Understanding ourselves...and others - with a little help from Synapsys
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The document discusses various theories and concepts related to human personality, intelligence, and learning styles, emphasizing the influence of both genetics and environment. It explores different personality types based on historical theories, notably including Dr. William Marston's work, and outlines Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory which challenges the traditional IQ concept. Additionally, the document addresses brain hemispheric dominance and learning preferences, aiming to provide insights into personal development and workplace dynamics.
Understanding ourselves...and others - with a little help from Synapsys
- 1. Understanding Yourself and Others around you … …with a little help from Synapsys Professional Interpretive Assessments By Parakram Doors Synapsys At Neuroscience Research Laboratory, PGIMER, Chandigarh
- 2. What will we discover ? • Nature v/s Nurture • Human Personality • Human Intelligence – MI Theory • Brain Hemispheric Dominance • Learning Methods – V/A/K • Learning Motivations ….. And how to understand ourselves…and others
- 3. Tabula rasa or Innatism ?
- 4. Tabula rasa – an epistemological theory which proposes that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that knowledge comes only from experience and perception Are we born as ‘clean slates’ ?
- 5. Perhaps, a bit of both….
- 6. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck
- 7. Photo by Hussain Isa - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/50076792@N00 Created with Haiku Deck HUMAN PERSONALITY
- 8. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which referred to a theatrical mask work by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities. "Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior." (Feist and Feist, 2009)
- 9. Dr William Marston’s Theory first propounded in 1920 in his book – ‘Emotions of Normal People’. Acknowledged as the most enduring and acceptable theory of human personality. It is used widely as the DISC Methodology for Personality determination
- 10. Photo by Kevin Celedón - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/81465146@N05 Created with Haiku Deck The 4 Personality Types
- 11. Photo by bhagath makka - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/21788184@N05 Created with Haiku Deck STABLE
- 12. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck Emphasis : Cooperates with others within existing circumstances to carry out task. Tendencies : • Demonstrates patience • Develops specialized skills • Helps others willingly • Performs consistently • Shows loyalty • Listens patiently • Flourishes in a stable environment • Predictable • Friendly Preferred Environment : • Maintenance of status quo • Predictable routines • Minimal work infringement on home life • Thrives on sincere appreciation • Identifies with a group and is not individualistic • Avoids conflict
- 13. Photo by Pink Sherbet Photography - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/40645538@N00 Created with Haiku Deck COMPLIANT
- 14. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck Emphasis : Works conscientiously within existing circumstances to ensure quality and accuracy Tendencies : • Concentrates on key details • Tends to be diplomatic and courteous • Fanatical about accuracy • Seeks perfection • Adheres to rules, regulations, directives and standards • Thinks analytically • Uses indirect approaches to conflicts • Uses systematic approach to situations • Fact finder, Precise • Careful and cautious Preferred Environment : • Clearly defined performance expectations • Reserved, business-like atmosphere • Control over factors that affect their performance • Recognition of specific skills and accomplishments
- 15. Photo by DaDooDa - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/46194018@N00 Created with Haiku Deck ENTHUSIASTIC/EXHUBERANT
- 16. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck Emphasis : Shapes the environment by influencing or persuading others Tendencies : • Eager to meet people and socialize • Wants to create a good impression • Articulates very well and is a good conversationalist • Creates a motivational environment • Entertains people and believes in a ‘fun’ atmosphere • Can be overly optimistic • Loves to work in groups and being with people • Can be very persuasive • Can be impulsive and spontaneous • Can be very expressive and comfortable with expressing emotions • Can be very enthusiastic and charming Preferred Environment : • Popularity and Social Recognition • Public recognition of ability • Freedom of Expression • Group activities outside of job • Freedom from control and detail • Favorable work environment
- 17. ASSERTIVE
- 18. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck Emphasis : Shapes the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results • Tendencies : • Strives for immediate results • Believes in causing action • Accepts challenges • Takes quick decisions • Questions status quo • Relishes authority • Likes to manage situations and solving problems • Task and achievement oriented • Can take risks • Egoistic Preferred Environment : • Power and authority • Prestige and challenge • Direct answers • Wide scope of operations • Opportunities for individual accomplishment • Opportunity for self advancement • Freedom from direct control and supervision by others • Likes new and varied activities
- 20. Photo by kevin dooley - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/12836528@N00 Created with Haiku Deck •Respect for many differences among people •Multiple variations in the way they learn •Several modes of assessment •An infinite number of ways in which they can leave a mark on the world The Essence of MI Theory
- 21. 1904 Alfred Binet, a French Psychologist was asked by the Minister of Public instruction to devise a test to find out which primary grade children were ‘at risk’ for failure. The ‘IQ’ Test was the result The metrics of intelligence
- 22. Photo by mynameisharsha - Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/27526538@N07 Created with Haiku Deck ‘IQ’ dominated the scene until 1983 Dr Gardner proposed the MI Theory ‘IQ’ is too narrow a concept …and there are at least 8 different ways a person can be ‘intelligent’
- 24. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck Gardner’s Definition of Intelligence Intelligence is the ability to solve problems or fashion products that are of consequence in a particular cultural setting or community.
- 25. Photo by ianmunroe - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/86838704@N00 Created with Haiku Deck Intelligence - or only an ability ? 1. Potential isolation by brain damage 2. Existence of savants, prodigies, exceptional individuals 3. Distinctive developmental history 4. Evolutionary history 5. Psychometric/Psychological support 6. Identifiable core operations 7. Symbol System
- 27. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck • Capacity to use words effectively – orator, story teller, poet, journalist • Ability to manipulate syntax (structure), phonology (sound), semantics (meaning), rhetoric (convincing), mnemonics (remembering), explanation (informing/educating) LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE – Word Smart !
- 28. Logical - Mathematical Intelligence
- 29. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck • Capacity to use numbers effectively – mathematician, statistician. • Capacity to reason – scientist, software programmer. • Sensitivity to logical patterns and relationships • If-then, cause-effect, inference, abstractions MATHEMATICAL-LOGICAL- Number Smart
- 30. Photo by woodleywonderworks - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/73645804@N00 Created with Haiku Deck Visual - Spatial
- 31. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck VISUAL –SPATIAL – Picture Smart ! • Ability to perceive visual-spatial world accurately – guide, hunter, scout • Perform transformations upon those perceptions –interior designer, architect, artist • Sensitivity to color, line, shape, form and space • Capacity to visualize, graphically present ideas and to orient oneself in a spatial matrix
- 32. Photo by ramesh_lalwani - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/11398652@N00 Created with Haiku Deck KINESTHETIC
- 33. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck KINESTHETIC – Body Smart ! • Expertise in using one’s body to express ideas and feelings – actor, mime, athlete, dancer • Using hands to produce or transform things – craftsperson, sculptor, mechanic, surgeon • Specific physical skills – coordination, dexterity, flexibility, tactile and haptic (nonverbal communication) capacities
- 34. Photo by Francesca Cappa - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/49460206@N03 Created with Haiku Deck MUSICAL
- 35. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck MUSICAL – Sound Smart ! • Capacity to perceive, discriminate, transform and express musical forms • Musical aficionado, Composer, Performer • Sensitivity to rhythm, Pitch/Melody or Tone • Intuitional or Analytical understanding of music or both. • Emotional or Kinesthetic connect with music
- 36. Photo by bhagath makka - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/21788184@N05 Created with Haiku Deck INTRAPERSONAL
- 37. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck INTRAPERSONAL – Self Smart ! • Self motivated, Self cognitive ability motivates them to build on strengths and overcome weaknesses • High self awareness, ability to work alone • Ambition, Perseverance • Ability to pursue long term goals • Philosophers, thinkers, leaders, strategists, …
- 38. Photo by flequi - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/83085326@N00 Created with Haiku Deck INTERPERSONAL
- 39. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck • Ability to perceive and make distinctions in the moods, intentions, motivations and feelings of others • Sensitivity to facial expressions, voices and gestures • Capacity for discriminating among various types of emotional cues • Ability to respond effectively to emotional cues (eg. Influencing others to follow a certain line of action. INTERPERSONAL – People Smart !
- 40. NATURALISTIC
- 41. Photo by Rakesh JV - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/59281136@N04 Created with Haiku Deck NATURALIST – Nature/Environment Smart People with a high degree of this intelligence are good at observing nature and their environment and are good at identifying natural things, birds, animals, plants, etc. They may be termed as being ‘one with nature’ and enjoy being in natural surroundings. This intelligence also has to do with being familiar with the environment around them, perceive potential threats and opportunities in their environment and also have a keen understanding of relationships between natural things.
- 43. The theory of Brain Dominance grew out of the work of Roger Sperry, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981. Our brains have two hemispheres – the Left and Right Hemispheres which are connected by the corpus callosum. This allows the two hemispheres to communicate.
- 44. While studying the effects of epilepsy, Sperry discovered that by severing the corpus callosum he could reduce epileptic seizures. But he also observed that since the corpus callosum was the information highway between the two hemispheres the patients exhibited some other symptoms. For example the patients were unable to name objects processed visually on the right side of the brain but were able to name objects processed on the left side. This caused Sperry to theorize that language is a left brain activity.
- 46. Left v/s Right The Left Brain is adept at tasks that involve logic, language and analytical thinking. Language Logic Critical Thinking Numbers Reasoning Convergent thinking The Right Brain is best at expressive and creative tasks. Recognizing faces Expressing emotions Music Reading emotions Color Images Intuition Creativity Divergent thinking
- 47. Photo by duane.schoon - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/32127264@N08 Created with Haiku Deck PREFERENTIAL LEARNING STYLES Think in pictures and need to create vivid mental images to retain information. Enjoy looking at maps, charts, pictures, videos and movies Visual skills which are demonstrated in puzzle building, reading, writing, understanding charts and graphs, a good sense of direction, sketching, painting, creating visual metaphors and analogies, manipulating images and interpreting visual images Are able to create strong visualizations of sizes, shapes, texture and depth in their minds. Pay close attention to facial expressions and body language of others Remember faces easily but may forget names Need an organized space to concentrate on work or study VISUAL STIMULUS – Iconic Memory/Visualization Learning VISUAL LEARNERS
- 48. Have highly developed auditory skills and are generally good at speaking and voice modulation Think in words rather than in pictures Learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say Have auditory skills which are demonstrated in listening, speaking, story telling, explaining, teaching, understanding the syntax and meaning of words, have a good vocabulary. Have an ear for tone, rhythm and notes – are musically inclined Remember names but may forget faces Are easily distracted by noise and need a quiet place to work or study AURAL STIMULUS – Echoic Memory/Tonal Learning AUDITORY LEARNERS
- 49. Learn through doing, moving and touching (tactile) Express themselves through movement Have good sense of balance and hand – eye coordination Remember and process information by interacting with space and objects around them Find it hard to to sit still for long periods Have skills demonstrated in physical activity, athletic ability, hands on experimentation, acting, dance, mime and using their hands to create, build and expressing emotions. Use physical activities to relax and unwind Remember people by recalling what they did Are distracted by movement while studying or working. TACTILE / KINESTHETIC STIMULUS - Haptic Memory. Motor Learning KINESTHETIC
- 50. Photo by Hash Milhan - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/20826826@N00 Created with Haiku Deck LEARNING MOTIVATION • Self Cognitive •Affective •Reflective •Reverse/Contrary
- 51. Photo by sylvain.collet - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/43582589@N06 Created with Haiku Deck A few quick but well considered steps Role Analysis – A session with HR Team and Departmental Head A presentation to the Team – A session which may extend up to 4 hours depending on the team size and complexity of the assessments required Biometric Data capture – A few minutes per person Psychometric Testing – Based on specific roles and jobs Report Generation – Within 24 hours Interpretations and Discussion with HR Team How do we do it ?
- 52. Photo by kevin dooley - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/12836528@N00 Created with Haiku Deck A judicious combination of PSYCOMETRICS & BIOMETRICS HOW DO WE DO IT ?
- 53. Photo by insane_capture - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/34425257@N07 Created with Haiku Deck Psychometric Biometric Questionnaires No questionnaire Subjective Objective Biased Unbiased Time consuming Less time consuming Effect of environment No effect of environment Can be manipulated No manipulation is possible
- 54. Psychological significance of fingerprint patterns Main thrust of scientific dermatoglyphic research –genetics and chromosomal defects Over 4000 research publications during the past 30 years Dermatoglyphics Sir Francis Galton
- 56. Congenital Heart Disease Leukaemia Congenital Diabetes Alzheimers Disease Downs Syndrome Schizophrenia Klinefelters Syndrome ………… many others Ref : Dermatoglyphics in Medical Disorders – Schaumann and Alters, Springer – 1976, reprint 2012 Significant Research on Dermatoglyphic Indicators
- 57. Down’s Syndrome : Trisomy 21 – Simian Crease or Single Transverse Palmar Crease, Predominance of Ulnar Loops with peculiar orientation Klinefelter’s Syndrome : XXY – Arch on Digit 1, Ulnar Loop on Digit 2
- 58. Awarded jointly to Dr Rita Levi-Montalcini and Dr Stanley Cohen Discoveries of Growth Factors – EGF and NGF 1986 – Nobel Prize in Physiology
- 59. CNS and Epidermis At an embryological stage ( wk 2) the Ectoderm differentiates into tissues which will form the Epidermis and the Neural Plate which later forms the Neural tube and finally the CNS The finger prints and neural networks are ready by 21st week Anencephaly – Failure of anterior neural tube to close (Cephalic Disorder) – In most cases a total absence of fingerprints is observed
- 60. Photo by ajeofj3 - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/125992663@N02 Created with Haiku Deck A map of the innate or genetic capabilities and propensities of brain lobes Prefrontal – Personality Frontal – Logic/Imagination Parietal – Motor skills Temporal – Sound- Language/Music Occipital - Visual Neocortex Profile
- 62. The basic question - who am I ?
- 63. If we can discover the following oPersonality Type oMI Profile oLearning Style oBrain Hemispheric Dominance oLearning Motivation oFour Quotients – IQ/EQ/CQ/AQ oWe can lead fulfilling lives…
- 64. For Professionals at the work place Preferred Work Environment Communication Expectations Motivation Team Factors Competency Potential Training Interventions Human Job Analysis
- 65. Photo by Peteris B - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License https://www.flickr.com/photos/54341942@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
- 66. Photo by Arya Ziai - Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.flickr.com/photos/55839512@N08 Created with Haiku Deck
- 67. Thank you !!!