The Redundancy Principle
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- 2. Hey, Here’s the introduction: Have you ever experienced ‘Death by Powerpoint’? Slides with graphics, explained by text that is endlessly narrated word-for-word by an instructor or audio sound track. It is termed ‘Death by Powerpoint’ because you either feel like your head is going to explode or you zone out because you cannot process the information.
- 3. This training module is intended for ISD students learning to use multi- media elements in training presentations. Click ‘Next’ above and follow the Redundancy Journey. Start with the ‘Learning Objectives’ and work your way through the journey, to learn more about this principle and how using its guidelines can help your training presentations.
- 4. After completing this instructional module, you will be able to define the Redundancy Principle and determine if its guidelines are being utilized or violated in a presentation. 4/17/2011 4
- 5. You will accomplish this journey by clicking the icon on the bottom and navigating the Redundancy Journey to: Learn the definition of the Redundancy Principle and its exceptions. View examples of the Redundancy Principle guidelines in practice and violations of those Principles Take The Several Challenges to test your knowledge. 4/17/2011 5
- 8. What is Redundancy Principle? The redundancy principle states complex on-screen graphics are explained through audio narration and with text that also presented on the screen at the same time; learning is hindered under such instructional context.
- 9. The following example is very confusing. Please do NOT do this!
- 10. Redundant Use Text used to explain Visual input taken in graphics or as bullet points from combined use of Text in conjunction with graphics and Graphics Graphics in the form of graphs, pictures or illustrations Overload! Narration that reads the text to reinforce the Auditory reinforcement graphic through narration of text
- 11. Proper Use OR
- 12. Redundancy Principle • Proper Use • Redundant Use – Text + Narration – Text + Narration+ – Graphics + Narration Graphics • Outcomes • Outcomes – Rich Presentation – Crowded – Enhanced learning Presentation transfer – Depressed learning
- 13. One of six media element principles defined by Ruth Clark as a result of research by Richard Mayer. The Redundancy Principle: When using multi-media in an instructional setting, Explaining graphics with a combination of text and redundant narration can depress learning due to overload of working memory. 4/17/2011 13
- 14. Exceptions to the Redundancy Principle: Graphics with audio narration Text with audio narration Graphics and text (without audio narration) Use of graphics, text, and audio narration if learner has poor reading skills Violations of the Redundancy Principle in a presentation, can result in “Death by Powerpoint!” 4/17/2011 14
- 15. Choose Challenge Level Click here to see game instructions and get started… Easy Medium Hard 4/17/2011 15
- 16. If you achieve this goal… you can get… 4/17/2011 16
- 17. If you achieve this goal… you can get… 4/17/2011 17
- 18. If you achieve this goal… you can get… 4/17/2011 18
- 19. Game Instructions In order to get the final prizes, you must need to pass through the whole process: easy (two questions), medium (two questions) and hard (two questions) A 10 second timer is shown on the first five questions to help you keep pace through the challenge. Once you start, the only options are to continue through the questions or return to the menu page. After all, we have a review section to help you enhance your knowledge. You can click on Home tab to review the lesson during the challenge to help you retrieve the knowledge. 4/17/2011 19
- 20. 00 05 04 06 08 01 02 03 07 09 10 Q1: The Redundancy Principle states you should never repeat a word more than once during a training session Sorry. You ran out of time! is 1 of 6 media principles defined by Ruth Clark based on Richard Mayer’s research Click “Menu” to proceed is part of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity states you should only use one type of media when training
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- 22. Feedback: The Redundancy Principle is 1 of 6 media principles defined by Ruth Clark based on Richard Mayer’s research. 4/17/2011 22
- 23. 00 05 04 06 08 01 02 03 07 09 10 Q2: The Redundancy Principle is violated when text & graphic are used together Sorry. You ran out of time! when text is narrated Click graphics are narrated when “Menu” to proceed when text & graphics are combined with redundant narration
- 24. Feedback: The Redundancy Principle is violated when text & graphics are combined with redundant narration. 4/17/2011 24
- 25. Congratulations!! You can get… Want something more?… 4/17/2011 25
- 26. 00 05 04 06 08 01 02 03 07 09 10 Q3: Learning may not be depressed if text & graphics are combined with redundant narration if the learner has poor reading skills Sorry. YouTrue of time! ran out Click “Menu” to proceed False
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- 28. Feedback: Learning may not be depressed if text & graphics are combined with redundant narration if the learner has poor reading skills is a true statement. 4/17/2011 28
- 29. 00 05 04 06 08 01 02 03 07 09 10 Q4: All uses of graphics & text in a presentation violate the Redundancy Principle. Sorry. YouTrue of time! ran out Click “Menu” to proceed False
- 30. Feedback: NOT All uses of graphics & text in a presentation violate the Redundancy Principle. 4/17/2011 30
- 31. Congratulations!! You can get… Want something more?… 4/17/2011 31
- 32. 00 05 04 06 08 01 02 03 07 09 10 Q5: Violation of the Redundancy principle causes an overload in Working Memory Long You ran out of time! Sorry. Term Memory Click “Menu” to proceed Shallow Memory Embedded Memory
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- 34. Feedback: Violation of the Redundancy principle causes an overload in working memory. 4/17/2011 34
- 35. Q6: The Redundancy Principle OR This slide violates the Redundancy Principle This slide does not violate the Redundancy Principle
- 36. Feedback: The slide shown does not violate the Redundancy Principle because it includes graphics narrated by audio. 4/17/2011 36
- 37. Congratulations!! Awesome!! You can get… 4/17/2011 37
- 38. 1) The Redundancy Principle is 1 of 6 media principles defined by Ruth Clark based on Richard Mayer’s research. 2) The Redundancy Principle is violated when text & graphics are combined with redundant narration. 3) NOT All uses of graphics & text in a presentation violate the Redundancy Principle. 4/17/2011 38
- 39. 4) Learning may not be depressed if text & graphics are combined with redundant narration if the learner has poor reading skills is a true statement. 5) Violation of the Redundancy principle causes an overload in working memory. 6) The slide shown does not violate the Redundancy Principle because it includes graphics narrated by audio. 4/17/2011 39
- 40. Congratulations again !! Awesome!! You have successfully completed this instructional module! Now you should be equipped to know when the Redundancy Principle is being applied in a presentation and how to use it to save your learners from “Death by Powerpoint!” Thanks for joining us! See you next time! 4/17/2011 40
Editor's Notes
- #30: Question 3C / C