Web of Things - Connecting People and Objects on the Web
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The document outlines a workshop on the Web of Things (WoT) presented at SXSW 2010, focusing on the integration of electronic devices with web standards for easier interaction. It emphasizes the need for a universal protocol to connect heterogeneous devices and introduces RESTful architecture for modeling these devices as web resources. Key topics include device discovery, eventing, and the potential of real-time web technologies to enhance device communication and integration.
![Example application: Energie Visible
Web / Mobile
Interface GET http://10.1.1.5:8080/energievisible/ploggs/all
Gateway [{
(IP:10.1.1.5) "deviceName": "ComputerAndScreen",
"currentWatts": 50.52,
"KWh": 5.835,
"maxWattage": 100.56
},
"deviceName": "Fridge",
Sensors "currentWatts": 86.28.,
(Ploggs) "KWh": 4.421,
"maxWattage": 288.92
}, {...}]
Electric
appliances
WoT@SXSW10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sxsw-100313233244-phpapp01/85/Web-of-Things-Connecting-People-and-Objects-on-the-Web-19-320.jpg)
![Real-world Web applications
REST URL
REST
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AP
Ja
P
ST
va
PH
S
RE
cr
ipt
[hCp://www.pachube.com] [hCp://www.webothings.com/energievisible] [hCp://www.clickscript.ch]
WoT@SXSW10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sxsw-100313233244-phpapp01/85/Web-of-Things-Connecting-People-and-Objects-on-the-Web-27-320.jpg)
![Clickscript component
csComponentContainer.push({
name : "cs.web.things.switch",
description : "switch on or off",
inputs : [{name: "IP",type: "cs.type.String"},
{name: "on/off", type: "cs.type.Boolean"}],
outputs: [ ],
image: "web/things/plogg.png",
exec : function(state){
this.setAsync();
var ip = state.inputs.item(0).getValue();
var aurl = "http://"+ip+":8082/EnergieVisible/ploggs/008098e7cb71/status.html";
var onoff = state.inputs.item(1).getValue() ? "on" : "off";
var component = this;
WoT@SXSW10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sxsw-100313233244-phpapp01/85/Web-of-Things-Connecting-People-and-Objects-on-the-Web-29-320.jpg)
Web of Things - Connecting People and Objects on the Web
- 1. Web of Things - Connecting People and Objects on the Web Workshop @ SXSW10, Austin, 14 March 2010 Vlad Trifa & Dominique Guinard http://www.webofthings.com
- 2. Virtual doggy bag online: http://www.webofthings.com/sxsw Disclaimer: We are going to demo undergoing research, so please bear with us. WoT@SXSW10
- 3. Electronic things are invading us... • Increasingly powerful CPUs • Sensors & actuators • Web connectivity • Cheap • Ubiquitous WoT@SXSW10
- 4. Translation for geeks: An infinite playground. YAAAY!
- 5. Problem is... How to create easily interactive applications that combine various heterogeneous devices??? That is, without a • Tons of different devices: PhD in Computer Science • Capabilities/functions • Applications/middlewares • Networking protocols WoT@SXSW10
- 6. We need an universal protocol that is: simple, lightweight, loosely- coupled, scalable, flexible and hopefully... standard
- 8. So let’s leverage it! Use Web standards to develop applications for networked devices. HTTP, HTML, XML, JSON, RSS, ATOM, MIME,... • TCP/IP & Web granted, WiFi routers ubiquitous • Development of simple Web apps: cheap & quick • Integrate real-world data on the Web • Get features of the Web for free WoT@SXSW10
- 10. The Web of Things in a nutshell 3 steps to create a basic Web of Things: • Connecting things to the Internet (IPv4/IPv6) • Embedded Web servers • Make devices part of the Web (using REST) • Model their function as RESTful resources WoT@SXSW10
- 11. RESTful SunSPOTs • Properties and functions are RESTful resources • Devices/services become Web resources • URI-addressed • Links between them (hateoas) • Different representations (content negotiation) • Uniform interface (HTTP verbs, status codes) WoT@SXSW10
- 12. Sunspots resources modeling • Services on embedded devices are adapted for resource oriented architectures • root: www.spotshost.com • spots list: www.spotshost.com/sunspots • spot #1: www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1 • sensors list: www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1/sensors • LEDs : www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1/actuators/leds • LED #1 : www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1/actuators/leds/led1 WoT@SXSW10
- 13. Representations • XHTML ideal for browsing http://webofthings.com/spots • JSON ideal for parsing (& lightweight for device) http://webofthings.com/spots.json • XML ideal for business integration http://webofthings.com/spots.xml WoT@SXSW10
- 14. Uniform interface • HTTP verbs • GET: current temperature • POST: add a timer • PUT: turn a device on/off • DELETE: delete a timer on a device • HTTP headers • Accept header for MIME types • Status codes (200 ok, 401 unauthorized) WoT@SXSW10
- 15. DEMO - RESTful spots • Browsing the spot manager • Poster with content negotiation • Javascript app to change LEDs colors WoT@SXSW10
- 17. Embedded REST is not always possible N on IP es vic de WoT@SXSW10
- 18. For Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)... WoT@SXSW10
- 19. Example application: Energie Visible Web / Mobile Interface GET http://10.1.1.5:8080/energievisible/ploggs/all Gateway [{ (IP:10.1.1.5) "deviceName": "ComputerAndScreen", "currentWatts": 50.52, "KWh": 5.835, "maxWattage": 100.56 }, "deviceName": "Fridge", Sensors "currentWatts": 86.28., (Ploggs) "KWh": 4.421, "maxWattage": 288.92 }, {...}] Electric appliances WoT@SXSW10
- 20. DEMO - Energie Visible More? Webofthings.com/ energievisible WoT@SXSW10
- 21. Devices gone Web
- 23. SAC: Social Access Controller • Access Control Lists not suited for real- world sharing • Leverage social networks for sharing devices • OAuth for delegated authentication WoT@SXSW10
- 24. FAT: Friends and Things • GWT application on top of SAC • Log in using your social networks. • Discover, share, and advertise devices with friends. • Serves ATOM feeds of aggregated device data. WoT@SXSW10
- 25. DEMO - FAT More? tinyurl.com/ ygy2kwb WoT@SXSW10
- 26. The era of physical Mashups
- 27. Real-world Web applications REST URL REST I AP Ja P ST va PH S RE cr ipt [hCp://www.pachube.com] [hCp://www.webothings.com/energievisible] [hCp://www.clickscript.ch] WoT@SXSW10
- 28. Clickscript • Javascript-based visual mashup editor • Firefox plugin/Web app • Based on DOJO/jQuery www.clickscript.ch WoT@SXSW10
- 29. Clickscript component csComponentContainer.push({ name : "cs.web.things.switch", description : "switch on or off", inputs : [{name: "IP",type: "cs.type.String"}, {name: "on/off", type: "cs.type.Boolean"}], outputs: [ ], image: "web/things/plogg.png", exec : function(state){ this.setAsync(); var ip = state.inputs.item(0).getValue(); var aurl = "http://"+ip+":8082/EnergieVisible/ploggs/008098e7cb71/status.html"; var onoff = state.inputs.item(1).getValue() ? "on" : "off"; var component = this; WoT@SXSW10
- 30. jQuery HTTP request $.ajax({ url: aurl, type: "PUT", data: ({status : onoff}), success: function(html){ alert("status of Plogg : " +onoff); component.finishAsync(); }, error: function(msg){ alert("Error on: "+aurl); } }); Demo WoT@SXSW10
- 32. Err, what about eventing & streaming ? The web wasn’t quite made for that... And querying & search?
- 33. Here comes Real-Time Web • Scalable pub/sub for devices is needed • Many solutions (XMPP, etc....) • None really integrate with the Web • ATOM/ATOMpub is RESTful, but not push • Push Web technologies • Apply Web PUSH on devices • Comet & Web hooks • Bi-directional Web messaging (Websockets) WoT@SXSW10
- 34. Device Discovery • Devices serve semantic metadata: Microformats • Similar to headers metadata for Web robots • Machine-readable user manual • Human-readable documentation • MF describe • Available resources and sub-resources • Accepted methods and their input/output • Keywords/tags • Eventing, rules, channels WoT@SXSW10
- 35. <span class="service"> <span class="mftitle">Label: </span><span class="label"></span><br/> <span class="mftitle">Data Format: </span><span class="data-format">Integer</ span><br/> <span class="mftitle">Operation: </span><span class="operation"><br/> <span class="mftitle">Method: </span><span class="method">POST</span><br/> <span class="mftitle">Address: </span><span class="address">http://spotmanager: 8081/sunspots/Core2TestSpot/actuators/leds/led1</span><br/> <span class="mftitle">Input: </span><span class="input">Red</span><br/> <span class="mftitle">Output: </span><span class="output">The updated Resource</ span><br/> </span> WoT@SXSW10
- 36. Does that scale?
- 37. Hierarchic gateways binding: InfraWoT • Gateways find and integrate mf-enabled devices • Gateways bind to each other and form geographical hierarchies http://europe.eu/switzerland/zurich/eth/building4 http://usa.com/texas/austin/sxsw/ballroom/e • Based on OSGi and RESTlet WoT@SXSW10
- 38. DEMO - InfraWoT WoT@SXSW10
- 40. Browsable EPC Network Tag EPC • standardized Standards for Supply Chain identifiers Management • EPC Network set of RFID standards Reader • Global (closed?) network • EPCIS is the information server Reader Protocol • Standard WS-* interface • RESTful EPCIS EPCIS WoT@SXSW10
- 41. RESTful EPCIS in a Nutshell • On top of Fosstrak EPCIS • Based on Jersey • Apache Abdera for Feeds • Faster than the original EPCIS (Duh!) WoT@SXSW10
- 42. Widgets on top! • Business intelligence dashboard • Implemented in Javascript (GWT) • Integrating loads of Web resources: • Google Viz/Maps/Cal • Wikipedia • Twitter, etc. Demo WoT@SXSW10
- 43. Take home notes • It’s time for devices to join the Web • Tradeoff features/performance • Huge opportunities for the Web of Things • Tools & best practices for Web-enabled things are needed • Web developers need to apply their skills to build a programmable world WoT@SXSW10
- 44. Thanks for your attention ! www.webofthings.com