Energy Flow - Food Chains/Webs
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This document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It explains that the sun provides energy to producers like plants and algae, which are then consumed by herbivores as primary consumers. Higher-level consumers that eat other organisms are secondary and tertiary consumers. Multiple interconnected food chains make up a food web. Only about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, so pyramid models depict this loss of available energy at higher levels.
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Energy Flow - Food Chains/Webs
- 1. Unit 4: Energy Flow Objective #1: Interrelationships and energy flow within a food chain and food web
- 2. Levels of Organization • The biosphere is where all life exists • Ecosystems include living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors
- 3. Levels of Organization • Populations consist of organisms of the same species living in an area • Communities have several populations in an area
- 6. Energy Flow • Living things need energy • For growth, reproduction, metabolic processes • No energy No life! • Where does energy come from?
- 7. Energy Flow: Producers • The SUN provides energy • Producers make food (autotrophic) • Plants and some bacteria are photosynthetic • Some bacteria are chemosynthetic
- 8. Energy Flow: Consumers • Heterotrophs rely on other organisms for their energy • ie: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers, decomposers, and detritivores
- 9. Food Chains • Energy is transferred through an ecosystem when organisms eat or are eaten
- 10. Trophic Levels • Feeding levels in a food chain or web • 1st Trophic Level – Producers • 2nd Trophic Level – 1st Order (Primary) Consumer…ETC • Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy!
- 11. Figure 3-8 A Food Web Food Web Section 3-2 • Many food chains together form a food web
- 12. Pyramid of Energy • 10% of the energy at one trophic level is available to the organisms at the next level.
- 13. Biomass Pyramid • The amount of living tissue and thus potential food • Typically the greatest biomass is at the base
- 14. Pyramid of Numbers • Relative number of individual organisms at each level • In certain ecosystems, it is NOT pyramid shaped