translation-107.ppt
- 1. EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.
- 2. • Puns, idioms are culture bound and cannot be translated. • Dagut says that they are unique and “semantic novelties” which cannot be replicated and this leads to “reproduction” rather than translation. • Leads to the problem of equivalence. Adequacy can be found, but equivalence? • Results from relations between signs – who writes them and who deciphers them. • Not a search for sameness as sameness cannot exist. Equivalence?
- 3. Catford • Catford defines translation as "the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” • The central problem of translation practice is that of finding TL translation equivalents. • Distinguishes between formal correspondence and textual equivalence. • Formal correspondence occurs between languages which have similar structures. • Textual equivalence is a problem when translation happens in texts which have different structures. He calls these ‘translation shifts.’ Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.
- 4. Albrecht Neubert • Neubrecht distinguishes between the study of translation as a process and a product. • The first one is a dynamic model and the second one a static model. • The missing link between both, according to him, is the theory of equivalence relations. • Claims that equivalence must be considered a semiotic category with a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic component. Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.
- 5. Eugene Nida • Distinguishes two types of equivalence – formal and dynamic. • Formal equivalence – focus is on the message with reference to form and content – translation of sentence into sentence, structure into structure, genre into genre. • He calls formal equivalence as ‘gloss translation’ with importance given to SL context. • Dynamic equivalence – based on the ‘equivalent effect’ (relationship between TL writer and audience should mirror that of the SL writer and audience) - speculative and can lead to unhappy conclusions in translation. Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.
- 6. Types of Equivalence- Popovic (1) Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level of both SL and TL texts, i.e. word for word translation. (2) Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of ‘the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis’, i.e. elements of grammar, which Popovič sees as being a higher category than lexical equivalence. (3) Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is ‘functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning’. (4) Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is equivalence of the syntagmatic structuring of a text, i.e. equivalence of form and shape. No matter how different the translation are, they will maintain the ‘invariant core’ of the text. Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.
- 7. Adaptation • One of the techniques of translation. • Something specific in a culture is translated to something different, but having the same relationship to the reader in the TL culture. • Happens when something in the SL does not exist in the TL. • The text is manipulated in order to suit the audience for which it is intended. • Eg. Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night was adapted into She’s The Man, to suit 20th century teenage audiences. Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.
- 8. THANK YOU Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.