The document discusses the ineffective outcomes of education and labor market policies for the lowest attaining students since 2011, indicating that certain policies may have inadvertently raised academic barriers. It highlights that while there has been some variation in post-16 learning opportunities, a lack of clear evidence remains for effective approaches for very low attaining young people. The text stresses the necessity for distinct policy solutions tailored to the needs of the lowest attaining students to avoid unintended consequences.