she comes back, and more. Mr. Venable has been made an aide to General Robert E. Lee. He is at Vicksburg, and writes, “When the fight is over here, I shall be glad to go to Virginia.” He is in capital spirits. I notice army men all are when they write. Apropos of calling Major Venable “Mr.” Let it be noted that in social intercourse we are not prone to give handles to the names of those we know well and of our nearest and dearest. A general’s wife thinks it bad form to call her husband anything but “Mr.” When she gives him his title, she simply “drops” into it by accident. If I am “mixed” on titles in this diary, let no one blame me. Telegrams come from Richmond ordering troops from Charleston. Can not be sent, for the Yankees are attacking Charleston, doubtless with the purpose to prevent Lee’s receiving reenforcements from there. Sat down at my window in the beautiful moonlight, and tried hard for pleasant thoughts. A man began to play on the flute, with piano accompaniment, first, “Ever of thee I am fondly dreaming,” and then, “The long, long, weary day.” At first, I found this but a complement to the beautiful scene, and it was soothing to my wrought-up nerves. But Von Weber’s “Last Waltz” was too much; I broke down. Heavens, what a bitter cry came forth, with such floods of tears! the wonder is there was any of me left. I learn that Richmond women go in their carriages for the wounded, carry them home and nurse them. One saw a man too weak to hold his musket. She took it from him, put it on her shoulder, and helped the poor fellow along. If ever there was a man who could control every expression of emotion, who could play stoic, or an Indian chief, it is James Chesnut. But one day when he came in from the Council he had to own to a break-down. He was awfully ashamed of his weakness. There was a letter from Mrs. Gaillard asking him to help her, and he tried to read it to the Council. She wanted a permit to go on to her
- 53. son, who lies wounded in Virginia. Colonel Chesnut could not control his voice. There was not a dry eye there, when suddenly one man called out, “God bless the woman.” Johnston Pettigrew’s aide says he left his chief mortally wounded on the battle-field. Just before Johnston Pettigrew went to Italy to take a hand in the war there for freedom, I met him one day at Mrs. Frank Hampton’s. A number of people were present. Some one spoke of the engagement of the beautiful Miss —— to Hugh Rose. Some one else asked: “How do you know they are engaged?” “Well, I never heard it, but I saw it. In London, a month or so ago, I entered Mrs. ——’s drawing-room, and I saw these two young people seated on a sofa opposite the door.” “Well, that amounted to nothing.” “No, not in itself. But they looked so foolish and so happy. I have noticed newly engaged people always look that way.” And so on. Johnston Pettigrew was white and red in quick succession during this turn of the conversation; he was in a rage of indignation and disgust. “I think this kind of talk is taking a liberty with the young lady’s name,” he exclaimed finally, “and that it is an impertinence in us.” I fancy him left dying alone! I wonder what they feel—those who are left to die of their wounds—alone—on the battle-field. Free schools are not everything, as witness this spelling. Yankee epistles found in camp show how illiterate they can be, with all their boasted schools. Fredericksburg is spelled “Fredrexbirg,” medicine, “metison,” and we read, “To my sweat brother,” etc. For the first time in my life no books can interest me. Life is so real, so utterly earnest, that fiction is flat. Nothing but what is going on in this distracted world of ours can arrest my attention for ten minutes at a time. June 4th.—Battles occur near Richmond, with bombardment of Charleston. Beauregard is said to be fighting his way out or in. Mrs. Gibson is here, at Doctor Gibbes’s. Tears are always in her eyes. Her eldest son is Willie Preston’s lieutenant. They are down on the coast. She owns that she has no hope at all. She was a Miss Ayer, of Philadelphia, and says, “We may look for Burnside now, our
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