Theory of everything ppt
- 1. Theory of EverythingTheory of Everything STEPHENSTEPHEN HAWKINGHAWKING Prepared by :- VIRAJ SHAH
- 2. AUTHOR :- STEPHEN HAWKINGAUTHOR :- STEPHEN HAWKING • BORN-8 January 1942BORN-8 January 1942 • PLACE OF BIRTH-Oxford , EnglandPLACE OF BIRTH-Oxford , England • PARENTS-Isobel hawking & Frank hawkingPARENTS-Isobel hawking & Frank hawking • Occupation-Theoretical physicOccupation-Theoretical physic • Thesis-properties of expanding universeThesis-properties of expanding universe • Famous theories-Hawking radiation &Famous theories-Hawking radiation & Hawking-penrose theoremHawking-penrose theorem • Alma mater-Oxford university(graduate)Alma mater-Oxford university(graduate) cambridge university(PHDcambridge university(PHD))
- 3. THE BOOKTHE BOOK • This book is a set of seven lectures onThis book is a set of seven lectures on various components of universevarious components of universe • This book was originally published in 1996This book was originally published in 1996 • A film has also been made on StephenA film has also been made on Stephen hawking named after this bookhawking named after this book • Except this Stephen hawking has writtenExcept this Stephen hawking has written 95 other books out of which “universe in95 other books out of which “universe in nutshell", "a brief history of time” & ”theorynutshell", "a brief history of time” & ”theory of everything” are most famousof everything” are most famous
- 4. Point of ViewPoint of View • This book is written in a simple languageThis book is written in a simple language no mathematical equation is used in itno mathematical equation is used in it • Everything is explained using logic andEverything is explained using logic and simple examples instead of mathematicalsimple examples instead of mathematical assumptions and higher mathematicalassumptions and higher mathematical equationequation • Although it is assumed that the reader isAlthough it is assumed that the reader is aware with classical physics and quantumaware with classical physics and quantum mechanical phenomenons .mechanical phenomenons .
- 6. What is a Theory of Everything ???What is a Theory of Everything ??? • The unification ofThe unification of General Relativity andGeneral Relativity and Quantum MechanicsQuantum Mechanics • Relationship betweenRelationship between the four fundamentalthe four fundamental forcesforces • Explains properties ofExplains properties of fundamental particlesfundamental particles
- 7. • It explains the ideas about beginning universeIt explains the ideas about beginning universe that used to be and that are just nowthat used to be and that are just now • It is in chronological order of occurrence of ideasIt is in chronological order of occurrence of ideas that where in past to that are in presentthat where in past to that are in present • It explains everything from earlier earth centricIt explains everything from earlier earth centric views to heliocentric views of Galileo andviews to heliocentric views of Galileo and Copernicus to freedmen theory of big bangCopernicus to freedmen theory of big bang • It also states the proving of newton wrong as heIt also states the proving of newton wrong as he believed in static universe and Einsteinbelieved in static universe and Einstein introducing cosmological constant in his theoryintroducing cosmological constant in his theory to keep universe staticto keep universe static
- 8. • It is all about black holesIt is all about black holes • It explains the formation of black holes ,It explains the formation of black holes , neutron stars and white dwarfsneutron stars and white dwarfs • Their conditions of existence given byTheir conditions of existence given by an Indian sciencetist dr.chandrashakeran Indian sciencetist dr.chandrashaker which are till now in considerationwhich are till now in consideration • Black holes detection in a system calledBlack holes detection in a system called Cygnus XICygnus XI • It also states about event horizon andIt also states about event horizon and effects of black hole on space timeeffects of black hole on space time fabric as a singularityfabric as a singularity
- 9. • It explains a totally different things aboutIt explains a totally different things about black holes that even black holes radiateblack holes that even black holes radiate to not violate second law ofto not violate second law of thermodynamicthermodynamic • It was a theory proposed by StephenIt was a theory proposed by Stephen hawking and his student dr.penrose thathawking and his student dr.penrose that black hole also emit radiation equivalent toblack hole also emit radiation equivalent to energy proportion of mass that is suckedenergy proportion of mass that is sucked in itin it • It also explains in detail about primordialIt also explains in detail about primordial black holes(small black hole) and the ironyblack holes(small black hole) and the irony that smaller black holes are easier tothat smaller black holes are easier to detect than larger onesdetect than larger ones
- 10. • It is again about the origin of universeIt is again about the origin of universe by inflationary theory which do not haveby inflationary theory which do not have singularities in starting of universesingularities in starting of universe where all classical physic laws failwhere all classical physic laws fail (even GTOR)(even GTOR) • It states about imaginary timeIt states about imaginary time dimension that moves parallel to spacedimension that moves parallel to space • In this lecture he also explains aboutIn this lecture he also explains about quantum gravity and no boundaryquantum gravity and no boundary condition of time which is finitecondition of time which is finite
- 11. • It explains about direction of timeIt explains about direction of time • It explains it with three arrows of timeIt explains it with three arrows of time • (a)thermodynamical arrow(a)thermodynamical arrow • (b)psycological arrow(b)psycological arrow (c)cosmological arrow(c)cosmological arrow He also prints his misunderstandingHe also prints his misunderstanding about cosmological andabout cosmological and thermodynamical arrow of time havingthermodynamical arrow of time having opposite direction if universe wasopposite direction if universe was shrinkig insead of expandingshrinkig insead of expanding
- 12. • In this lecture he thinks of a unified theoryIn this lecture he thinks of a unified theory of physics that could explain all otherof physics that could explain all other theories (partial) with only one explainationtheories (partial) with only one explaination • All forces and their reason of existance willAll forces and their reason of existance will be covered in this theorybe covered in this theory • String theory a theory which he thinks isString theory a theory which he thinks is very close to this unified theory of physicsvery close to this unified theory of physics is also explained in thisis also explained in this • But string theory is not considered valid tillBut string theory is not considered valid till now as for the existance of string theorynow as for the existance of string theory there has to be either “26” or “10”there has to be either “26” or “10” dimensions while we belive in only 4dimensions while we belive in only 4 dimensions 3 of space and one of timedimensions 3 of space and one of time