Work factor-Anant Patel
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This document provides an overview of Work-Factor, an elemental time measurement system for establishing productivity standards. It describes various Work-Factor systems from detailed to brief and their appropriate uses. The key principles of Work-Factor include breaking down tasks into elements defined by factors like body motion, distance, weight, and controls. Standard elements include transport, grasp, position, assemble, use, and release. Notation and methods for recording Work-Factor analyses are also outlined.
Work factor-Anant Patel
- 1. WORK-FACTOR PRESENTED BY: ANANT PATEL MTO9IND010 M.Tech. Industrial Engineering, VNIT, NAGPUR. 2009-10
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Types of predetermined time standards Definitions of Work-Factor terms Work-Factor Systems • Detailed Work-Factor • Simplified Work-Factor • Abbreviated Work-Factor • Ready Work-Factor • Brief Work-Factor • Detailed Mento-Factor Work-Factor notation Recording the Analysis Work-Factor standard elements of work
- 3. INTRODUCTION Work-Factor (WF) is an elemental time systems for compiling time standards to establish the expected productivity of the human when performing useful manual and mental work.
- 4. TYPES OF PREDETERMINED TIME STANDARDS Methods Time Analysis (MTA), 1925 Work-Factor (WF), 1938 Engstrom, 1940 400 system, 1944 Methods Time Measurements (MTM), 1948 Methods Time Standards (MTS), 1950 Basic Motion Timestudy (BMT), 1951 Dimension Motion Time (DMT), 1954 Maynard’s Operation Sequence Technique (MOST),1967
- 5. DEFINITIONS OF WORK-FACTOR TERMS Work-Factor Time Adequate Task Physique Adequate Task Intelligence Adequate Task Vision Work-Factor Analysis Basic Motion Work-Factor Work-Factor Standards Elements of Work
- 6. WORK-FACTOR SYSTEMS The requirements of work measurement vary according to the factors of operation, uniformity, frequency of repetition, purpose of measurements....
- 7. WF system consists integrated systems…. Detailed Work-Factor Simplified Work-Factor Ready Work-Factor Abbreviated Work-Factor Brief Work-Factor Detailed Mento Factor
- 8. DETAILED WORK-FACTOR DWF is utilized for operation which need Accurate time standards. The Work-Factor system is based on the principle that the Four Major Variables which affect the time to perform manual motions are: 1. Body Member used 2. Distance Moved 3. Manual Control required 4. weight or Resistance involved
- 9. 1. Body Member 7 definite body members… 1) Finger or Hand 2) Arm 3) Forearm Swivel 4) Trunk 5) Foot 6) Leg 7) Head Time values for these body members are illustrated in table.
- 10. 2. Distance All distances are measurements in straight lines between the starting and stopping points of the motion as described by body members. Measured in inches. Tables specify the point at which various body members motion has to be measured.
- 11. 3. Manual control Definite Stop Work-Factor Steer Work-Factor Precaution Work-Factor Direction Change Work-Factor • Its evaluation is made more difficult as there is no physical measuring device with which its effects can be checked
- 12. 4. Weight or Resistance Effect of weight on time varies with Body Members used Sex of operator Measured in pounds for all Body Members except Forearm Swivel. Forearm Swivel Motions are rotary, measured in pound-inches of torque.
- 19. EXAMPLE 1 ARM MOVES 18 inches to TOSS A SMALL COIN IN A TRAY…. Body member involve is Arm (A) Distance 18 inch No manual controls requirements Basic Motion As per table, value is 55, corresponds to 0.0055 minutes
- 20. WORK-FACTOR NOTATION Body members Symbol • Finger F • Hand H • Arm A • Forearm Swivel FS • Trunk T • Foot Ft • Leg L • Head Turn HT
- 21. Work-Factors Symbols • Weight W • Steer S • Precaution P • Direction Change U • Definite Stop D
- 22. RECORDING THE ANALYSIS Toss small part aside 10 in. (Basic Motion) A10 0.0042 minutes Reach 30 inches to bolt in bin (Definite Stop Motion) A30D 0.0096 minutes Move 4 pound brick 30 in. from pile to place on work table (Weight, Definite Stop Motion) A30WD 0.0119 minutes
- 23. WORK-FACTOR STANDARD ELEMENTS OF WORK 8 Work-Factor Standard Elements of Work… 1. Transport (Reach & Move) (R, M) 2. Grasp (Gr) 3. Pre-position (PP) 4. Assemble (Asy) 5. Use (Manual, Process or Machine Time) (Use) 6. Disassemble (Dsy) 7. Mental Process (MP) 8. Release (Rl)
- 24. TRANSPORT The Standard Element Transport involves a single motion by a given body member. Reach Move
- 25. GRASP Act of obtaining Manual Control of an object for the purpose of transporting, using, or holding.
- 26. PRE-POSITION Act of turning or orienting an object to a correct position for a subsequent Standard Element of Work. A bolt 2 inches long weighing 3 pound can be pre-positioned for assembly into a tapped hole by turning it end-for-end with one hand. An average of 3 Finger Motion is required to complete the Pre-position. Analysis for this Pre-position is V3F1-50%.
- 27. ASSEMBLE Act of joining objects together or placing them in useful locations. Assemble begins immediately after the Move bringing the objects to a position where Assemble can start. All Work-Factor Assembles utilize the concept of Plug and Target, where a Plug is inserted into or placed on a Target.
- 28. RELEASE Contact Release Gravity Release The Unwrap Release MENTAL PROCESS Concurrent Mental Process Sequential Mental Process
- 29. SIMPLIFIED WORK-FACTOR General higher level system Suitable for medium quantity production Developed from Detailed Work-Factor Quite effective in preparing estimates before actual production starts.
- 30. ABBREVIATED WORK-FACTOR Developed from Detailed Work-Factor Suitable for small quantity job shops. Abbreviated time unit is 0.005 (recorded as 5) minutes rather than 0.0001 minutes used in the DWF. Accuracy of AWF is expected to average +12 percent of the DWF.
- 31. READY WORK-FACTOR Based on Detailed Work-Factor Normally utilized in evaluating manual work in industry. One Ready Units equals 10 Detailed Work-Factor Time Units (0.0010 minutes) 15 inch Arm factor with two Work- Factor required 9 Ready Units, or 0.009 minute.
- 32. BRIEF WORK-FACTOR BWF system is relatively new and like the AWF uses the time unit of 0.005 minute. It was developed to make the format conform with the Detailed, and with the Ready systems.
- 33. DETAILED MENTO FACTOR It is a basic level system which is used for measuring mental processes such as … Inspection Proof reading Colour matching Calculations Any repetitive predominantly mental operation
- 34. References Quick J. H., Duncan J. H., Malcolm J. A., Jr., Work-Factor Time Standards, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1962. Barnes R. M., Motion and Time Study- Design and Measurement of Work, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons. Sharma S. K., Work Study and Ergonomics, Katson Books, Delhi, 2003-04. ILO, Introduction to Work Study, vol-3, 1986.
- 35. THANK YOU