The power of Open Geospatial Data to improve development outcomes
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The document discusses how open geospatial data can improve development outcomes. It provides examples of how regional spatial analysis can support analytic work, planning, monitoring, sectoral coordination, and donor coordination. A case study of Bolivia shows how spatial analysis was used to better target public investments, strengthen monitoring of aid flows and development goals, and enhance donor coordination. Key findings included unequal distribution of projects relative to poverty levels and lagging progress in reaching development goals in poorer highland regions. The document argues for refocusing aid to target these regions.
The power of Open Geospatial Data to improve development outcomes
- 1. The power of Open Geospatial Data to improve development outcomes Björn-Sören Gigler bgigler@worldbank.org 23.May 2009 Twitter: bgigler
- 2. Regional Spatial Analysis can support: 1) Analytic Work • Highlight geographic distribution of poverty and inequalities within countries • Display and analyze different dimensions of poverty 2) Planning • Improve targeting of public investment programs • Raise awareness of policy makers (disaster risks) 3) Monitoring • Integrate Poverty Maps into results-based M&E • Better monitor development impact (MDGs) at the national and sub-national level
- 3. Regional Spatial analysis can support: 3) Sectoral Coordination • Carry out cross-sectoral analysis • Enhance the coordination of different sectoral programs 4) Donor Coordination • Analyze the geographic distribution of aid flows • Improve the coordination of donors and support aid harmonization 5) Transparency • Enhance the participation of stakeholders in decision-making processes
- 4. International Pillar PEGASYS • instrument to monitor the contribution of Bank- funded projects towards achieving the MDGs. • provides information about the MDGs and the Bank’s project portfolio • enables users to carry out cross-country comparisons & trend analysis • information can be analyzed at the global, regional, or country level
- 6. PEGASYS : WB Projects
- 7. Spatial Portfolio Review: Disaster Management
- 8. Country Pillar • Support the design of national development plans and sectoral investment programs • Improve targeting of public investments to reach vulnerable groups in poor regions • Track geographic flow of public investments &ODA • Enhance the capacity of government to monitor the MDG’s at the national & sub-national level • Strengthen the monitoring of aid flows to local governments (i.e HIPIC) • Identify overlays of donor programs and enhance donor coordination
- 9. Bolivia: Case Study National Development Plan: • New Government emphasizes spatial dimension (territory) • Constitutional Change: Creation of Regional Government based on common geographic, ethnic & cultural aspects • Ministry of Planning has prioritized programs to specific regions (146 municipalities) • Development with Identity (Community/region and not sector at the center)
- 10. Bolivia— Government Objectives - Improve targeting of public investments to reach vulnerable groups in poor regions (146 and 31 municipalities) - Strategic planning and enhance coordination of different donor programs - Strengthen the monitoring of aid flows (i.e. to local governments through HIPIC) - Improve efficiency of existing programs (results-oriented) - Enhance transparency of government programs - Improve the participation of civil society and poor communities
- 11. Bolivia- Bank program Policy Notes & ISN • Identifies donor coordination & harmonization as a key issue • Mentions the Aid Management Platform and the use of GIS M& E project: • support the Ministry of Planning in developing a M&E system for the National development Plan • Enhance the capacity of government to monitor the MDG’s at the national & sub-national level IDF on Aid Effectiveness: • strengthen capacity of VM of Public Investments & External Financing to track & monitor the flow of ODA • Improve the coordination/ harmonization of ODA among donors
- 12. Bolivia- Bank program Development Gateway- Aid Management Platform • E-Government solution, which provides governments with a tool to plan, monitor and evaluate public investments • Track geographic flow of public investments & ODA • Identify overlays of donor programs and enhance donor coordination Spatial Poverty & Human Development Analysis • Analysis of regional disparities in poverty and human development • Use of Poverty Maps • Spatial WB-Portfolio Analysis • Spatial Analysis of IDTR project
- 13. Spatial Poverty Analysis • Visualize trends in poverty and socio-economic indicators • Illustrate important regional and social differences • Geographic dimension of growth & poverty can add value to the preparation of CAS and AAA • Overlay of geographic focus of Country Program with poverty data • Enhance the portfolio monitoring by adding geography of projects • Improve the coordination of projects from different sectors (i.e. transport & education) • Use Maps for policy dialogue with governments and donors (i.e. disaster risk)
- 14. Poverty Reduction at the National Level
- 15. Levels of Extreme Poverty (under $1) in 2001 at the department level 40.4% 42.4% 39.0% 46.3% 66.7% 25.1% 41.0% 34.7% 61.5% 32.8% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% BoliviaC huquisaca La Paz C ochabam ba O ruro Potosí TarijaSanta Cruz Beni Pando
- 16. MDG Monitoring – Incidence of Extreme Poverty (2001)
- 18. High levels of poverty • High correlation between poverty and being indigenous Bolivia: Poverty Rate by Area and Et hnicity, 2001 Et hnic Group I ndigenous Non-I ndigenous Total Rural 87.0% 71.7% 81.1% Urban 67.8% 50.6% 53.7% Nat ional 80.7% 55.4% 64.1% Ethnic group defined on mother tongue and language spoken. Source: Own calculations based on MECOVI 2001.
- 21. Reduction in Infant Mortality Rates at the national level Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000) 89 76 67 63 54 52 0 20 40 60 80 100 1989 1995 1998 2000 2003 2005
- 22. Important Regional Difference in Infant Mortality Rates Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) in 2003 54 67 52 61 88 72 29 39 33 33 0 20 40 60 80 100 BoliviaC huquisaca La Paz C ochabam ba O ruro Potosí TarijaSanta Cruz Beni Pando
- 23. Change in Infant Mortality Rates (1992-2003) at the department level
- 24. Change in Infant Mortality Rates (1992-2003) at the municipal level
- 25. Improved Health Services at the national level Birth attended by skilled staff (in %) 25 33 43 51 6058 54 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 2003 2005 Birth attended by skilled staff (in %)
- 26. Change in Births Attended by Skilled Staff (2001-2005) at Department level
- 27. Change in Births Attended by Skilled Staff (2001-2005) at Municipal level
- 28. Georeferencing of WB projects • Georeferencing of all WB- projects in Bolivia • Concentration of projects in certain regions • Spatial Sector Analysis • Analysis of Regional Resource Flow • Two states did not have any targeted project (only national) • Overlay with spatial poverty and human development analysis • Initiated Spatial Public Investment Review (ODA)
- 29. Number of World Bank-Financed Projects FY 2007
- 30. World Bank Financed Projects by Sector
- 31. WB project count in Resources
- 33. Key Findings on MDG analysis • Important improvements in the MDGs at the national level, however not in the poorest regions (highlands) • Important progress in lowering poverty in lowlands (Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando and Tarija) • Important improvements in Infant & Maternal Mortality Rates at the national level • Departments in the highlands continue to lag behind in reaching the MDGs • Extreme poverty levels have remained stagnant at high levels in the highlands • Infant mortality rates have worsened in 58 municipalities (La Paz, Cochabamba, Potosi) • Birth rates attended by skilled workers have worsened in several highland municipalities
- 34. Key Findings on Spatial Portfolio Analysis • Unequal geographic distribution of World Bank- financed projects in relation to location of poverty • Out of 9 projects (6 investment loans) there are 4 (2) national projects and 5 (4) sub-national projects • Concentration of WB projects in Santa Cruz region, in spite of its relatively low levels of poverty • No sub-national project in Beni and Pando • Improved targeting of extremely poor regions of highlands needed • Relatively few projects in Chuquisaca 5 (2 investment loans) in spite of severe poverty
- 35. Uses of Inter-active Mapping tools in Country Programs • Geographic dimension of growth & poverty can add value to the preparation of CAS and AAA • Overlay of geographic focus of Country Program with poverty data • Visualize trends in poverty and socio-economic indicators • Enhance the portfolio monitoring by adding geography of projects • Improve the coordination of projects from different sectors (i.e. transport & education) • Use Maps for policy dialogue with governments and donors (i.e. disaster risk)
- 36. Uses of Inter-active Mapping tools in Country Programs • Enhance the monitoring of MDGs at the national and sub-national levels; • Establish stronger linkages between specific projects and their contribution to the MDGs • Enhance donor coordination & aid harmonization • Strengthen the Information dissemination and participation of stakeholders
- 37. Policy Implications • Refocus Country Program to target poorest regions (i.e. Chuquisaca, Potosi, Cochabamba) • To reach the MDGs a special focus on the poorest regions & socio-economic groups is necessary • Establish stronger linkages between specific projects and their contribution to the MDGs • Targeted Anti-Poverty Intervention for poorest municipalities (i.e. malnutrition) • Improved donor coordination & harmonization needed (SWAP interventions) • Better M&E of Public Investments needed (local & regional governments)